Ion and Trace Element Fluid Chemistry in Flowback Waters*
|
|
- Alan Nelson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PS Probing Influence of Reactions between Fracture Fluids and Marcellus Shale on Composition of Major Ion and Trace Element Fluid Chemistry in Flowback Waters* J. exandra Hakala, aig Joseph, Virginia Marcon,2, Tracy ank,3, Sheila Hedges, Thomas R. Malizia 3, Paula Mouser, and Shuai Liu Search and Discovery Article #832 (23)** Posted July 29, 23 *Adapted from poster presentation given at AAPG 23 Annual Convention and Exhibition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 9-22, 23 **AAPG 23 Serial rights given by author. For all or rights contact author directly. nited States Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, SA 2 Department of Geology, niversity of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, SA 3 Department of Geology, niversity of uffalo, uffalo, New York, SA Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State niversity, Columbus, Ohio, SA Abstract Increased natural gas production from shales is due to deployment of hydraulic fracturing technologies. Current practices employ large volumes of water with chemical additives, and result in production of flowback waters that require treatment before reuse or disposal. An understanding of changes in fluid chemistry due to fracturing fluid-shale reactions provides direct input for reservoir design, and may guide development of strategies for managing and disposal of solid and liquid wastes. In this study we investigated Marcellus Shale metal extractability and reactivity with fracturing fluids through bulk extractions, and fracture fluid-shale reactions in high pressure, high temperature autoclave systems. The primary goals for this study are to evaluate role of shalefluid reactions on controlling flowback water chemistry, and to evaluate potential for metals to be extracted from organic-rich shales under various environmental conditions. Metal extractability studies focused on Marcellus Shale core and outcrop powders and rock chips were performed under different temperature and pressure conditions with a variety of extractants. Reactions between syntic fracturing fluids (designed based on information from FracFocus) and Marcellus Shale core are ongoing in high pressure, high temperature autoclave systems to evaluate changes to both trace element and total dissolved solids composition of fluid, and changes to rock morphology and mineralogy, over time. Experimental results will be used to identify primary solid phases controlling changes to fluid chemistry. Our results to date show that, despite no statistical differences in trace metal concentrations in core and outcrop samples, extractability varies as a function of sample type and, generally, metal extractability is higher in outcrop samples. For example, in batch extractions using powdered
2 rock samples extractability of by oxidation of organic matter with H 2 O 2 is higher in outcrops (~%) compared to cores (~%). For our rocking autoclave experiments, we anticipate that reactions between syntic fracturing fluid and natural carbonate and clay minerals present in our samples will result in observable geochemical changes. Ongoing studies will ) determine rate of metal leaching and influence of increased surface area on metal extractability, and 2) identify primary reactions that occur between fracturing fluids and shales.
3 Total Trace Elements in Marcellus Shale Samples Core Outcrop.. Metal concentrations for 2 core (left) and outcrop (right) samples. Data points represent average for each sample set, with value ranges representing standard deviation for each set. Trace metal analyses were performed on samples ground to finer than 25µm. Samples were analyzed using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analyses (INAA) at Activation Laboratories in Ancaster, Ontario. Trace Elements Extracted by Saline Solutions (enchtop) Limited metal mobilization Outcrop H 2 O Core H 2 O observed between weakly saline solutions and shales. Concentration (ppb) Outcrop CaCl 2 Core CaCl 2 Outcrop NaCl Core NaCl Low a concentrations measured due to formation of precipitates that settled. Extraction solutions consisted of eir: deionized water ( H O ); mm CaCl ; or 2 2 mm NaCl. Each batch extraction was performed at 25 ο C and atm pressure for 2 a Pb Na Mg K Ca V Mn Co Ni Zn As Se Rb Sr Cd Cs Tl months. Supernatant solutions were analyzed for elemental concentrations by ICP-MS. Metal concentrations in supernatant from extractions performed with one Marcellus Shale core sample ( Core ) and one Marcellus Shale outcrop sample ( Outcrop ). Design of Autoclave atch Experiments (Elevated P,T) Purpose: Evaluate metal release and mineral reactions in Marcellus Shales at elevated pressures and temperatures to simulate geochemical reactions that may occur during hydraulic fracturing. Apparatus: Dual-furnace rocking autoclave with flexible gold-titanium reaction cells within steel pressure vessels (Seyfried et al., 987). Parameters: 2: fluid:rock ratio, 275 bars ( psi), 3 o C, 6 days. Geochemical models predicted upper temperature limit for in situ mineral reactions, and experiments were performed at elevated temperature relative to formation conditions in order to drive reaction kinetics. Materials: Syntic brine (designed to mimic natural formation waters) and fracturing fluid (developed based on information collected from Frac Focus). Marcellus Shale cores from 786 ft were ground to 7 µm and combined with polished rock chips.
