CHAPTER 6 NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
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1 HEINS v4.qxd 12/30/06 1:51 PM Page 46 CHAPTER 6 NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. (a) NaClO 3 (d) Cu 2 O (b) H 2 SO 4 (e) Zn(HCO 3 ) 2 (c) Sn(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 (f) Fe 2 (CO 3 ) 3 2. No, if elements combine in a one-to-one ratio the charges on their ions must be equal and opposite in sign. They could be 1, 1, or 2, 2 or 3, 3 etc. 3. (a) HBrO hypobromous acid (b) HIO hypoiodous acid HBrO 2 bromous acid HIO 2 iodous acid HBrO 3 bromic acid HIO 3 iodic acid HBrO 4 perbromic acid HIO 4 periodic acid 4. The system for naming binary compounds composed of two nonmetals uses the name of the first element and the stem of the second element plus the suffix -ide. A prefix is attached to each element indicating the number of atoms of that element in the formula. Thus N 2 O 5 is named dinitrogen pentoxide. 5. Chromium(III) compounds (a) Cr(OH) 3 (d) Cr(HCO 3 ) 3 (g) CrPO 4 (j) CrF 3 (b) Cr(NO 3 ) 3 (e) Cr 2 (CO 3 ) 3 (h) Cr 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 (c) Cr(NO 2 ) 3 (f) Cr 2 (Cr 2 O 7 ) 3 (i) Cr 2 O 3 6. Magnesium forms only one series of compounds in which the cation is always Mg 2. Thus the name for MgCl 2 (magnesium chloride) does not need to be distinguished from any other compound. Copper forms two series of compounds in which the copper ion is Cu or Cu 2. Thus the name copper chloride does not indicate which compound is in question. Therefore, CuCl 2 is called copper(ii) chloride to indicate that the compound contains the Cu 2 ion. 7. (a) Metals are located in groups 1A (except for hydrogen), 2A, 1B 8B and atomic numbers 13, 31, 49, 50, 81, 82, 83, lanthanides and actinides. (b) The nonmetals include hydrogen, group 7A, the noble gases and atomic numbers 6 9, 15 17, 34, 35, 53 and 85. (c) The transition metals are located in groups 1B 8B in the center of the periodic table. The lanthanides and actinides are located below the main body of the periodic table. 8. water (H 2 O) dihydrogen monoxide ammonia (NH 3 ) nitrogen trihydride
2 HEINS v4.qxd 12/30/06 1:51 PM Page 47 CHAPTER 6 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES 1. Formulas of compounds. (a) Na and I NaI (d) K and S K 2 S (b) Ba and F BaF 2 (e) Cs and Cl CsCl (c) Al and O Al 2 O 3 (f) Sr and Br SrBr 2 2. Formulas of compounds. (a) Ba and O BaO (d) Be and Br BeBr 2 (b) H and S H 2 S (e) Li and Se Li 2 Se (c) Al and Cl AlCl 3 (f) Mg and P Mg 3 P 2 3. sodium Na cobalt(ii) Co 2 magnesium Mg 2 barium Ba 2 aluminum Al 3 hydrogen H copper(ii) Cu 2 mercury(ii) Hg 2 iron(ii) Fe 2 tin(ii) Sn 2 iron(iii) Fe 3 chromium(iii) Cr 3 lead(ii) Pb 2 tin(iv) Sn 4 silver Ag manganese(ii) bismuth(iii) Mn 2 4. chloride Cl hydrogen sulfate HSO bromide Br hydrogen sulfite HSO fluoride F chromate 2 CrO iodide I carbonate 2 CO cyanide CN hydrogen carbonate HCO oxide O 2 acetate C 2 H 3 O 2 hydroxide OH chlorate ClO sulfide S 2 permanganate MnO sulfate 2 oxalate 2 C 2 O SO 5. (a) dinitrogen monoxide (d) lead(ii) sulfide (b) calcium carbonate (e) hydrochloric acid (c) aluminum oxide (f) sodium chloride 3 Bi 6. (a) calcium hydroxide (d) sodium hydrogen carbonate (b) sodium nitrate (e) iron(ii) sulfide (c) sulfur (f) potassium carbonate
