Toxic Reactions Chemical Equations

Transcription

1 LESSON 1 Toxic Reactions Chemical Equations Name Date Period Activity Purpose To interpret chemical equations involving toxins. Materials J Toxic Reactions cards Part 1: Interpreting Chemical Equations Chemical equation: HCl(aq) 1 NaHCO 3 (aq) NaCl(aq) 1 H 2 O(l) 1 CO 2 (g) A solution of hydrochloric acid reacts with a solution of sodium bicarbonate to produce a solution of sodium chloride, water, and bubbles of carbon dioxide gas. Fill in the table based on the equation and interpretation. Symbol What it represents Symbol What it represents HCl (aq) NaCl H 2 O 1 (l) NaHCO 3 CO 2 (g) 1. What are the reactants in this chemical reaction? What are the products? 2. What visible evidence do you have that CO 2 (g) was formed? That NaCl(aq) was formed? 3. What does the chemical equation tell you that your observations do not? 4. Predict what you would observe if you heated the liquid until all the water was gone. 266 Unit 4 Toxins Living By Chemistry Teaching and Classroom Resources Lesson 1 Worksheet LBCTCM_04_BFW1st12.indd 266 2/29/12 10:58:31 AM

2 Part 2: Toxins 1. Work with your partner to sort the Toxic Reactions cards into four groups based on some pattern or similar features you discover. Describe the four groups. 2. What are some substances that toxins react with in the body? 3. What do the toxins that affect the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs have in common? 4. List the compounds that are the products of reactions that cause blood acidosis. 5. What do the substances that cause nerve damage have in common? 6. Identify the solids that result in kidney stones. 7. Making Sense Describe what information a chemical equation gives you. Living By Chemistry Teaching and Classroom Resources Unit 4 Toxins 267 Lesson 1 Worksheet LBCTCM_04_BFW1st12.indd 267 2/29/12 10:58:31 AM

3 Toxic Reactions Cards A Phosgene, COCl 2 B Formaldehyde, CH 2 O Biological weapon in World War I In the production of plywood and carpeting Damages eyes, nose, throat, and lungs COCl 2 (g) 1 H 2 O(l) 2HCl(aq) 1 CO 2 (g) Phosgene gas reacts with water from tears, saliva, or mucus to produce aqueous hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide gas. 2CH 2 O(aq) 1 O 2 (g) 2CH 2 O 2 (aq) Aqueous formaldehyde reacts with oxygen gas to produce aqueous formic acid in the blood. C Thallium oxide, Tl 2 O D Ammonia, NH 3 In the creation of clay pottery and ceramics Often found in household cleaning supplies Damages eyes, nose, throat, lungs Tl 2 O(s) 1 2HCl(aq) 2TlCl(aq) 1 H 2 O(l) Solid thallium (I) oxide reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid (stomach acid) to form aqueous thallium (I) chloride and water. NH 3 (g) 1 H 2 O(l) NH 4 OH(aq) Ammonia gas reacts with water (tears, saliva, mucus) to produce aqueous ammonium hydroxide. 268 Unit 4 Toxins Living By Chemistry Teaching and Classroom Resources Lesson 1 Card Masters LBCTCM_04_BFW1st12.indd 268 2/29/12 10:58:32 AM

4 E Nitric oxide, NO F Ethanol, C 2 H 6 O Produced by automobile engines and lightning As automobile fuel; found in alcoholic beverages Damages eyes, nose, throat, lungs 4NO(g) 1 O 2 (g) 1 2H 2 O(l) 4HNO 2 (aq) C 2 H 6 O(aq) 1 O 2 (g) C 2 H 4 O 2 (aq) 1 H 2 O(l) Nitric oxide gas reacts with water (tears, saliva, mucus) and oxygen gas to produce aqueous nitrous acid. Aqueous ethanol reacts with oxygen gas to produce aqueous acetic acid and water in the blood. G Chlorine, Cl 2 H Mercury sulfide, HgS In water purification, disinfectants, and bleach Damages eyes, nose, throat, and lungs Cl 2 (g) 1 H 2 O(l) HOCl(aq) 1 HCl(aq) As a red paint pigment HgS(s) 1 2HCl(aq) HgCl 2 (s) 1 H 2 S(aq) Chlorine gas reacts with water (tears, saliva, mucus) to produce aqueous hypochlorous acid and aqueous hydrochloric acid. Solid mercury (II) sulfide reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid (stomach acid) to produce solid mercury (II) chloride and aqueous hydrogen sulfide. Living By Chemistry Teaching and Classroom Resources Unit 4 Toxins 269 Lesson 1 Card Masters LBCTCM_04_BFW1st12.indd 269 2/29/12 10:58:33 AM