4 Probing Influence of Reactions between Fracture Fluids and Marcellus Shale on Composition of Major Ion and Trace Element Fluid Chemistry in Flowback Waters J. exandra Hakala, aig Joseph, Virginia Marcon, Tracy ank, Sheila Hedges, Thomas R. Malizia, Paula Mouser, and Shuai Liu,2,3 3 nited States Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, SA 2 Department of Geology, niversity of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, SA 3 Department of Geology, niversity of uffalo, uffalo, New York, SA Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State niversity, Columbus, Ohio, SA Current hydraulic fracturing practices employ large volumes of water with some chemical additives, and also result in production of produced waters that require treatment before reuse or disposal. An understanding of changes in fluid chemistry due to fluid-shale reactions provides direct input for reservoir design, and also may guide development of strategies for recycling, management and disposal of produced waters. In this study we investigated Marcellus Shale metal extractability, and reactivity with fracturing fluids, through bulk extractions and experiments in high-pressure, high-temperature autoclave systems. The primary goals for this study are to evaluate role of shale-fluid reactions on controlling produced water chemistry, and to evaluate potential for metals to be extracted from organic-rich shales under various environmental conditions. Major Elements Released +Fracturing Fluid Na Ca Mg Cl- rso2- HCO Fracturing Fluid ph =.8 phend = 5.3 K. ph = 6.5 phend = 5.9 K Mg Cl SO2- HCO3 2 3 Major cations and anions released during experiments with fracturing fluid ( +Fracturing Fluid ) and a control ( ) at 275 bars and 3oC, measured by ICP-OES, ICP-MS, and ion chromatography. Lines are shown to illustrate trends and do not represent data fits. In situ ph values were calculated using ph and dissolved inorganic carbon measured at STP Reacted. Ti V Mn Co Ni Cu Zn As Sr Mo Ag Cd Sb a Tl Pb Th Trace element concentrations after 5 days of reaction in rocking autoclave show enrichment of most elements in experiment containing fracturing fluid ( +Fracturing Fluid ) relative to control experiment ( ) (bar plot above; table below). only was detected in experiment with fracturing fluid. a and Th are elevated in control experiments. Values in table represent ratio of concentration in experiment with fracturing fluid to concentration in control at ~5 d. FF-only inducates that element only was detected in sample from experiment with fracturing fluid. Concentrations were measured by ICP-MS. Element 7% TIC removed by end of experiment.. Enrichment in Fxperiment with only fracturing fluid relative to control Zn 7.6 Mn Cu 7..2 Ni 2.9 Co 2.7 Cd 2.7 V 2. Pb.7 Ti.5 Sr.5 Mo Sb.5. As.3 Tl.3 Ag. Th.9 a.5 nreacted +Fracturing Fluid - r-.. Ca. Na Changes in Solid Phases Trace Elements in Solution after ~ 5 Days of Reaction with Fracturing Fluids Time series for both experiments show that trace elements with greatest enrichment (> x) in experiments with fracturing fluids approach a steady state within 8 h of starting experiment. Lines are shown to illustrate trends and do not represent data fits. Concentrations were measured by ICP-MS. Reacted + Fracturing Fluid 6% TIC removed by end of experiment SEM images collected for Marcellus Shale samples used for rocking autoclave experimental work. The samples are clay-rich, and contain pyrite and organic matter. Total inorganic carbon concentrations (TIC) indicate dissolution of carbonate minerals during both experiments, with a greater magnitude in experiment with fracturing fluid which also showed evidence of mineral precipitation.
5 Mineral Stability Evaluated by Geochemical Modeling.2.2 arite Calcite Dolomite.6 Anhydrite. Strontanite Pyrite Anhydrite Pyrite Muscovite Nontronite Saponite Kaolinite Muscovite.6 Nontronite Saponite. Quartz Quartz Saturation indices calculated using experimental fluid data (Geochemist s Workbench v 9.) show that after 6 days enough a, and SO2- are present in solution to allow for barite, pyrite and anhydrite precipitation in autoclave experiment with fracturing fluid..8 Kaolinite. Strontanite.6 Dolomite Calcite.2 arite.8.8 +Fracturing Fluid Saturation indices for clay minerals indicate that smectites (swelling clays) are stabilized during experiment, and are dissolved in experiment with fracturing fluids. 6 The presence of sulfur is important for mineral stability during reactions between fracturing fluids and shale Trend towards calcite-dolomite stability for carbonate minerals. Shale+rine Experimental Shale+rine Predicted Shale+rine+Fracturing Fluid Experimental Shale+rine+Fracturing Fluid Predicted Stability relationship for CaO-MgO-CO2 in presence of SO2(activity = -3.5) at 3oC. The arrow indicates general reaction path of fluid. Experimental data are plotted. Acknowledgments This work was performed through Energy Policy Act 25 Complementary Program, Office of Fossil Energy,.S. Department of Energy. X-ray diffraction measurements were performed by ret Howard (NETL). ICP analyses were performed by Neal Julien (RS/NETL). George Schlata, William Walker, and Richard Valdisera (RS/NETL) aided with preparation of autoclave experimental apparatus. Reference to any specific commercial product or service does not constitute or imply endorsement by.s. Government. Trend towards hematite stability for iron minerals, and no change in Eh occurs during experiments. Eh/pH diagram for -SO2--H2O in presence of CO2 (activity -2.62) at 3oC. The arrows indicate general reaction path of fluid. Experimental data are plotted. References Frac Focus Chemical Disclosure Inventory, Seyfried, W.E., Jr., Janecky, D.R., and erndt, M.E. Rocking Autoclaves for Hydrormal Experiments II, The Flexible Reaction-Cell System, in: Hydrormal Experimental Techniques (G.C. lmer, and H.L. arnes, Eds.), pp , John Wiley and Sons, New York (987).