3 HEINS v4.qxd 12/30/06 1:51 PM Page Ion K KBr K 2 O KNO 3 K 3 PO 4 K 2 CO 3 Mg 2 Al 3 MgBr 2 AlBr 3 MgO Al 2 O 3 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Al(NO 3 ) 3 Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 AlPO 4 MgCO 3 Al 2 (CO 3 ) 3 Zn 2 ZnBr 2 ZnO Zn(NO 3 ) 2 Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ZnCO 3 H HBr H 2 O HNO 3 H 3 PO 4 H 2 CO 3 Ion Br 2 SO O 2 OH NO AsO C 2 H 3 O 2 CrO NH (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 NH 4 OH (NH 4 ) 3 AsO 4 NH 4 C 2 H 3 O 2 (NH 4 ) 2 CrO 4 Ca 2 CaSO 4 Ca(OH) 2 Ca 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 Ca(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 CaCrO 4 Fe 3 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Fe(OH) 3 FeAsO 4 Fe(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 3 Fe 2 (CrO 4 ) 3 Ag Ag 2 SO 4 AgOH Ag 3 AsO 4 AgC 2 H 3 O 2 Ag 2 CrO 4 Cu 2 CuSO 4 Cu(OH) 2 Cu 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 Cu(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 CuCrO PO CO K compounds: potassium bromide, potassium oxide, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, potassium carbonate. Mg 2 compounds: magnesium bromide, magnesium oxide, magnesium nitrate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium carbonate. Al 3 compounds: aluminum bromide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitrate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum carbonate. Zn 2 compounds: zinc bromide, zinc oxide, zinc nitrate, zinc phosphate, zinc carbonate. H compounds: hydrogen bromide (or hydrobromic acid), water, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid. NH compounds: ammonium sulfate, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium arsenate, ammonium acetate, ammonium chromate. Ca 2, Ca 4 compounds: calcium sulfate, calcium hydroxide, calcium arsenate, calcium acetate, calcium chromate. Fe 3 compounds: iron(iii) sulfate, iron(iii) hydroxide, iron(iii) arsenate, iron(iii) acetate, iron(iii) chromate. Ag compounds: silver sulfate, silver hydroxide, silver arsenate, silver acetate, silver chromate. Cu 2 compounds: copper(ii) sulfate, copper(ii) hydroxide, copper(ii) arsenate, copper(ii) acetate, copper(ii) chromate
4 HEINS v4.qxd 12/30/06 1:51 PM Page Nonmetal binary compound formulas (a) carbon monoxide, CO (f) dinitrogen pentoxide, N 2 O 5 (b) sulfur trioxide, SO 3 (g) iodine monobromide, IBr (c) carbon tetrabromide, CBr 4 (h) silicon tetrachloride, SiCl 4 (d) Phosphorus trichloride, PCl 3 (i) phosphorus pentiodide, PI 5 (e) nitrogen dioxide, NO 2 (j) diboron trioxide, B 2 O 3 ) Fe(NO 3 ) (a) sodium nitrate, NaNO 3 (e) silver carbonate, Ag 2 CO 3 (b) magnesium fluoride, MgF 2 (f) calcium phosphate, Ca 3 (PO (c) barium hydroxide, Ba(OH) 2 (g) potassium nitrite, 4 2 KNO 2 (d) ammonium sulfate, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (h) strontium oxide, SrO 13. Naming binary nonmetal compounds: (a) CO 2 carbon dioxide (f) N 2 O 4 dinitrogen tetroxide (b) N 2 O dinitrogen oxide (g) P 2 O 5 diphosphorus pentoxide (c) PCl 5 phosphorus pentachloride (h) OF 2 oxygen difluoride (d) CCl 4 carbon tetrachloride (i) NF 3 nitrogen trifluoride (e) SO 2 sulfur dioxide (j) CS 2 carbon disulfide 14. (a) K 2 O, potassium oxide (e) Na 3 PO 4, sodium phosphate (b) NH 4 Br, ammonium bromide (f) Al 2 O 3, aluminum oxide (c) CaI 2, calcium iodide (g) Zn(NO 3 ) 2, zinc nitrate (d) BaCO 3, barium carbonate (h) Ag 2 SO 4, silver sulfate 15. (a) CuCl 2 copper(ii) chloride (d) FeCl 3 