Chemical Equilibrium. A. Di Lallo
|
|
- Phyllis Taylor
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chemical Equilibrium
2 Reversible vs Irreversible Rxn Irreversible rxn one direction only React prod Examples: combustion rxn, decomposition of food Reversible rxn both directions React prod and Prod react When rates of the two opposing reactions are equal, you get chemical equilibrium!
3 Irreversible reaction Reversible reaction
4 Static Static vs Dynamic Equilibrium Completely immobile, system remains at a given point Dynamic Two opposing processes occurring at same rate so that no visible change takes place Involves reversible reactions Three types Phase Solubility **Chemical** (what we re really concentrating on)
5 Dynamic Equilibrium Phase: single substance found in several phases as a result of physical changes Sealed bottled water Solubility: solute is dissolved in a solvent and an excess of solute is in contact with the saturated solution Sugar in coffee
6 Chemical Equilibrium Def: Dynamic Equilibrium which is a result from two opposing chemical reactions that occur at the same rate, leaving composition of the reaction system unchanged Rxn must be reversible Equilibrium must be the result of chemical change between a reactant and a product r r for rev You are in a state of dynamic equilibrium when the forward rxn rate is equal to the reverse rxn rate
7 Chemical Equilibrium
8 Conditions for Attaining Equilibrium Must have a reversible reaction Change must occur in a closed system **Macroscopic properties are constant** Macroscopic = visible to naked eye Colour, volume, ph, temperature, pressure It by itself it is not proof
9
10 Le Chatelier s Principle If the conditions of a system in a state of equilibrium change, the system will react to partially oppose this change until it attains a new state of equilibrium
11
12 Le Chatelier s Principle Factors that affect state of chemical equilibrium Concentration Temperature Pressure The story of Mr. Catalyst
13 Key about Le Chatelier Whatever side you place the stress on, the reaction will shift in the opposite direction to relieve that stress and get back to equilibrium
14 Systems in disequilibrium eutrophication Eutrophication Fertilization of surface water by previous scare nutrients nutrients phytoplankton, benthic and epiplagic algae and bacterial biomass anoxia in deep water mortality of fish and shellfish in water transparency
15
16
17
18 Equilibrium Constant Relationship between [prod.] and [react], (at a given temp) each raised to the power of their stochiometric coefficients
19 Now, equilibrium is defined as r r for rev
20 Equilibrium Constant Given the equation Kc : [C], [D] [A], [B] a,b,c,d K c aa bb cc [ C] [ A] c a [ D] [ B] Equilibrium Constant Conc. of prods (mol/l) Conc. of react (mol/l) Stoich. Coeff of balanced equation b dd Just like in rate law, only consider gases or substances in solution
21 Equilibrium Constant Just like you can get Kc for the forward rxn, can get it for the reverse K c rev K 1 c for
22 Effect of Temperature on K Only temperature can change K; conc. P and V will not alter K Why temp must specified when providing K What s happening? Le Chatelier! When shifting equili, react or prods are being made as a result of temperature New equili won t have conc. proportions that are the same from initial equili
23 How to calculate K R.I.C.E/I.C.E
24 How to calculate K R.I.C.E/I.C.E Stands for Reaction (if you Google it, some have the R, some don t) Initial Change Equilibrium
25 Acids and Bases:2 key theories Arrhenius theory of acids and bases Acid: sub. when dissociates in water produces H+ Base: sub. when dissociates in water produce OH- Limitations to this theory! H+ wouldn t exist in water, would form H3O+ Can t explain why solutions with NH3 are basic Cant s explain why some salt solutions without H or O present basic properties Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases Acid: sub. which a proton can be removed Proton donor Base: sub. that can remove proton from acid Proton acceptor
26 Conjugate acid Conjugate base Conjugate acid-base pair Conjugate acid-base pair
27
28 ph and poh ph: Measure of the acidity of solution Concentration of H3O+ ions per mol/l in a solution ph [ H O 3 log[ H O ] 10 3 ph ] poh: Measure of the bascisty of solution Concentration of OH- ions per mol/l in a solution poh log[ OH ] [ OH ] 10 poh
29 Ionization constant of water ph of water is 7.why? [ H O 3 ] [ OH ] 1.0x10 7 mol / L 2H O 2 ( l ) H O 3 ( aq) OH ( aq) K w [ H O 3 ][ OH ] Kw : [H3O+] [OH-] Ionization constant of water Conc. of hydronioum ion (mol/l) Conc. of hydroxide ion (mol/l
30 Kw always equals 1.0 x 25 C [ H O 3 ] [ OH ] 1.0x10 7 mol / L K K w w [1.0 x10 1.0x ][1.0 x10 7 ] Using this logic, at any given moment, knowing either the ph or poh, you can calculate the number of hydronium or hydroxide ions
