Overview of Selected NETL Research

Transcription

1 Overview of Selected NETL Research Office of Research and Development Geological and Environmental Systems Dustin L. McIntyre, PhD National Energy Technology Laboratory Office of Fossil Energy September 18, 2009

2 Outline Brief Overview of NETL and ongoing research efforts X-ray CT scanning CO2 sequestration research Recent Work GeoX2010 model optimization Recent Work ARMA Powder River Basin Coal Current Work Carbonated brine flow in fractures Future Work CO2 soluble surfactants, EOR New Industrial CT scanner facility Opportunities at NETL 2 Paper # FEDSM

3 3 Paper # FEDSM

4 4 Paper # FEDSM

5 Secretary of Energy Visit 2005 Secretary of Energy Sam Bodman 5 Paper # FEDSM

6 Secretary of Energy Visit 2010 West Virginia Senator Jay Rockefeller Secretary of Energy Steven Chu 6 Paper # FEDSM

7 NETL s Office of Research & Development Tackling important national energy problems CO 2 management, energy security, advanced fuels development, hydrogen technology, hybrid cycles, mercury capture, hydrates Capitalizing on unique facilities and capabilities History dates to early 1900 s Achieving breakthrough science- Computational science and application, hydrogen technologies, combustion science and engineering, sequestration mechanisms Achieving technology successes R&D 100 awards, technology transfer awards, publications, licenses, etc. 7

8 8 Research and Development Focus Areas

9 X-ray CT Scanning Nondestructive Experiments at Temperature and Pressure Identification of Areas of Interest Post Mortem Confocal Laser Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Thin Sectioning Proximate Analysis Visualization Segmentation Time Studies Surfaces and Videos Digitization for Numerical Analysis 9 Paper # FEDSM

10 X-ray CT Scanning Carbon Sequestration Unmineable Coal Seams Combined Coalbed Methane Combined EOR Brine Reservoirs Natural Seal Integrity Wellbore Seal Integrity 10 Paper # FEDSM

11 Production from coal can be a complex process. Flow through coal is defined in large part by the cleat network. Methane sorbed on the coal is released by decreasing pressure. Water needs to be moved out of cleats before gas can flow. CO 2 injection causes reverse process (adsorption instead of desorption. SORPTION DIFFUSION ADVECTION 11

12 How much CO 2 can be stored (and methane removed)? Sorption is typically considered to follow a Langmuir isotherm. The gas pressure in the coal seam determines how much is sorbed to the coal. CO 2 is preferentially sorbed to coal, compared to methane. 12

13 Computed Tomography Scanning of Coal Computed Tomography 2D X-ray images reconstructed to generate 3D volumes. Porosity, Permeability, Swelling Preferential Sorption CT slices show density variations of coal core 13

14 Changes due to confining pressure Visualization Fractures Density Variations Saturation Deformation Most important effect is on permeability Most important coal properties for shrinkage and swelling: Porosity (f) Young s modulus (E) Poisson s ratio (n) 14

15 Visualize Flow within Sandstone Visualization Preferential Flow Saturation Porosity Permeability 15

16 Image Processing of Marcellus Shale Grey scale CT slices 17 CT slices with false coloring Three-dimensional reconstruction

17 Multi-scale & Multi-phase CT Scanning Image Processing and Micro-Scale CFD Reservoir-Scale Implementation Develop Flow Relationships 19

18 CT Scanning and Flow Simulations GeoX 2010, 3 rd International Workshop on X-ray CT for Geomaterials, March 1-3, 2010, New Orleans Vary Roughness by Resampling Vary Aperture by Resizing Model Refinement Model Minimization and Optimization Computational Complexity Time Cost 20 Paper # FEDSM

19 CT Scanning and Flow Simulations 21 Paper # FEDSM

20 CT Scanning and Flow Simulations JRC provides a more linear relationship than the Fractal Dimension 22 Paper # FEDSM

21 CT Scanning and Flow Simulations T follows cubic relationship fairly well above 0.7mm aperture 23 Paper # FEDSM

22 44 th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium Mechanical Properties, Flow Properties, and Heterogeneous CO2 Sorption in Confined Powder River Coal Cores Salt Lake City Utah, June 27-30, 2010 Sorption as a function of confining stress Long term sorption Permeability as a function of confining stress Mechanical Strength as a function of sorption Model manipulation and optimization 24 Paper # FEDSM