Log Interpretation Parameters Determined by Analysis of Green River Oil Shale Samples: Initial Steps
Log Interpretation Parameters Determined by Analysis of Green River Oil Shale Samples: Initial Steps Michael M. Herron Susan L. Herron Malka Machlus Schlumberger-Doll Research Log Interpretation in Green
More informationClay Control and its Application in Fracture Design. Branden Ruyle Basin Engineering Staff Completions Engineer Consultant
Clay Control and its Application in Fracture Design Branden Ruyle Basin Engineering Staff Completions Engineer Consultant Outline Agenda Characteristics Types of Clays and Mechanism Acidizing Control Additives
More informationEffect of chemical composition to large scale CO 2 Injection in Morrow Sandstone, Farnsworth Hydrocarbon Field, Texas, USA
Effect of chemical composition to large scale CO 2 Injection in Morrow Sandstone, Farnsworth Hydrocarbon Field, Texas, USA Bulbul Ahmmed Martin Appold Department of Geological Sciences University of Missouri-Columbia
More informationChemical Geology (2012) Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect. Chemical Geology
Chemical Geology 322 323 (2012) 223 236 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Chemical Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chemgeo Supercritical carbon dioxide brine rock reactions
More informationpredictive mineral discovery*cooperative Research Centre A legacy for mineral exploration science Mineral Systems Q3 Fluid reservoirs
Mineral Systems Q3 Fluid reservoirs 1 Key Parameter Mineral System Exploration is reflected in scale-dependent translation A. Gradient in hydraulic potential B. Permeability C. Solubility sensitivity to
More informationLecture 15: Adsorption; Soil Acidity
Lecture 15: Adsorption; Soil Acidity Surface Complexation (Your textbook calls this adsorption ) Surface Complexation Both cations and anions can bind to sites on the external surfaces of soil minerals
More informationArsenic and Other Trace Elements in Groundwater in the Southern San Joaquin Valley of California
Arsenic and Other Trace Elements in Groundwater in the Southern San Joaquin Valley of California Dirk Baron Geological Sciences California State University, Bakersfield Trace Element Maximum Contaminant
More informationDetermination of Reservoir Properties from XRF Elemental Data in the Montney Formation
Determination of Reservoir Properties from XRF Elemental Data in the Montney Formation Justin Besplug, Ron Spencer and Tom Weedmark - XRF Solutions - www.xrfsolutions.ca Abstract Portable X-Ray Fluorescence
More informationWEATHERING-CONTROLLED FRACTIONATION OF ORE AND PATHFINDER ELEMENTS AT COBAR, NSW
296 WEATHERING-CONTROLLED FRACTIONATION OF ORE AND PATHFINDER ELEMENTS AT COBAR, NSW Kenneth G. McQueen 1,2 & Dougal C. Munro 1 1 CRC LEME, Department of Geology, Australian National University, ACT, 0200
More informationFate of Radium in Marcellus Shale Flowback Water
Fate of Radium in Marcellus Shale Flowback Water Tieyuan Zhang 1, Daniel Bain 2, Radisav Vidic 1 Civil & Environmental Engineering 1, Geology & Planetary Science 2, University of Pittsburgh Project funding:
More informationDrill Cuttings Analysis: How to Determine the Geology of a Formation and Reservoir
Drill Cuttings Analysis: How to Determine the Geology of a Formation and Reservoir Chuck Stringer ASA Manager Southern Region 2015 TECH MKT_2014-BD-REG-1673 1 The one item that has lacked serious consideration
More informationSUPERCRITICAL CO 2 IN A GRANITE-HOSTED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM: EXPERIMENTAL INSIGHTS INTO MULTIPHASE FLUID-ROCK INTERACTIONS
PROCEEDINGS, Thirty-Seventh Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 30 - February 1, 2012 SGP-TR-194 SUPERCRITICAL CO 2 IN A GRANITE-HOSTED GEOTHERMAL
More informationGroundwater chemistry
Read: Ch. 3, sections 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9; Ch. 7, sections 2, 3 PART 14 Groundwater chemistry Introduction Matter present in water can be divided into three categories: (1) Suspended solids (finest among
More informationSedimentary Rocks and Processes
Sedimentary Rocks and Processes Weathering Sedimentary Processes Breakdown of pre-existing rock by physical and chemical processes Transport Movement of sediments from environments of relatively high potential
More informationWhat monitoring techniques are appropriate and effective for detecting CO2 migration in groundwater: isotope-based monitoring Philippe Négrel
What monitoring techniques are appropriate and effective for detecting CO2 migration in groundwater: isotope-based monitoring Philippe Négrel Acting in complicity with Pauline Humez. Results from Pauline
More informationReporting Category 1: Matter and Energy
Name: Science Teacher: Reporting Category 1: Matter and Energy Atoms Fill in the missing information to summarize what you know about atomic structure. Name of Subatomic Particle Location within the Atom
More informationPreliminary Progress Report. Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Well Cuttings. Prepared for: Gastem USA. Colgate University Department of Geology
Preliminary Progress Report Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Well Cuttings Prepared for: Gastem USA By: Jaclyn Baughman Alison MacNamee Bruce Selleck Colgate University Department of Geology July 30, 2010
More informationCO 2 -water-rock reactivity at hydrothermal temperatures: The BigRig2 experiment
CO 2 -water-rock reactivity at hydrothermal temperatures: The BigRig2 experiment C.A. ROCHELLE 1 *, K. BATEMAN 1, A. LACINSKA 1, D. WAGNER 1, J. LIONS 2 AND I. GAUS 2 1 British Geological Survey, Keyworth,
More informationReporting Category 1: Matter and Energy
Name: Science Teacher: Reporting Category 1: Matter and Energy Atoms 8.5A Fill in the missing information to summarize what you know about atomic structure. Name of Subatomic Particle Location within the
More informationShuichi HATTORI Director, 1st Construction Division, Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency
PAPER Evaluation of Rock Characteristics for Acid Water Drainage from Rock Muck Takehiro OHTA, Dr.. Sci. Senior Researcher, Geology Laboratory, Disaster Prevention Technology Division Hideo KIYA, Dr..