31 Acidity and Basicity Constants Indicates the strength of the acid or base at equilibrium Weaker acid/base smaller value of acidity/basicity constants HA K a ( aq) H2O( l) H3O( aq) A( aq) Ka /Kb : [H3O+]/ [OH-] : [HA]/[B]: [A-]/[HB+]: [ 3 H O ][ A [ HA] ] B ( aq) H2O( l) HB( aq) OH( aq) K b [ HB ][ OH [ B] Acidity/Basicity constant Conc. of hydronioum/ hydroxide ion (mol/l) Conc. of un-dissociated acid/base (mol/l) Conc. of conjugate base/acid (mol/l) ]
32 Solubility Product Constant Similar stories to Ionization Constant But talking about salts dissolving now! X n Y m( s) nx ( aq) my ( aq) K sp [ X ] n [ Y ] m Ksp: Solubility product constant [X+], [Y-] : Conc. of ions (mol/l) n, m: Coeff of each ions in balanced equ
Revision Notes on Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium
Revision Notes on Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium Equilibrium Equilibrium is the state of a process in which the properties like temperature, pressure, and concentration etc of the system do not show any
More informationb t u t sta t y con o s n ta t nt
Reversible Reactions & Equilibrium Reversible Reactions Reactions are spontaneous if G G is negative. 2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2H 2 O(g) + energy If G G is positive the reaction happens in the opposite direction.
More informationChemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium Many reactions are reversible, i.e. they can occur in either direction. A + B AB or AB A + B The point reached in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction (product
More informationDefinitions. Acids give off Hydrogen ions (protons) Bases give off hydroxide ions
Acids and Bases Arrhenius- Definitions Acids give off Hydrogen ions (protons) Bases give off hydroxide ions This definition did not include enough acids but does explain many. Brønsted-Lowry Acids are
More informationChemical Equilibrium. Many reactions are, i.e. they can occur in either direction. A + B AB or AB A + B
Chemical Equilibrium Many reactions are, i.e. they can occur in either direction. A + B AB or AB A + B The point reached in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction (product formation,
More informationChemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium Equilibrium Constants For a generic chemical reaction, the equilibrium constant is defined as: aa + bb cc + dd (1) The equilibrium constant, K eq, for a chemical reaction indicates
More informationWhat is happening in a system at equilibrium? How do scientists predict shifts in the equilibrium of a system?
Equilibrium in Chemical Reactions. (15% of Chemistry 30) What is happening in a system at equilibrium? How do scientists predict shifts in the equilibrium of a system? Key Concepts chemical equilibrium
More informationLesmahagow High School AHChemistry Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Lesmahagow High School CfE Advanced Higher Chemistry
Lesmahagow High School CfE Advanced Higher Chemistry Unit 1 Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Chemical Equilibrium 1 Dynamic Equilibrium Revision Dynamic equilibrium happens in a closed system when the
More informationACID BASE EQUILIBRIUM
ACID BASE EQUILIBRIUM Part one: Acid/Base Theories Learning Goals: to identify acids and bases and their conjugates according to Arrhenius and Bronstead Lowry Theories. to be able to identify amphoteric
More informationDr. Zellmer Chemistry 1220 Monday Time: 18 mins Spring Semester 2019 February 11, 2019 Quiz IV. Name KEY Rec. TA/time. 0 mol gas 2 mol gas
Dr. Zellmer Chemistry 1220 Monday Time: 18 mins Spring Semester 2019 February 11, 2019 Quiz IV Name KEY Rec. TA/time 1. (9 pts) For the following reaction answer the questions below. NH 4 HS (s) W NH 3
More informationAcids and bases. for it cannot be But I am pigeon-liver d and lack gall To make oppression bitter Hamlet. Different concepts Calculations and scales
Acids and bases for it cannot be But I am pigeon-liver d and lack gall To make oppression bitter Hamlet Different concepts Calculations and scales Learning objectives You will be able to: Identify acids
More informationUnit 11: Equilibrium / Acids & Bases Text Questions from Corwin
Unit 11: Equilibrium / Acids & Bases Name: KEY Text Questions from Corwin 16.3 1. How can a reversible reaction proceed? spontaneously in both the forward and reverse directions 2. When is a reversible
More information8. Draw Lewis structures and determine molecular geometry based on VSEPR Theory
Chemistry Grade 12 Outcomes 1 Quantum Chemistry and Atomic Structure Unit I 1. Perform calculations on wavelength, frequency and energy. 2. Have an understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum. 3. Relate
More informationChem 40S Notes: Indicators What makes an acid/base strong?