iron(iii) chloride (c) iron(ii) nitrate (f) HgCO 3 mercury(ii) carbonate (b) CuBr copper(i) bromide (e) SnF 2 tin(ii) fluoride 16. Formulas: (a) tin(iv) bromide SnBr 4 (d) mercury(ii) nitrite Hg(NO 2 ) 2 (b) copper(i) sulfate Cu 2 SO 4 (e) titanium(iv) sulfide TiS 2 (c) iron(iii) carbonate Fe 2 (CO 3 ) 3 (f) iron(ii) acetate Fe(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) Acid formulas: (a) hydrochloric acid, HCl (d) carbonic acid, H 2 CO 3 (b) chloric acid, HClO 3 (e) sulfurous acid, H 2 SO 3 (c) nitric acid, HNO 3 (f) phosphoric acid, H 3 PO
5 HEINS v4.qxd 12/30/06 1:51 PM Page Formulas of acids: (a) acetic acid, HC 2 H 3 O 2 (d) boric acid, H 3 BO 3 (b) hydrofluoric acid, HF (e) nitrous acid, HNO 2 (c) hydrosulfuric acid, H 2 S (f) hypochlorous acid, HClO 19. Naming acids: (a) HNO 2, nitrous acid (e) H 3 PO 3, phosphorous acid (b) H 2 SO 4, sulfuric acid (f) HC 2 H 3 O 2, acetic acid (c) H 2 C 2 O 4, oxalic acid (g) HF, hydrofluoric acid (d) HBr, hydrobromic acid (h) HBrO 3, bromic acid 20. Naming acids: (a) H 3 PO 4, phosphoric acid (e) HClO, hypochlorous acid (b) H 2 CO 3 carbonic acid (f) HNO 3, nitric acid (c) HIO 3, iodic acid (g) HI, hydroiodic acid (d) HCl, hydrochloric acid (h) HClO 4 perchloric acid 21. Formulas for: (a) silver sulfite (b) cobalt(ii) bromide (c) tin(ii) hydroxide (d) aluminum sulfate (e) manganese(ii) fluoride (f) ammonium carbonate (g) chromium(iii) oxide (h) cupric chloride (i) potassium permanganate (j) barium nitrite (k) sodium peroxide (l) iron(ii) sulfate (m) potassium dichromate (n) bismuth(iii) chromate Ag 2 SO 3 CoBr 2 Sn(OH) 2 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 MnF 2 (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 Cr 2 O 3 CuCl 2 KMnO 4 Ba(NO 2 ) 2 Na 2 O 2 FeSO 4 K 2 Cr 2 O 7 Bi 2 (CrO 4 ) Formulas for: (a) sodium chromate Na 2 CrO 4 (b) magnesium hydride MgH 2 (c) nickel(ii) acetate Ni(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 (d) calcium chlorate Ca(ClO 3 ) 2 (e) lead(ii) nitrate Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (f) potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2 PO
6 HEINS v4.qxd 12/30/06 1:51 PM Page 51 (g) manganese(ii) hydroxide Mn(OH) 2 (h) cobalt(ii) hydrogen carbonate Co(HCO 3 ) 2 (i) sodium hypochlorite NaClO (j) arsenic(v) carbonate As 2 (CO 3 ) 5 (k) chromium(iii) sulfite Cr 2 (SO 3 ) 3 (l) antimony(iii) sulfate Sb 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (m) sodium oxalate Na 2 C 2 O 4 (n) potassium thiocyanate KSCN 23. Names for: (a) ZnSO 4 zinc sulfate (b) HgCl 2 mercury(ii) chloride (c) CuCO 3 copper(ii) carbonate (d) Cd(NO 3 ) 2 cadmium nitrate (e) Al(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 3 aluminum acetate (f) CoF 2 cobalt(ii) fluoride (g) Cr(ClO 3 ) 3 chromium(iii) chlorate (h) Ag 3 PO 4 silver phosphate (i) NiS nickel(ii) sulfide (j) BaCrO 4 barium chromate 24. Names for: (a) Ca(HSO 4 ) 2 calcium hydrogen sulfate (b) As 2 (SO 3 ) 3 arsenic(iii) sulfite (c) Sn(NO 2 ) 2 tin(ii) nitrite (d) FeBr 3 iron(iii) bromide (e) KHCO 3 potassium hydrogen carbonate (f) BiAsO 4 bismuth(iii) arsenate (g) Fe(BrO 3 ) 2 iron(ii) bromate (h) (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 ammonium monohydrogen phosphate (i) NaClO sodium hypochlorite (j) KMnO 4 potassium permanganate 25. Formulas for: (a) baking soda NaHCO 3 (b) lime CaO (c) Epsom salts MgSO 4 # 7 H2 O (d) muriatic acid HCl (e) vinegar HC 2 H 3 O 2 (f) potash K 2 CO 3 (g) lye NaOH