More informationChemistry 31A Autumn 2004 Professors Chidsey & Zare Exam 2 Name:
Chemistry 31A Autumn 2004 Professors Chidsey & Zare Exam 2 Name: SUNetID: @stanford.edu Honor Code Observed: (Signature) Circle your section 9:00am 10:00am 2:15pm 3:15pm 7:00pm 8:00pm S02 OC103 S04 OC103
More informationPotential Geochemical Releases to Groundwater from an In-Situ Oil Shale Retort
Potential Geochemical Releases to Groundwater from an In-Situ Oil Shale Retort Earl D. Mattson 1, Carl D. Palmer 1, Robert B. Perkins 2 1 Idaho National Laboratory, 2 Portland State University www.inl.gov
More informationModelling the Reactivity of Multi-Mineral Systems Application to the Prediction of Copper Heap Leach Drain Down Chemistry
Modelling the Reactivity of Multi-Mineral Systems Application to the Prediction of Copper Heap Leach Drain Down Chemistry David Bird, Julien Declercq and Rob Bowell Outline 1. Introduction 2. Kinetic database
More informationA Regional Diagenetic and Petrophysical Model for the Montney Formation, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin*
A Regional Diagenetic and Petrophysical Model for the Montney Formation, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin* Noga Vaisblat 1, Nicholas B. Harris 1, Vincent Crombez 2, Tristan Euzen 3, Marta Gasparrini 2,
More informationAlkaline Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Experimental Simulation of CO 2 -Peridotite-Seawater Reactions
Alkaline Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Experimental Simulation of CO 2 -Peridotite-Seawater Reactions Thomas M. Carpenter John P. Kaszuba Melissa Fittipaldo Michael Rearick Los Alamos National Laboratory
More information1 st shell holds 2 electrons. 2 nd shell holds 8 electrons
ATOM INDIVISIBLE ELEMENTS - Nucleus = protons (+ charge) & neutrons (no charge ) - Electrons (- charge) orbit the nucleus in shells of 2, 8, 8 electrons (inner orbit outward) - Atomic number = number of
More informationImproved Cased-hole Formation Evaluation: The Added Value of High Definition Spectroscopy Measurement
Improved Cased-hole Formation Evaluation: The Added Value of High Definition Spectroscopy Measurement MAGNESIUM CARBONATE MAGNESIUM CLAY TYPING ALUMINIUM IN-SITU TOC COMPLEX MINERALS Chiara Cavalleri,
More informationPriority Pollutants in Untreated and Treated Discharges from Coal Mines
Priority Pollutants in Untreated and Treated Discharges from Coal Mines Charles A. Cravotta III Research Hydrologist USGS Pennsylvania Water Science Center New Cumberland, PA Presented March, 28, 2012,
More informationCO 2 sequestration via direct mineral carbonation of Mg-silicates. Natalie Johnson GCEP Symposium 4 October 2011
CO 2 sequestration via direct mineral carbonation of Mg-silicates Natalie Johnson GCEP Symposium 4 October 2011 CO 2 release/year (Gt) 2 CCS: Part of climate change mitigation Projection based on current
More informationGeogenic versus Anthropogenic Metals and Metalloids
Geogenic versus Anthropogenic Metals and Metalloids Geochemical methods for evaluating whether metals and metalloids are from geogenic versus anthropogenic sources 1 Definitions Geogenic from natural geological
More informationMulti Analyte Custom Grade Solution. Aluminum, Potassium, Magnesium, ANALYTE CERTIFIED VALUE ANALYTE CERTIFIED VALUE
1.0 ACCREDITATION / REGISTRATION INORGANIC VENTURES is accredited to ISO Guide 34, "General Requirements for the Competence of Reference Material Producers" and ISO/IEC 17025, "General Requirements for
