Initial results from the DACCIWA project: Air pollution over South West Africa
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1 Initial results from the DACCIWA project: Air pollution over South West Africa Eleanor Morris, Mat Evans Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York National Centre for Atmospheric Science DACCIWA Team
2 DACCIWA: Dynamics, Aerosols, Chemistry and Clouds Interactions in West Africa 5 year, FP7, 11M EU funded project. Investigating air pollution in South West Africa and its impacts on health, ecosystems, meteorology, and climate Lead Peter Knippertz from the Karlsruhe Institute for Technology. 14 European partners, 4 African.
3 The DACCIWA region
4 The DACCIWA surface sites
5 The DACCIWA Aircraft DLR Falcon BAS Twin Otter SAFIRE ATR Long distances. High Altitude Fast Short distances Low Altitude Slow Long distances Low Altitude Slow
6 The DACCIWA flights: 50 over a month
7 The DACCIWA Payloads DLR Falcon BAS Twin Otter SAPHIRE ATR-42 Met Met Met Aerosol size Aerosol size Aerosol size Aerosol composition (AMS, SP2) Aerosol Composition(AMS, SP2) Aerosol composition (AMS,, API-TOF) CO, O 3 CO, O 3 CO,O 3 NO 2 (QCL) NO, NO 2 (Chemilum) NO, NO 2 (Chemilum) VOCs (Tubes) VOCs (Canisters) VOCs (PTRMS, Tubes) SO 2 SO 2 SO2 CO 2, CH 4 (CRD) Radiation (UV, IR) CO 2, CH 4 (CRD) Radiation (UV,IR)
8 Emissions estimates. Emissions for Africa made for the DACCIWA project (Liousse et al., 2015) NO x
9 Need a model Concs Do they agree? Concs + Model
10 GEOS-Chem Offline Global and Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Transport Model NASA GEOS Nature Run 12km global simulation Used in the NASA GEOS Forecasts
11 GEOS-ChemRegional Grid Meteorology from NASA GMAO Assimilated real meteorology. Boundary conditions from a global simulation run at 2x2.5 Regional grid run at 0.25x ~25km spatial resolution
12 The DACCIWA flights: 50 over a month
13 Carbon Monoxide CO x 1 EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)* Observations EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)*
14 Oxides of Nitrogen NO x x 1.5 EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)*??? Observations EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)*
15 SO 2 SO 2 x 5 Observations EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)*
16 Black Carbon BC x 1. Observations EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)*
17 Sulfateaerosol SO 2 x 5. EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)* Observations EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)*
18 Ammonium aerosol SO 2 x 5. EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)* Observations EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)*
19 Ammonium aerosol SO 2 x 5. NH3 x 10. EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)* Observations EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)*
20 Nitrate aerosol SO 2 x 5. NOx x 1.5. EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)* Observations EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)*
21 Nitrate aerosol SO 2 x 5. NO x x 1.5 NH 3 x 10 EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)* Observations EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)*
22 Ozone SO 2 x 5. NO x x 1.5 NH 3 x 10 EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)* Observations EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)*
23 Ozone: role for halogen chemistry? Reduction in surface O 3 concentration in July due to halogens (Cl, Br, I) Sherwen et al., 2016
24 Organic aerosol EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)* Biomass burning Observations EDGAR + GFED DACCIWA + GFAS DACCIWA + GFAS (Improved)*
25 Correction factors for the DACCIWA emissions Species Liousse et al., 2015 Correction factor EDGAR correction factors are larger! CO 1 BC 1 NO x 1.5 SO 2 5 NH 3 10? OA? VOCs? Correction factors will be fed into the GEOS-Chem research system and thus into the NASA GEOS Forecasts
26 Conclusions Emissions inventories are the basis for the modelling We need to evaluate them against observations. There are significant problems associated with emissions Emissions of natural sources (biomass burning, dust) are likely to be more important for Africa than other continents
27 Thanks to: T. Hagedorn
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