Chem 40S Notes: Indicators What makes an acid/base strong? What makes an acid or base strong? Complete dissociation into separate ions. HCl à H + + Cl - Meaning that all of HCl will be dissociated into
More informationChem 40S Notes: Indicators What makes an acid/base strong?
Chem 40S Notes: Indicators What makes an acid/base strong? Indicators There are many different types of indicators to indicate the acidity of a solution 1) Litmus and ph paper - Litmus only tells us if
More informationDr. Zellmer Chemistry 1220 Wednesday Time: 18 mins Spring Semester 2019 February 13, 2019 Quiz IV. Name KEY Rec. TA/time. 2 mol gas 0 mol gas
Dr. Zellmer Chemistry 1220 Wednesday Time: 18 mins Spring Semester 2019 February 13, 2019 Quiz IV Name KEY Rec. TA/time 1. (9 pts) For the following reaction answer the questions below. PH 3 (g) + BCl
More informationChemical Equilibrium. Professor Bice Martincigh. Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium by Professor Bice Martincigh Equilibrium involves reversible reactions Some reactions appear to go only in one direction are said to go to completion. indicated by All reactions are
More informationChapters 10 and 11 Practice MC
Chapters 10 and 11 Practice MC Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. d 1. Which of the following best describes the rates of chemical reaction?
More informationDynamic equilibrium: rate of evaporation = rate of condensation II. In a closed system a solid obtains a dynamic equilibrium with its dissolved state
CHEMISTRY 111 LECTURE EXAM III Material PART 1 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Chapter 14 I Dynamic Equilibrium I. In a closed system a liquid obtains a dynamic equilibrium with its vapor state Dynamic equilibrium:
More informationChapter 16: Acids and Bases I. Chem 102 Dr. Eloranta
Chapter 16: Acids and Bases I Chem 102 Dr. Eloranta Acids and Bases Acids Sour taste (vinegar) Dissolve many metals Ability to neutralize bases Strong or Weak Bases Bitter taste (caffeine, poisons from
More informationEdexcel Chemistry A-level Topic 12 - Acid-Base Equilibria
Edexcel Chemistry A-level Topic 12 - Acid-Base Equilibria Flashcards Define a Bronsted-Lowry acid Define a Bronsted-Lowry acid Proton donor Define a Bronsted-Lowry base Define a Bronsted-Lowry base Proton
More informationChapter 16 - Acids and Bases
Chapter 16 - Acids and Bases 16.1 Acids and Bases: The Brønsted Lowry Model 16.2 ph and the Autoionization of Water 16.3 Calculations Involving ph, K a and K b 16.4 Polyprotic Acids 16.1 Acids and Bases:
More informationIonic Equilibria. weak acids and bases. salts of weak acids and bases. buffer solutions. solubility of slightly soluble salts
Ionic Equilibria weak acids and bases salts of weak acids and bases buffer solutions solubility of slightly soluble salts Arrhenius Definitions produce H + ions in the solution strong acids ionize completely
More informationCommon Ion Effect. Segue to Acid-Base Chemistry
Common Ion Effect common ion effect: addition of an ion already present in a solution at equilibrium results in the equilibrium position shifting away from producing more of that ion. HgI 2 (s) º Hg 2+
More informationSpecific Curriculum Outcomes (updated September 18, 2016)
1 Chemistry 12 Specific Curriculum Outcomes (updated September 18, 2016) Unit A: Thermochemistry Overview: In this unit, students study energy as it relates to chemical changes and quantify the energy
More information8.1 Explaining the Properties of Acids & Bases. SCH4U - Chemistry, Gr. 12, University Prep
8.1 Explaining the Properties of Acids & Bases SCH4U - Chemistry, Gr. 12, University Prep Equilibrium & Acids & Bases 2 So far, we have looked at equilibrium of general chemical systems: We learned about
More informationChapter 10 - Acids & Bases
Chapter 10 - Acids & Bases 10.1-Acids & Bases: Definitions Arrhenius Definitions Acids: substances that produce hydrogen ions when dissolved in H 2 O Common Strong Acids: Common Weak acids: Organic carboxylic