More informationGeochemistry of storing CO 2 and NO x in the deep Precipice Sandstone
Geochemistry of storing CO 2 and NO x in the deep Precipice Sandstone Sid Fe Mn K Qz J.K Pearce a G.K.W. Dawson a, S.D. Golding a, D. Kirste b, J. Underschultz a a University of Queensland, Australia b
More informationProject Copper CBC. Bahia Brazil -August
Project Copper CBC Bahia Brazil -August - 2016 The Company The CBC Mineração Ltda is a company of BETONITA group created to develop this project copper. It s a solid group in the brasilian market very
More informationChemistry 31A Autumn 2004 Professors Chidsey & Zare Exam 4 Name: 9:00am 10:00am 2:15pm 3:15pm 7:00pm 8:00pm S02 OC103 Charles
Chemistry 31A Autumn 2004 Professors Chidsey & Zare Exam 4 Name: SUNetID: @stanford.edu Honor Code Observed: (Signature) 9:00am 10:00am 2:15pm 3:15pm 7:00pm 8:00pm S02 OC103 Charles S04 OC103 Charles S06
More informationGOZO COLLEGE BOYS SECONDARY SCHOOL
GOZO COLLEGE BOYS SECONDARY SCHOOL Embracing Diversity Half Yearly Exams 2013-2014 FORM 4 CHEMISTRY TIME: 1h 30min Name: Class: Useful Data: One Faraday is equivalent to 96500 C. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 H 1
More informationAtoms, Molecules and Minerals
Atoms, Molecules and Minerals Atoms Matter The smallest unit of an element that retain its properties Molecules - a small orderly group of atoms that possess specific properties - H 2 O Small nucleus surrounded
More informationBreeding et al., Data Repository Material Figure DR1. Athens. Study Area
Breeding, Ague, and Brocker 1 Figure DR1 21 o 24 Greece o A 38 o Athens Tinos 37 o Syros Attic-Cycladic Blueschist Belt Syros Kampos B Study Area Ermoupoli N Vari Unit Cycladic HP-LT Unit Marble horizons
More informationCT Associates, Inc. Trace Metal Dynamic Extraction from Three Centrifugal Pumps in Hydrochloric Acid. Submitted to: Juergen Hahn Levitronix GmbH
CT Associates, Inc. 7121 Shady Oak Road, Eden Prairie, MN 55344-3516 Telephone: (952) 470-0166 Fax: (952) 942-0293 Website: http://www.ctassociatesinc.com Trace Metal Dynamic Extraction from Three Centrifugal
More informationOverview over VDZ reference cements VDZ100, VDZ200, VDZ300
Overview over VDZ reference cements VDZ100, VDZ200, VDZ300 1 Productdefinition Material: Portland cement (CEM I 42,5 R) Portland-composite cement (CEM II/B-M (S,LL)) Blast furnace cement (CEM III/B) Productcode:
More information10/8/15. Earth Materials Minerals and Rocks. I) Minerals. Minerals. (A) Definition: Topics: -- naturally occurring What are minerals?
minerals Earth Materials Minerals and Rocks I) Minerals Minerals Topics: What are minerals? Basic Chemistry Amethysts in geode: minerals Characteristics of Minerals Types of Minerals -- orderly arrangement
More informationMineralogical & Chemical Studies of Gel-e-sarshooy (shampoo clay) in Manian-Iran
Mineralogical & Chemical Studies of Gel-e-sarshooy (shampoo clay) in Manian-Iran Zohre Moosavinasab Dep.Of geology, Islamic azad university- Estahban Branch-Iran Phone No.:0973496 E mail: z_moosavinasab@yahoo.com.
More informationChapter 5. Chemical reactions
Chapter 5 Chemical reactions Chemical equations CaO(s) + CO 2 (g) CaCO 3 (s) + CO(g) Chemical equation - representation of a chemical reaction; uses the symbols of the elements and formulae of the compounds
More informationK.A. Terzi 1,2, I. Bountas 1,2 C.A. Aggelopoulos 1, C.D. Tsakiroglou 1
K.A. Terzi 1,2, I. Bountas 1,2 C.A. Aggelopoulos 1, C.D. Tsakiroglou 1 1 Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Univ.