5 I Ethylene glycol, C 2 H 6 O 2 J Lead carbonate, PbCO 3 As antifreeze in automobiles In house paint until 1978 C 2 H 6 O 2 (aq) 1 O 2 (g) C 2 H 4 O 3 (aq) 1 H 2 O(l) PbCO 3 (s) 1 2HCl(aq) PbCl 2 (aq) 1 H 2 CO 3 (aq) Aqueous ethylene glycol reacts with oxygen gas to produce aqueous glycolic acid and water in the blood. Solid lead (II) carbonate reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid (stomach acid) to produce aqueous lead (II) chloride and carbonic acid. K Sodium oxalate, Na 2 C 2 O 4 L Lead, Pb In certain foods: chocolate, peanuts, spinach, beets, rhubarb, berries Formerly in household paint, toys, plumbing, and car bodies Kidney stones Na 2 C 2 O 4 (aq) 1 CaCl 2 (aq) CaC 2 O 4 (s) 1 2NaCl(aq) Aqueous sodium oxalate reacts with aqueous calcium chloride to produce solid calcium oxalate and aqueous sodium chloride. Pb(s) 1 2HCl(aq) PbCl 2 (aq) 1 H 2 (g) Solid lead reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid (stomach acid) to produce aqueous lead (II) chloride and hydrogen gas. 270 Unit 4 Toxins Living By Chemistry Teaching and Classroom Resources Lesson 1 Card Masters LBCTCM_04_BFW1st12.indd 270 2/29/12 10:58:33 AM

6 M Arsenic, As N Oxalic acid, C 2 H 2 O 4 In agricultural insecticides; found in contaminated groundwater Natural ingredient of many plants and foods, including black pepper, parsley, and rhubarb Kidney stones 2As(s) 1 6HCl(aq) 2AsCl 3 (aq) 1 3H 2 (g) C 2 H 2 O 4 (aq) 1 CaCl 2 (aq) CaC 2 O 4 (s) 1 2HCl(aq) Solid arsenic reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid (stomach acid) to produce aqueous arsenic trichloride and hydrogen gas. Aqueous oxalic acid reacts with aqueous calcium chloride to produce solid calcium oxalate and aqueous hydrochloric acid. O Methanol, CH 4 O P Sodium phosphate, Na 3 PO 4 As a fuel in dragsters, sprint cars, and model airplanes CH 4 O(aq) 1 O 2 (g) CH 2 O 2 (aq) 1 H 2 O(l) Aqueous methanol reacts with oxygen to produce aqueous formic acid and water in the blood. As a cleaning agent, degreaser, and laxative Kidney stones 2Na 3 PO 4 (aq) 1 3CaCl 2 (aq) Ca 3 PO 4 2 (s) 1 6NaCl(aq) Aqueous sodium phosphate reacts with aqueous calcium chloride to produce solid calcium phosphate and aqueous sodium chloride. Living By Chemistry Teaching and Classroom Resources Unit 4 Toxins 271 Lesson 1 Card Masters LBCTCM_04_BFW1st12.indd 271 2/29/12 10:58:34 AM

7 Toxic Reactions Patterns Group Toxin type Effect on body Reacts with Produces Unit 4 Toxins Living By Chemistry Teaching and Classroom Resources Lesson 1 Transparency LBCTCM_04_BFW1st12.indd 272 3/7/12 4:13:12 PM