More informationChapter 15 - Acids and Bases Fundamental Concepts
Chapter 15 - Acids and Bases Fundamental Concepts Acids and Bases: Basic Definitions Properties of Acids Sour Taste React with active metals (Al, Zn, Fe) to yield H 2 gas: Corrosive React with carbonates
More informationProperties of Acids. Base Chemistry. Properties of Bases. Three Acid and Base Theories. 1) Arrhenius Theory. May 09, Naming Acids Review
May 09, 2013 Properties of Acids AcidAcid Base Chemistry Base Chemistry Taste sour Are strong or weak electrolytes React with bases to form water and salts React with active metals to produce H2 Turn litmus
More informationChapter 12: Chemical Equilibrium The Extent of Chemical Reactions
Chapter 12: Chemical Equilibrium The Extent of Chemical Reactions When a system reaches equilibrium, the [products] and [reactants] remain constant. A + B C + D [5M] [2M] [3M] [1.5M] Rate fwd = Rate rev
More informationChemistry 40S Acid-Base Equilibrium (This unit has been adapted from
Chemistry 40S Acid-Base Equilibrium (This unit has been adapted from https://bblearn.merlin.mb.ca) Name: 1 Lesson 1: Defining Acids and Bases Goals: Outline the historical development of acid base theories.
More informationChem 105 Tuesday March 8, Chapter 17. Acids and Bases
Chem 105 Tuesday March 8, 2011 Chapter 17. Acids and Bases 1) Define Brønsted Acid and Brønsted Base 2) Proton (H + ) transfer reactions: conjugate acid-base pairs 3) Water and other amphiprotic substances
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which one of the following is the weakest acid? 1) A) HF (Ka = 6.8 10-4) B) HNO2 (Ka
More informationCHEMISTRY Matter and Change
CHEMISTRY Matter and Change UNIT 18 Table Of Contents Section 18.1 Introduction to Acids and Bases Unit 18: Acids and Bases Section 18.2 Section 18.3 Section 18.4 Strengths of Acids and Bases Hydrogen
More informationChapter 9 Aqueous Solutions and Chemical Equilibria
Chapter 9 Aqueous Solutions and Chemical Equilibria At equilibrium, the rate of a forward process or reaction and that of the reverse process are equal. 9A The chemical composition of aqueous solutions
More informationChapter 10. Acids, Bases, and Salts
Chapter 10 Acids, Bases, and Salts Topics we ll be looking at in this chapter Arrhenius theory of acids and bases Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory Mono-, di- and tri-protic acids Strengths of acids and
More informationReview: Acid-Base Chemistry. Title
Review: Acid-Base Chemistry Title Basics General properties of acids & bases Balance neutralization equations SA + SB water + salt Arrhenius vs. Bronsted-Lowry BL plays doubles tennis match with H+) Identify
More informationAcids and Bases. Feb 28 4:40 PM
Acids and Bases H O s O Cl H O O H H N H Na O H H Feb 28 4:40 PM Properties of Acids 1. Taste sour 2. Conduct electrical current 3. Liberate H 2 gas when reacted with a metal. 4. Cause certain dyes to
More informationAcids and bases, as we use them in the lab, are usually aqueous solutions. Ex: when we talk about hydrochloric acid, it is actually hydrogen chloride
Acids and Bases Acids and bases, as we use them in the lab, are usually aqueous solutions. Ex: when we talk about hydrochloric acid, it is actually hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in water HCl (aq) Concentrated
More informationWe will briefly go over Answer Key
Chem 310 Test 1 12-15 % of Grade (I ll decide later) Tests will be returned no later than 1 week after taken Reminder on regrades We will briefly go over Answer Key Oops forgot to do this!! So answer
More informationEquilibrium. What is equilibrium? Hebden Unit 2 (page 37 69) Dynamic Equilibrium
Equilibrium What is equilibrium? Hebden Unit (page 37 69) Dynamic Equilibrium Hebden Unit (page 37 69) Experiments show that most reactions, when carried out in a closed system, do NOT undergo complete
More informationChemical Equilibrium. What is the standard state for solutes? a) 1.00 b) 1 M c) 100% What is the standard state for gases? a) 1 bar b) 1.