More informationUnderstanding Mineralogical Composition, Weathering, and Alteration, to Manage ML/ARD in a Base-Metal Tailings Storage Facility
Understanding Mineralogical Composition, Weathering, and Alteration, to Manage ML/ARD in a Base-Metal Tailings Storage Facility Jennifer L. Durocher Lindsay A. Robertson Outline: Background Project Objectives
More informationICP-OES Application Note Number 35
ICP-OES Application Note Number 35 Rapid measurement of major, minor and trace levels in soils using the Varian 730-ES Vincent Calderon Varian, Inc. Introduction As part of the global strategy for sustainable
More informationTailings and Mineral Carbonation: The Potential for Atmospheric CO 2 Sequestration
Tailings and Mineral Carbonation: The Potential for Atmospheric CO 2 Sequestration H. Andrew Rollo Lorax Environmental Services Ltd. Heather. E. Jamieson Department of Geological Sciences and Geological
More informationHalf Yearly Exam 2015
GOZO COLLEGE Secondary School KULLEĠĠ TA GĦAWDEX Skola Sekondarja Half Yearly Exam 015 Year 9 Track 3 CHEMISTRY Time: 1½ hours Name: Class: Useful Data: Atomic numbers and relative atomic masses are given
More information7) Applications of Nuclear Radiation in Science and Technique (1) Analytical applications (Radiometric titration)
7) Applications of Nuclear Radiation in Science and Technique (1) (Radiometric titration) The radioactive material is indicator Precipitation reactions Complex formation reactions Principle of a precipitation
More informationSAGE GOLD INC. MINERAL BENEFICIATION ON CANE GOLD ORE. RPC Reference No.: PET-J1557. Prepared for:
SAGE GOLD INC. MINERAL BENEFICIATION ON CANE GOLD ORE Prepared for: Mr. Bill Love Sage Gold Inc. 365 Bay Street, Suite 500 Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5H 2V1 Prepared by: Ross Gilders Section Head, Process
More informationThe Martian Sedimentary Mass: Constraints on its Composition, Age and Size. Scott McLennan Department of Geosciences, SUNY Stony Brook
The Martian Sedimentary Mass: Constraints on its Composition, Age and Size Scott McLennan Department of Geosciences, SUNY Stony Brook Exploring Mars Habitability Lisbon 14 June, 2011 Martian Crustal Chemistry
More informationM09/4/CHEMI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/XX+ CHEMISTRY. Monday 18 May 2009 (afternoon) 45 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
M09/4/CHEMI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/XX+ 22096110 CHEMISTRY standard level Paper 1 Monday 18 May 2009 (afternoon) 45 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
More informationCarbon Sequestration in Basalts: Laboratory Studies and Field Demonstration
Carbon Sequestration in Basalts: Laboratory Studies and Field Demonstration H. T. Schaef B.P. McGrail Workshop on Geologic Capture and Sequestration of Carbon Stanford University November 28, 2017 Needles
More informationPredicting Mineral Transformations in Wet Supercritical CO 2 : The Critical Role of Water
Predicting Mineral Transformations in Wet Supercritical CO 2 : The Critical Role of Water Andrew R. Felmy Eugene S. Ilton Andre Anderko Kevin M. Rosso Ja Hun Kwak Jian Zhi Hu 1 Outline Background Importance
More informationExploration Geochemistry Basic Principles and Concepts Coordinator: Bill Coker BHP Billiton World Exploration Inc
Exploration In The New Millenium Exploration Geochemistry Basic Principles and Concepts Coordinator: Bill Coker BHP Billiton World Exploration Inc Introduction Exploration Geochemistry - Definition Basic
More informationGeochemistry & mineralogy of late-metamorphic shear zones:
Geochemistry & mineralogy of late-metamorphic shear zones: Disseminated gold in the Otago Schist, New Zealand Dave Craw Geology Department University of Otago Dunedin, NZ in collaboration with: D.J. MacKenzie,
More informationMineralogical characterisation of gold ores: collaboration is the best technique! Dorrit de Nooy (Senior Mineralogist, Metallurgy Services)
Mineralogical characterisation of gold ores: collaboration is the best technique! Dorrit de Nooy (Senior Mineralogist, Metallurgy Services) Kalgoorlie Metallurgical Symposium (MetFest) Friday 20 th October
More informationGeoFlex. Quantitative cuttings analysis and imaging service
GeoFlex Quantitative cuttings analysis and imaging service Bring the cuttings characterization lab to the field with the GeoFlex* quantitative cuttings analysis and imaging service from Geoservices, a
More informationAn Integrated Petrophysical Approach for Shale Gas Reservoirs
An Integrated Petrophysical Approach for Shale Gas Reservoirs Richard Arnold & Matt Bratovich Baker Hughes Reservoir Development Services 1 2014 B A K E R H U G H E S I N C O R P O R A TED. A LL R I G
More informationChemical Reactions. Ch. 11 Chemical Reactions. Chemical Reactions. Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions Ch. 11 Chemical Reactions when a substance changes identity Reactants - original Products - resulting law of conservation of mass total mass of reactants = total mass of products In
More informationMINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA CLAYS AND THE RESOURCE GEOLOGIST
MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA SHORT COURSE HANDBOOK VOLUME 7, MAY 1981 EDITED BY: F.J. LONGSTAFFE CLAYS AND THE RESOURCE GEOLOGIST A short course sponsored by the Mineralogical Association of Canada
More informationTechnology of Production from Shale
Technology of Production from Shale Doug Bentley, European Unconventional, Schlumberger May 29 th, 2012 Johannesburg, South Africa What are Unconventional Reservoirs Shale both Gas & Oil Coal Bed Methane
More informationCOMBINATION OF MMI AND ENZYME LEACH METHODS IN EXPLORATION FOR GOLD IN AN AREA OF THE CANADIAN SHIELD COVERED WITH GLACIAL SEDIMENTS: A CASE STUDY
COMBINATION OF MMI AND ENZYME LEACH METHODS IN EXPLORATION FOR GOLD IN AN AREA OF THE CANADIAN SHIELD COVERED WITH GLACIAL SEDIMENTS: A CASE STUDY Nadia Yavorskaya 450 Bonner Ave., Winnipeg, MB, Canada
More informationGeochemical exploration on the Tareek Darreh Gold deposit, north of Torbat-e Jaam, east Iran
Geochemical exploration on the Tareek Darreh Gold deposit, north of Torbat-e Jaam, east Iran Kourosh Shabani, M.Sc. Student of Economic Geology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran,
More informationRole of Geochemistry in Unconventional Resource Development. Shikha Sharma Dept. of Geology & Geography
