Nanoparticles Methods and Applications

Transcription

1 Sustainable Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles Methods and Applications Edited by Rafael Luque Departamento de Quimka Orgdmea, Universiclad de Cordoba, Spain Rajender S Varma National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Protection Agency, Cincinnati, USA varma.rajender@epa.gov U.S. Environmental RSC Publishing

2 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Rafael Luque and Rajencier S. Varma Acknowledgments 5 References 5 Chapter 2 Environmentally Friendly Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles 7 J urate Virkutyte and Rajencier S. Varma 2.1 Introduction Biogenic Nanoparticles Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles Fungi Bacteria Yeasts Algae Actinomycetes Plants Carbohydrates Vitamins Other Synthetic Approaches and Further Consideration Conclusions 27 References 28 RSC Green Chemistry ~Ho. 19 Sustainable Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles: Methods and Applications Edited by Rafael Luque and Rajender S Varma The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, vii

3 viii Chapter 3 Contents Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles Stabilized by the Framework of Porous Materials 34 Mehmet Zahmakiran and Saim Ozkar 3.1 Introduction Supported Metal Nanoparticles in Catalysis Preparation Routes of Supported Metal Nanoparticles Chemical Methods Physical Methods Physicochemical Methods Types of Supported Metal Nanoparticles Depending on the Nature of Support Material Zeolites, Silica-Based Materials Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Hydrotalcite (HT) Future Goals Toward Modern Supported Metal Nanoparticles Catalysts 60 References 60 Energy Conversion and Storage through Nanoparticles 67 Sheiiqiang Ren and Yan Wang 4.1 Introduction Quantum Confinement of Nanoparticles Synthesis of Quantum Dots The Basic Working Principles of 4.2 Quantum Nanostructured Solar Cells 73 Dot Solar Cells Hot Carriers and Multiple Exciton Generation Effects Nanoparticle-Based Li Ion Battery Introduction Cathode Anode Summary 99 Acknowledgement 100 References 100

4 Contents Chapter 5 The Green Synthesis ix and Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials 106 Chcmgseok Han, MiguelPelctez, Mallikarjunci N. Nadagouda, Sherine 0. Obare, Polycarpos Falaras, Patrick S. M. Dunlop. J. Anthony Byrne, Hyeok Choi and Dionysios D. Dionysiou 5.1 Green Chemistry of the Synthesis of Nanomaterials Ti02 Nanomaterials Other Semiconductors Metal and Metal Oxides Nanoparticles Metallic and Bimetallic Nanoparticles Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Air, Water, and Soil Dehalogenation using Metallic and Bimetallic Nanoparticles Metallic Nanoparticles Bimetallic Nanoparticles Iron/Palladium Bimetallic Nanoparticles Iron/Nickel Bimetallic Nanoparticles Iron/Copper Bimetallic Nanoparticles Other Bimetallic Nanoparticles Photocatalysis for the Disinfection of Drinking Water Immobilization of Nanoparticles for Sustainable Environmental Applications Need for Particle Immobilization Goals and Strategies of Particle Immobilization Application Examples of Immobilized Systems using Nanoparticles Conclusions 134 Acknowledgements 135 References Chapter 6 Green Nanotechnology a Sustainable Approach in the Nanorevolution 144 Ajit Zambre, Anandhi Upmdran, Ravi Shukla, Nripen Chanda, Kavita K. Katti, Cathy Cutler, Raghuraman Kannan and Kattesh V. Katti 6.1 Introduction 144

5 X Contents 6.2 Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Phytochemicals Gold Nanoparticles from Cinnamon Phytochemicals (Cin-AuNPs) Gold Nanoparticles from Cumin Phytochemicals (Cum-AuNPs) Gold Nanoparticles from Tea Phytochemicals (T-AuNPs) Dual Roles of Reduction and Stabilization Biomedical Applications Thereapeutic Efficacy of EGCG-'98AuNPs Sustainability 153 Acknowledgements 154 References 154 Chapter 7 Biofuels and High Value Added Chemicals from Biomass Using Sustainably Prepared Metallic and Bimetallic Nanoparticles 157 Jared T. Wabeke, Clara P. Adams, Setare Tahmasebi Nick, Liyana A. Wajira Ariyadasa, AH Bolandi, Darryl W. Corky, Robert Y. Ofoli and Sherine 0. Obare 7.1 Introduction Synthetic Procedures Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoparticles Applications of Metallic and Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Biomass Conversion Oxidation of Alcohols and Sugars Conversion of Sugars Production of Hydrocarbons Conversion of Cellulose Decarboxylation of Fatty Acids Biodiesel Production Design of Fuel Cells Future Perspectives 179 References 180 Chapter 8 Toxicology of Designer/Engineered Metallic Nanoparticles 190 H.-M. Hwang, P. C. Ray, H. Yu and X. He 8.1 Introduction Biophysicochemical Interactions (Nano/Bio Interface) Engineered Nanoparticles Physicochemical Factors 192

6 Contents xi Biological Factors Environmental Factors Designer Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles (Doped Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles) Research Gaps and Collaboration Needed Summary and Outlook 206 Acknowledgements 206 References 206 Chapter 9 Introduction to Nanosafety 213 Francisco Balas 9.1 Introduction: Safety and Nanoparticles Risks in Handling Nanoparticles Factors that Influence Nanoparticle Toxicity Inhalation of Engineered Nanoparticles Risk-Reduction Strategies Prevention through Design and Good Laboratory Practices Safety and Prevention in the Nanotechnology Laboratory Control Banding Nanoparticle Emission Assessment Technique Conclusions 220 References 221 Subject Index 223