Chemical Equilibrium Equilibrium constant for the reaction: aa + bb + cc + dd + [C ] c [D ] d... equilibrium constant K = [ A] a [B ] b... [] = concentration relative to standard state molarity (M): for
More information1301 Dynamic Equilibrium, Keq,
1301 Dynamic Equilibrium, Keq, and the Mass Action Expression The Equilibrium Process Dr. Fred Omega Garces Chemistry 111 Miramar College 1 Equilibrium Concept of Equilibrium & Mass Action Expression Extent
More informationChapter 12: Chemical Equilibrium The Extent of Chemical Reactions
Chapter 12: Chemical Equilibrium The Extent of Chemical Reactions When a system reaches equilibrium, the [products] and [reactants] remain constant. A + B C + D [5M] [2M] [3M] [1.5M] Rate fwd = Rate rev
More informationAcid Base Equilibria
Acid Base Equilibria Critical for most aqueous chemistry (if you ve missed it biochemistry is mostly aqueous chemistry) H2O(l) H + (aq) + OH - (aq) For this reaction which has a higher entropy? H2O(l)
More informationCHM 1046 FINAL REVIEW
CHM 1046 FINAL REVIEW Prepared & Presented By: Marian Ayoub PART II Chapter Description 14 Chemical Equilibrium 15 Acids and Bases 16 Acid-Base Equilibrium 17 Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibrium 19
More informationSect 7.1 Chemical Systems in Balance HMWK: Read pages
SCH 4UI Unit 4 Chemical Systems and Equilibrium Chapter 7 Chemical Equilibrium Sect 7.1 Chemical Systems in Balance HMWK: Read pages 420-424 *Some reactions are reversible, ie not all reactions are as
More informationChemistry 400 Homework #3, Chapter 16: Acid-Base Equilibria
Chemistry 400 Homework #3, Chapter 16: Acid-Base Equilibria I. Multiple Choice (for those with an asterisk, you must show work) These multiple choice (MC) are not "Google-proof", but they were so good
More informationChapter 17. Equilibrium
Chapter 17 Equilibrium collision model (17.1) Chapter 17 Review p.541 Key Terms activation energy (Ea) (17.) catalyst (17.) enzyme (17.) equilibrium (17.3) Chemical equilibrium (17.3) law of chemical equilibrium
More informationIntroduction to Acids & Bases. Packet #26
Introduction to Acids & Bases Packet #26 Review I Svante Arrhenius was the first person to recognize the essential nature of acids and bases. Review II Arrhenius postulated that: Acids produce hydrogen
More informationChapter 9. Aqueous Solutions and Chemical Equilibria
Chapter 9 Aqueous Solutions and Chemical Equilibria Classifying Solutions of Electrolytes Electrolytes form ions when dissolved in solvent and thus produce solutions that conduct electricity. Strong electrolytesionize
More informationChemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium THE NATURE OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Reversible Reactions In theory, every reaction can continue in two directions, forward and reverse Reversible reaction! chemical reaction in which
More information1 A. That the reaction is endothermic when proceeding in the left to right direction as written.