Role of Geochemistry in Unconventional Resource Development Shikha Sharma Dept. of Geology & Geography Role of Geochemistry OPPORTUNITIES HAVE CHANGED SOURCE = RESERVOIR Need for understanding the geological
More informationRedox, ph, pe OUTLINE 9/12/17. Equilibrium? Finish last lecture Mineral stability Aquatic chemistry oxidation and reduction: redox
Redox, ph, pe Equilibrium? OUTLINE Finish last lecture Mineral stability Aquatic chemistry oxidation and reduction: redox Reading: White p555-563 1 Question of the day? So what about the CO 2 system? CO
More informationReview. 8th grade science STAAR. Name Class. Underline your strong TEKS and circle your weak TEKS: 8.5A Atoms. 7.5C Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
8th grade science STAAR Review Name Class Underline your strong TEKS and circle your weak TEKS: 8.5A Atoms 7.5C Energy Flow Through Ecosystems 8.5B Reactivity 8.5C Periodic Table 8.5D Chemical Formulas
More informationCurrent State of Extraction Don t Be Deceived! Sharon F. Webb, Ph.D. Director of Quality Program
Current State of Extraction Don t Be Deceived! Sharon F. Webb, Ph.D. Director of Quality Program Overview Factors Purpose of Dissolution Quality Objectives of Program Effectiveness of Dissolution Technique
More informationWEATHERING. Weathering breakdown of rock materials Erosion transport of broken-down materials
WEATHERING the interacting physical, chemical & biological processes that progressively alter the original lithologic character of rocks to produce secondary minerals (e.g. clays) & unconsolidated regolith
More information4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table. GCSE Chemistry
4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table GCSE Chemistry All substances are made of atoms this is cannot be chemically broken down it is the smallest part of an element. Elements are made of only one
More informationSearch and Discovery Article #50999 (2014)** Posted August 18, Abstract
Oil Degradation in the Gullfaks Field (Norway): How Hydrogeochemical Modeling can Help to Decipher Organic- Inorganic Interactions Controlling CO 2 Fate and Behavior* Wolfgang van Berk 1, Yunjiao Fu 2,
More informationCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
48 CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS - Dalton's theory does not mention this, but there is more than one way for atoms to come together to make chemical compounds! - There are TWO common kinds of chemical compound, classified
More informationRecycling of Municipal Solid Waste Ash through an Innovative Technology to Produce Commercial Zeolite material of High Cation Exchange Capacity
Proceedings of NAWTEC16 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference May 19-21, 2008, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA NAWTEC16-1919 Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste Ash through an Innovative
More informationTrace Metal Dynamic Extraction from Five Pumps in Hydrochloric Acid. Submitted to: Reto Schoeb Levitronix GmbH. Submitted by:
CT Associates, Inc. 72 Shady Oak Road, Eden Prairie, MN 55344-356 Telephone: (952) 470-066 Fax: (952) 942-0293 Website: http://www.ctassociatesinc.com Trace Metal Dynamic Extraction from Five Pumps in
More informationFunsheet 8.0 [SCIENCE 10 REVIEW] Gu 2015
Funsheet 8.0 [SCIENCE 10 REVIEW] Gu 2015 1. Fill in the following tables. Symbol # # protons electrons # neutrons Atomic number Mass Number Atomic Mass Charge 56 54 83 18 16 32 35 47 1 19 40 1+ 92 241
More information11-1 Notes. Chemical Reactions
11-1 Notes Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions In a chemical reaction 1 or more substances (the reactants) change into 1 or more new substances (the products). Reactants are always written on the left
More informationQuantitative chemistry Atomic structure Periodicity
IB chemistry Units 1-3 review Quantitative chemistry Significant figures The mole- be able to convert to number of particles and mass Finding empirical and molecular formulas from mass percentage States
More information12. Lead, Pb (atomic no. 82)
12. Lead, Pb (atomic no. 82) - Sources of Pb contamination include mining, metal processing, lead battery manufacturing, chemical and paint manufacturing, and lead wastes. -USEPA drinking water action
More informationEarth Materials I Crystal Structures
Earth Materials I Crystal Structures Isotopes same atomic number, different numbers of neutrons, different atomic mass. Ta ble 1-1. Su mmar y of quantu m num bers Name Symbol Values Principal n 1, 2,
More informationTable 1. Solubility of gypsum and anhydrite adopted in this research and the predicted SI values
Supporting information: Table 1. Solubility of gypsum and anhydrite adopted in this research and the predicted SI values Sample T ID # ( o C) 16, 65, 74 P NaCl CaSO 4 nh 2 O SI System (psi) (mol/kg H 2
More informationReactive transport modeling of carbonate diagenesis on unstructured grids
Reactive transport modeling of carbonate diagenesis on unstructured grids Alina Yapparova Chair of Reservoir Engineering Montanuniversität Leoben Dolomitization and geochemical modeling Hollywood may never
More informationHonors Chemistry - Unit 4 Bonding Part I
Honors Chemistry - Unit 4 Bonding Part I Unit 4 Packet - Page 1 of 8 Vocab Due: Quiz Date(s): Test Date: UT Quest Due: Bonding Vocabulary: see separate handout assignment OBJECTIVES: Chapters 4-8 Be able
More informationPredicted Sulfide and Silicate Mineralogy at the Sentinel Copper Mine, Zambia
Mineralogical Patterns in Hydrothermal Systems. A seminar presented by; Predicted Sulfide and Silicate Mineralogy at the Sentinel Copper Mine, Zambia Scott Halley July 2016 Thanks to First Quantum for
More informationICP-Mass Spectrometer
ICP-Mass Spectrometer New Mass Spectrometers The main issue: sequential vs. simultaneous Scanning, peak hopping are sequential Like viewing a photo through a peephole One pixel at a time Other parts of
More informationmaterials and their properties
materials and their properties macroscopic properties phase state strength / stiffness electrical conductivity chemical properties color / transparence spectroscopical properties surface properties density
More information1. [Chang7 8.P.021.] Group the following electron configurations in pairs that would represent similar chemical properties of their atoms.