7 HEINS v4.qxd 12/30/06 1:51 PM Page 52 Fe Fe e Formulas for: (a) fool s gold FeS 2 (e) milk of magnesia (b) saltpeter NaNO 3 (f) washing soda Mg(OH) 2 Na 2 CO 3 # 10 H2 O (c) limestone CaCO 3 (g) grain alcohol C 2 H 5 OH (d) cane sugar C 12H 22O (a) K K + + e - (d) (b) I + e - I - (e) Ca Ca e - (c) Br + e - Br - (f) O + 2e - O (a) sulfate (d) chlorate (b) phosphate (e) hydroxide (c) nitrate (f) carbonate 29. (a) CaSO 4 (d) Ca(ClO 3 ) 2 (b) Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (e) Ca(OH) 2 (c) Ca(NO 3 ) 2 (f) CaCO (a) K 2 SO 4 (d) KClO 3 (b) K 3 PO 4 (e) KOH (c) KNO 3 (f) K 2 CO (a) CBr 4 carbon tetrabromide (c) PCl 5 phosphorus pentachloride (b) BF 3 boron trifluoride 32. Formula: KCI Name: potassium chloride 33. ide: suffix is used to indicate a binary compound except for hydroxides, cyanides, and ammonium compounds. ous: used as a suffix to name an acid that has a lower oxygen content than the -ic acid (e.g. HNO 2, nitrous acid and HNO 3, nitric acid). Also used as a suffix to name the lower ionic charge of a multivalent metal (e.g. Fe 2+,ferrous and Fe 3+,ferric). ic: used as a suffix to name an acid that has a higher oxygen content than the-ous acid (eg. HNO 3 nitric acid and HNO 2 nitrous acid). Also used as a suffix to name the higher ionic charge of a multivalent metal (e.g. Fe 2, ferrous and Fe 3, ferric). hypo: used as a prefix in naming an acid that has a lower oxygen content that the -ous acid when there are more than two oxyacids with the same elements (e.g. HClO, hypochlorous acid and HClO 2, chlorous acid). per: used as a prefix in naming an acid that has a higher oxygen content than the -ic acid when there are more than two oxyacids with the same elements (e.g. HClO 4, perchloric acid and HClO 3, chloric acid)
8 HEINS v4.qxd 12/30/06 1:51 PM Page 53 ite: the suffix used in naming a salt derived from an -ous acid. For example, HNO 2 (nitrous acid); NaNO 2 (sodium nitrite). ate: the suffix used in naming a salt derived from an -ic acid. For example, H 2 SO 4 (sulfuric acid); CaSO 4 (calcium sulfate). Roman numerals: In the Stock System Roman numerals are used in naming compounds that contain metals that may exist as more than one type of cation. The charge of a metal is indicated by a Roman numeral written in parenthesis immediately after the name of the metal. For example, FeCl 2 [iron (II) chloride]. 34. (a) (b) (c) AgNO 3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO 3 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + Ca(OH) 2 Fe(OH) 3 + CaSO 4 KOH + H 2 SO 4 K 2 SO 4 + H 2 O 35. (a) 50 e, 50 p (b) 48e, 50 p (c) 46 e, 50 p 36. The formula for a compound must be electrically neutral. Therefore X 3 and Y 2 since in X 2 Y 3 this would give 2(3) 3(2) Li 3 Fe(CN) 6 AlFe(CN) 6 Zn 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] (a) N 3 nitride One has oxygen the other does not, charges on the ions differ. NO 2 nitrite (b) NO 2 nitrite The number of oxygens differ, but the charge is the same. NO nitrate (c) HNO 2 nitrous acid The number of oxygens in the compounds differ but they HNO 3 nitric acid both have only one hydrogen and one nitrogen atom. 39. Let x molar mass of Y 2.44x x x 32.06, Y sulfur (from periodic table) 2.44x ( ) The compound formula is X 2 Y, so the mass of 2X X which is potassium (from the periodic table) X 2 Y K 2 S Ratio
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