1 Q. If Δ r H is positive, what can you say about the reaction? 1 A. That the reaction is endothermic when proceeding in the left to right direction as written. 2 Q If Δ r H is negative, what can you say
More informationGASEOUS EQUILIBRIUM CH. 12 EQUILIBRIUM
EQUILIBRIUM I. EQUILIBRIUM IS REACHED WHEN BOTH THE FORWARD AND REVERSE REACTIONS ARE OCCURRING AT THE SAME RATE. A. DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM: BOTH REACTIONS ARE STILL OCCURRING BUT THE CONCENTRATION OF REACTANTS
More informationA is capable of donating one or more H+
Slide 1 / 48 1 According to the Arrhenius concept, an acid is a substance that. A is capable of donating one or more H+ B C D E causes an increase in the concentration of H+ in aqueous solutions can accept
More informationRecognizing Equilibrium
Chemical Systems and Equilibrium Page 1 Recognizing Equilibrium Formulas & Theorems Covered Today: Defining Equilibrium Conditions for Equilibrium Homework: Notes: Recognizing Equilibrium You have learned
More informationAcid and Bases. Physical Properties. Chemical Properties. Indicators. Corrosive when concentrated. Corrosive when concentrated.
Physical Properties Acid and Bases Chemistry 30 Acids Corrosive when concentrated Have a sour taste Bases Corrosive when concentrated Have a bitter taste Often have a sharp odour Chemical Properties Indicators
More informationCHAPTER-7 EQUILIBRIUM ONE MARK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS. CHAPTER WEIGHTAGE: 13
CHAPTER-7 EQUILIBRIUM ONE MARK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS. CHAPTER WEIGHTAGE: 13 1.What is a reversible reaction? Ans. The reaction in which both forward and backward reaction takes place simultaneously is
More informationAcids and Bases. A strong base is a substance that completely ionizes in aqueous solutions to give a cation and a hydroxide ion.
Acid-Base Theories Arrhenius Acids and Bases (1884) Acids and Bases An acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydrogen ions. A base is a substance that, when
More informationUnit 2 Acids and Bases
Unit 2 Acids and Bases 1 Topics Properties / Operational Definitions Acid-Base Theories ph & poh calculations Equilibria (Kw, K a, K b ) Indicators Titrations STSE: Acids Around Us 2 Operational Definitions
More informationDownloaded from
I.I.T.Foundation - XI Chemistry MCQ #10 Time: 45 min Student's Name: Roll No.: Full Marks: 90 Solutions I. MCQ - Choose Appropriate Alternative 1. Molarity is the number of moles of a solute dissolved
More informationAP Chemistry Study Guide 8 v Stomach acid and heartburn Ø The cells that line your stomach produce hydrochloric acid To kill unwanted bacteria To
AP Chemistry Study Guide 8 v Stomach acid and heartburn Ø The cells that line your stomach produce hydrochloric acid To kill unwanted bacteria To help break down food To activate enzymes to break down
More informationChapter 15. Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 15. Chemical Equilibrium 15.1 The Concept of Equilibrium Consider colorless frozen N 2 O 4. At room temperature, it decomposes to brown NO 2. N 2 O 4 (g) 2NO 2 (g) At some time, the color stops
More informationThe Chemistry of Acids and Bases Separately Chapter 14 Part I
Page III-14a-1 / Chapter Fourteen Part I Lecture Notes The Chemistry of Acids and Bases Separately Chapter 14 Part I Strong and Weak Acids/Bases Generally divide acids and bases into STRONG or WEAK categories.
More informationChapter 18. Reversible Reactions. A chemical reaction in which the products can react to re-form the reactants is called a reversible reaction.