uestion Score 1. [Chang7 8.P.021.] Group the following electron configurations in pairs that would represent similar chemical properties of their atoms. (a) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 (b) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 (c) 1s
More informationChemical Variation of Feed Coal and Coal Combustion Products from an Indiana Power Plant Utilizing Low Sulfur Powder River Basin Coal
Chemical Variation of Feed Coal and Coal Combustion Products from an Indiana Power Plant Utilizing Low Sulfur Powder River Basin Coal Ronald H. Affolter, Michael E. Brownfield, and James D. Cathcart U.S.
More informationLiz Chapman, PhD, Geochemist ECHELON Applied Geosciences. Copyright 2014 EchelonAGC
Liz Chapman, PhD, Geochemist ECHELON Applied Geosciences 1 For a variety of fluids (fresh water, brines, AMD-impacted and coproduced waters) And many geologic rock types and materials Coal, shale, permeable
More informationElectrochemistry. Part One: Introduction to Electrolysis and the Electrolysis of Molten Salts
Part One: Introduction to Electrolysis and the Electrolysis of Molten Salts What do I need to know about electrochemistry? Electrochemistry Learning Outcomes: Candidates should be able to: a) Describe
More informationClay-isolation of chemical waste in mines
Clay-isolation of chemical waste in mines R. Pusch Geodevelopment AB, IDEON Research Center, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden Abstract Surrounding and mixing of solid waste by low-permeable expansive clay very effectively
More informationAntonio Simonetti University of Notre Dame
Antonio Simonetti University of Notre Dame Precision and accuracy on individual isotopic measurements suffer due to matrix effects and isobaric interferences? Availability of suitable reference materials,
More informationSummary of test results for Daya Bay rock samples. by Patrick Dobson Celia Tiemi Onishi Seiji Nakagawa
Summary of test results for Daya Bay rock samples by Patrick Dobson Celia Tiemi Onishi Seiji Nakagawa October 2004 Summary A series of analytical tests were conducted on a suite of granitic rock samples
More informationPRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE WEATHERING POTENTIAL OF MARCELLUS SHALE DRILL CUTTINGS
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE WEATHERING POTENTIAL OF MARCELLUS SHALE DRILL CUTTINGS Daniel J. Soeder, NETL Geology and Environmental Science March 20, 2011 GSA Section Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA Presentation
More informationAN APPLICATION OF ACID BASE ACCOUNTING FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION IN EAST TENNESSEE 1
AN APPLICATION OF ACID BASE ACCOUNTING FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION IN EAST TENNESSEE 1 by J.T. Ammons C.B. Coburn, Jr. P.A. Shelton 2 Abstract. Concern over the environmental impact of highway construction
More information1/31/2013. Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes. Weathering Mechanisms. Wind abrasion forming Ventifacts
Monument Valley, Utah. What weathering processes contributed to the development of these remarkable rock formations? Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes Weathering Mechanisms Physical
More informationCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
48 CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS - Dalton's theory does not mention this, but there is more than one way for atoms to come together to make chemical compounds! - There are TWO common kinds of chemical compound, classified
More informationIS WETTABILITY ALTERATION OF CARBONATES BY SEAWATER CAUSED BY ROCK DISSOLUTION?
SCA9-43 1/6 IS WETTABILITY ALTERATION OF CARBONATES BY SEAWATER CAUSED BY ROCK DISSOLUTION? Tor Austad, Skule Strand and Tina Puntervold University of Stavanger, Norway This paper was prepared for presentation
More informationP314 Anisotropic Elastic Modelling for Organic Shales
P314 Anisotropic Elastic Modelling for Organic Shales X. Wu* (British Geological Survey), M. Chapman (British Geological Survey), X.Y. Li (British Geological Survey) & H. Dai (British Geological Survey)
More informationCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
48 CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS - Dalton's theory does not mention this, but there is more than one way for atoms to come together to make chemical compounds! - There are TWO common kinds of chemical compound, classified
More informationSolutions and Ions. Pure Substances
Class #4 Solutions and Ions CHEM 107 L.S. Brown Texas A&M University Pure Substances Pure substance: described completely by a single chemical formula Fixed composition 1 Mixtures Combination of 2 or more
More informationENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IMPACTING THE FORMATION AND KINETICS OF FE(II) LAYERED HYDROXIDES ON MINERALS AND SOILS. Autumn Nichole Starcher
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IMPACTING THE FORMATION AND KINETICS OF FE(II) LAYERED HYDROXIDES ON MINERALS AND SOILS by Autumn Nichole Starcher A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware
More information