23 Computed Tomography Analysis of Alterations in Fractured Caprock Resulting from CO2- acidified Brine Brian R. Ellis NETL Seal Integrity Group Meeting August 10, 2010 September 18, 2009

24 Motivation Predict impact on seal integrity due to vertical leakage of CO 2 -acidified brine Better understand conditions that will lead to selfsealing or continued dissolution 26

25 Site Selection Michigan MRCSP Injection Well CO 2 inj. well Amherstburg Injection Formation Secondary Seal: Fine-grained LS/DS Bass Island Bois Blanc Injection Formation: Dolostone Primary Seal: Cherty Dolostone 27

26 Sample Preparation 1 diameter, vertical core subsample taken from injection well core Core fracture was artificially induced 28

27 29 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

28 BP R Pressure transducer Pressure gauge ph probe Check valve Experimental Design 2-way shut-off valve Thermocouple H 2 O or Oil Brine CO 2 ISCO Pump ISC O Pum p CO 2 vent 15 psi Gas/Liqui d Separator 1450 psi 30

29 Confining pressure and injection pumps BPR, L/G separator and union cross for ph probes Mixing Vessel at 30 angle to increase surface area contact Core holder inlet side 31

30 CT Scanner CT scanning during active flow-through at temperature and pressure 32

31 Starting Brine Composition Species [mol/l] Na 1.00 x 10 0 Ca 4.63 x 10-2 Mg 1.86 x 10-2 Cl 1.00 x 10 0 SO x 10-2 Sr 1.00 x 10-4 CO 2(aq) 1.07 x 10 0 ph 4.86 Representative of 1 M NaCl brine having previously reacted with injection formation minerals under CO 2 -saturated conditions near equilibrium with Calcite, Dolomite, and Anhydrite 33 Temperature = 40 C CO 2 pressure = 1450 psi Confining pressure = 2000 psi Flow rate = 10 ml min -1

32 34 CT Scanning Results

33 Inlet end of core Day 2 Top 1/3 Medical Scanner CT Resolution = 250 μm Middle 1/3 Bottom 1/3 Day 7 Outlet end of core 35

34 2-D slice of top 1/3 Micro-CT of core Prior Imaging to CO 2 -brine flow 2-D slice of top 1/3 of core After 1 week of CO 2 -brine flow Micro CT Resolution = 27 μm 36

35 2-D slice of middle 1/3 of core Prior to CO 2 -brine flow 2-D slice of middle 1/3 of core After 1 week of CO 2 - brine flow 37

36 2-D slice of bottom 1/3 of core Prior to CO 2 -brine flow 1 mm 2-D slice of bottom 1/3 of core After 1 week of CO 2 - brine flow 2 mm 38

37 Continued Analysis SEM/EDS analysis of sectioned core Sr-substitued calcite precipication? Investigate extent and location of mineral dissolution along fracture pathway ICP-AES analysis of brine effluent Estimation of aperture change over time and the corresponding change in fracture volume 39

38 Acknowledgements Dr. Catherine A. Peters Dr. Grant Brohmal Dr. Dustin McIntyre Dr. Hema Siriwardane Dr. Jinesh Jain Dr. Bob Warzinski Dr. Dustin Crandell Eilis Rosenbaum Bryan Tennant Karl Jarvis Funding Support ORISE Department of Energy Under Award Number DE- FE

39 Future Facilities and Work Microfocus X-ray CT facility 30 x 48 Scanning Envelope 5 micron Resolution (small samples) 225 kv and 320 kv Sources Carbon Sequestration Seal Interaction with Carbonated Brine Natural and Wellbore (Cement) Seals Strength Mineralization Open/Close Pathways 41 Paper # FEDSM

40 Custom Industrial CT Scanner 42 Paper # FEDSM

41 Visualization of Coal 43 Paper # FEDSM

42 Future High Resolution Industrial CT Facility 44 Paper # FEDSM

43 NETL Opportunities Proposal Solicitations through Project Management Center Federal Employee URS Contractor Employee ORISE Student Regional University Alliance (RUA) CMU, PSU, WVU, Pitt, VT Minority Mentoring Internship Program (MMIP) Student Career Experience Program (SCEP) Mickey Leyland Internship Program 45 Paper # FEDSM