Section 1 The Nature of Chemical Equilibrium Reversible Reactions A chemical reaction in which the products can react to re-form the reactants is called a reversible reaction. Section 1 The Nature of Chemical
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction is to. A) increase the entropy change
More informationCHAPTER 8 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM TEXT BOOK EXERCISE Q1. Multiple Choice questions (i) For which system does the equilibrium constant, K c has units of (concentration) -1 (a) N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 (b) H 2 + I
More informationChemistry 12 - Learning Outcomes
Chemistry 12 - Learning Outcomes A: Chapt 1. Reaction Kinetics - (Introduction) A1. give examples of reactions proceeding at different rates A2. describe rate in terms of some quantity (produced or consumed)
More informationAcids, Bases and Salts. Chapters 19
Acids, Bases and Salts Chapters 19 Acid - Base Theories Section 19.1 What are common examples of acids and bases? What properties do you know about acids and bases? Arrhenius acids In 1887 A swedish Chemist,
More information2 EQUILIBRIUM 2.1 WHAT IS EQUILIBRIUM? 2.2 WHEN IS A SYSTEM AT EQUILIBRIUM? 2.3 THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT
2 EQUILIBRIUM 2.1 WHAT IS EQUILIBRIUM? In general terms equilibrium implies a situation that is unchanging or steady. This is generally achieved through a balance of opposing forces. In chemistry equilibrium
More information5.1 Module 1: Rates, Equilibrium and ph
5.1 Module 1: Rates, Equilibrium and ph 5.1.1 How Fast? The rate of reaction is defined as the change in concentration of a substance in unit time Its usual unit is mol dm 3 s 1 When a graph of concentration
More information[H + ] OH - Base contains more OH - than H + [OH - ] Neutral solutions contain equal amounts of OH - and H + Self-ionization of Water
19.1 Acids & Bases 1. Compare and contrast the properties of acids & bases. 2. Describe the self-ionization of water & the concept of K w. 3. Differentiate between the Arhennius & Bronsted-Lowry models
More informationEQUILIBRIUM GENERAL CONCEPTS
017-11-09 WHEN THE REACTION IS IN EQUILIBRIUM EQUILIBRIUM GENERAL CONCEPTS The concentrations of all species remain constant over time, but both the forward and reverse reaction never cease When a system
More informationKinetics/ Reaction Rates
Reaction Rates Kinetics/ Reaction Rates Expressing Reaction Rate Collision Theory 1) Chapter 17 2) 3) Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School; Plymouth, MN Reaction Rates activated complex Factors Affecting Reaction
More informationChemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium Ch 17 Apr 28 7:40 AM A Reversible reaction is a chemical reaction that can occur in both the forward and the reverse directions N 2 (g) + 3 H 2 (g) 2NH3(g) Apr 16 1:21 PM 1 Equilibrium
More information15/04/2018 EQUILIBRIUM- GENERAL CONCEPTS
15/04/018 EQUILIBRIUM- GENERAL CONCEPTS When a system is at equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions are proceeding at the same rate. The concentrations of all species remain constant over time,
More informationEquilibrium Practice Test
Equilibrium Practice Test Name: ANSWERS Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. (20 marks) 60 /60 1. Equilibrium happens when. a. opposing
More informationPart A: Multiple Choice (23 marks total)
Part A: Multiple Choice (23 marks total) Use the answer sheet found at the end of this examination to answer the multiple-choice questions in this section. Shade in the circle that corresponds to your
More informationThe 5 th planet in our solar system, Jupiter. The Mass Action Expression describes a system undergoing a chemical change.
Unit 5 The 5 th planet in our solar system, Jupiter Ch. 15 Chemical equilibrium: This is based on the idea that reactions go forwards and backwards at the same conditions The Mass Action Expression describes
More informationAcids, Bases and ph Preliminary Course. Steffi Thomas 14/09/2017
Acids, Bases and ph Preliminary Course Steffi Thomas ssthomas@tcd.ie 14/09/2017 Outline What are acids and bases? Can we provide a general definition of acid and base? How can we quantify acidity and basicity?
More informationMolecular Definitions of Acids and Bases: H 2 O (l)
Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases: Arrhenius Definition: An acid produces hydrogen ions (H + ) in an aqueous solution. For example: Consider hydrochloric acid, HCl, which when dissolved in water
More informationAQA Chemistry A-Level : Acids and Bases
AQA Chemistry A-Level 3.1.12: Acids and Bases Detailed Notes 3.1.12.1 - Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Acid-base equilibria involve the transfer of protons between substances. Therefore substances can
More information*In every acid-base reaction, equilibrium favors transfer of a proton from the stronger acid to the stronger base.
16.2 Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases An acid is a substance that can transfer a proton to another substance. A base is a substance that can accept a proton. A proton is a hydrogen ion, H +. Proton transfer
More informationSection 32 Acids and Bases. Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved.
Section 32 Acids and Bases 1 Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved. Acid-Base Concepts Acids and bases are among the most familiar and important of all chemical compounds. You
More informationWhat is an acid? What is a base?
What is an acid? What is a base? Properties of an acid Sour taste Turns litmus paper red Conducts electric current Some acids are strong and some are weak Properties of a base Bitter taste Slippery to
More informationKc is calculated for homogeneous reactions using the concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium:
Chemical Equilibrium Dynamic Equilibrium A dynamic equilibrium exists in a closed system when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. When a dynamic equilibrium is
More informationCHEM Dr. Babb s Sections Lecture Problem Sheets
CHEM 116 - Dr. Babb s Sections Lecture Problem Sheets Kinetics: Integrated Form of Rate Law 61. Give the integrated form of a zeroth order reaction. Define the half-life and find the halflife for a general
More informationReaction Rates & Equilibrium. What determines how fast a reaction takes place? What determines the extent of a reaction?
Reaction Rates & Equilibrium What determines how fast a reaction takes place? What determines the extent of a reaction? Reactants Products 1 Reaction Rates Vary TNT exploding. A car rusting. Dead plants
More informationACIDS AND BASES. for it cannot be But I am pigeon-liver d and lack gall To make oppression bitter Hamlet
ACIDS AND BASES for it cannot be But I am pigeon-liver d and lack gall To make oppression bitter Hamlet Learning objectives Name and write formulae for common acids and bases Describe acids and bases according
More informationAcid-Base Equilibria (Chapter 10.) Problems: 2,3,6,13,16,18,21,30,31,33
Acid-Base Equilibria (Chapter 10.) Problems: 2,3,6,13,16,18,21,30,31,33 Review acid-base theory and titrations. For all titrations, at the equivalence point, the two reactants have completely reacted with
More informationChemical Equilibrium Chapter 6
Chemical Equilibrium Chapter 6 "When a system is in chemical equilibrium, a change in one of the parameters of the equilibrium produces a shift in such a direction that, were no other factors involved
More informationCh. 17 Applications of Aqueous Equilibria: Buffers and Titrations
Ch. 17 Applications of Aqueous Equilibria: Buffers and Titrations Sec 1 The Common-Ion Effect: The dissociation of a weak electrolyte decreases when a strong electrolyte that has an ion in common with
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 16. Acid Base Equilibria. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Presentation Chapter 16 Acid Base Equilibria John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Some Definitions Arrhenius An acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water, increases
More informationAcid-Base Chemistry & Organic Compounds. Chapter 2
Acid-Base Chemistry & Organic Compounds Chapter 2 Brønsted Lowry Acids & Bases! Brønsted-Lowry Acid: Proton (H + ) Donor! Brønsted-Lowry Base: Proton (H + ) Acceptor! General reaction: HA + B: A - + BH
More informationChemistry 12 UNIT 4 ACIDS AND BASES
Chemistry 12 UNIT 4 ACIDS AND BASES CHAPTER 9 and 10 Recall the definitions from Unit 3: Strong electrolyte Strong electrolytic solution Weak electrolyte Weak electrolytic solution Non - electrolyte Acids
More informationStrong Acids and Bases C020
Strong Acids and Bases C020 Strong Acids and Bases 1 Before discussing acids and bases examine the concept of chemical equilibrium At reaction is at equilibrium when it is proceeding forward and backwards
More informationGeneral Chemistry II CHM 1046 E Exam 2
General Chemistry II CHM 1046 E Exam 2 Dr. Shanbhag Name: 1. The formation of ammonia from elemental nitrogen and hydrogen is an exothermic process. N 2 (g) + 3 H 2 (g) 2 NH 3 (g) H= -92.2 kj Which of
More informationChem 116 POGIL Worksheet - Week 9 Equilibrium Continued Introduction to Acid-Base Concepts
Chem 116 POGIL Worksheet - Week 9 Equilibrium Continued Introduction to Acid-Base Concepts Why? When a reaction reaches equilibrium we can calculate the concentrations of all species, both reactants and
More informationChapter 16. Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten
Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 16 John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Some Definitions Arrhenius
More informationCHAPTER 7 Acid Base Equilibria
1 CHAPTER 7 Acid Base Equilibria Learning Objectives Acid base theories Acid base equilibria in water Weak acids and bases Salts of weak acids and bases Buffers Logarithmic concentration diagrams 2 ACID
More information