Supporting Information to
|
|
- Elinor Carter
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Supporting Information to 'Bisulfide reaction with natural organic matter enhances arsenite sorption: Insights from X-ray absorption spectroscopy' Martin Hoffmann, Christian Mikutta* and Ruben Kretzschmar Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland (14 Pages, 7 Tables, 9 Figures) Table of contents 1. Evaluation of S K-edge XANES spectra of reference compounds... S2 2. Properties of peat and HA... S3 3. Reaction of peat with S(-II): ph dependency... S7 4. Deconvolution of S K-edge XANES spectra... S8 5. Normalized and first derivatives of normalized As K-edge XANES spectra of S(-II)-reacted peat, HA, and reference compounds... S10 6. Shell fits of As K-edge EXAFS spectra of reference compounds... S11 7. Alternative As K-edge EXAFS shell fits of peat and HA samples... S13 8. References... S14 * Corresponding author s christian.mikutta@env.ethz.ch Phone: ; Fax:
2 1. Evaluation of S K-edge XANES spectra of reference compounds Table S1: Electronic oxidation states, white-line energies, and sources of S reference compounds. Compound Electronic oxidation state White-line energy [ev] Source Iron monosulfide Commercial (Fluka) Pyrite Natural (Paul Scherrer Institute) Elemental S ± Commercial (Agrikulturchemie) Cystine Commercial (Merck) Cysteine Commercial (Merck) Methionine Commercial (Sigma-Aldrich) Diphenyl sulfoxide Commercial (Merck) Cysteic acid Commercial (Sigma-Aldrich) Sodium sulfate Commercial (Merck) Figure S1: (A) White-line energy and (B) white-line area/mass unit of S reference compounds with different electronic oxidation states: Iron monosulfide (-2), pyrite (-1), elemental S (±0), cystine (+0.2), cysteine (+0.5), methionine (+0.5), diphenyl sulfoxide (+2), cysteic acid (+5), and sodium sulfate (+6). The regression lines are shown as thick solid lines, the 95% confidence bands as dashed lines, and the 95% prediction bands as dotted lines. S2
3 2. Properties of peat and HA Table S2: Elemental composition of peat and IHSS Elliott soil HA (nd = not determined). [wt.%] Peat HA C a N a S a Fe b Si 0.13 nd Na <0.03 nd Mg 0.01 nd Al 0.10 nd P a Cl 0.02 nd K 0.02 nd Ca 0.39 nd Cr <0.001 nd Mn nd Co <0.001 nd Ni nd Cu nd Zn nd As <0.001 nd Cd <0.001 nd Pb nd molar C/N a values provided by IHSS; b ref. 1 S3
4 Figure S2: Microscopy images of the peat. The laser scanning microscopy images of the peat were taken on a color 3D VK-9710K violet laser scanning microscope (Keyence). The peat is a heterogeneous mixture of organic fibers, mainly plant debris with a low degree of degradation. Particles are in the expected size range of μm, but the majority of the particles have a size of less than 100 μm. S4
5 Figure S3: FT-IR spectra of (A) the peat and (B) IHSS Elliott soil HA. The broad intense band at about cm -1 results from stretching vibrations of hydroxyl (OH) groups and/or the N-H stretching of secondary amines. Weaker bands at ~2930 and ~2865 cm -1 can be assigned to antisymmetric and symmetric stretching of aliphatic C-H bonds. Stretching vibrations of the C=O group of carboxylic acids or other carbonyl groups lead to the band at 1720 cm -1. The intense band at 1630 cm -1 in combination with that at 1520 cm -1 is an indicator of skeletal vibrations of aromatics. The absorption band at 1630 cm -1 may be intensified by asymmetric C-O stretching vibrations of carboxylates as indicated by a band at cm -1, which results from a combination of symmetric C-O stretching vibrations and C-H deformations. Alcoholic functionalities are verified by the bands at cm -1 (phenolic groups) and 1070 cm -1 (aliphatic OH groups). An additional band at ~2600 cm -1 in the Elliott soil HA can be ascribed to stretching vibrations of either thiol or tertiary ammonium groups. Vibrational bands reflecting carbonyl, carboxyl, and aromatic moieties are more pronounced in Elliott soil HA, whereas vibrations of aliphatic structures are dominating in the peat. S5
6 Figure S4: 13 C CP/MAS-NMR spectrum of the peat. Chemical shifts are given relative to trimethylsilane. The integrated peak intensities are summarized in Table S3. Integration limits are shown as vertical lines. Table S3: 13 C CP/MAS-NMR estimates of the C distribution in peat and IHSS Elliott soil HA. Carbonyl Carboxyl Aromatic Acetal Heteroaliphatic Aliphatic ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm 0-60 ppm Peat HA a a values provided by IHSS 2 S6
7 3. Reaction of peat with S(-II): ph dependency Figure S5: Time-resolved reaction of peat with S(-II) (10 mm S(-II)/mol C, 0.2 M C) at ph 5, ph 7, and ph 9 (± 0.1) in 30 mm NaCl solution. Error bars indicate the range of sorption (n = 2). Dotted lines serve as a guide for the eye. Equilibrium of S(-II) reaction with peat was attained after approximately 24 hours. S7
8 4. Deconvolution of S K-edge XANES spectra Figure S6: Sulfur K-edge XANES spectra of peat samples containing (a) 0.84, (b) 1.8, (c) 3.8, (d) 6.2, (e) 6.8, (f) 7.4, and (g) 8.1 mmol S/mol C, and of IHSS Elliott soil HA samples containing (h) 2.5 and (i) 12 mmol S/mol C. Gray lines represent experimental data, thick dotted lines show the overall fits, black lines denote the fitted PseudoVoigt peaks, and thin dotted lines the fitted arctangent functions. The results of the S speciation analysis are given in Table S4. S8
9 Table S4: Sulfur speciation in the peat and IHSS Elliott soil HA samples. total S [mmol/mol C] reduced S a [%] intermediate oxidized S b [%] oxidized S c [%] S oxidation state -II to +I >+I to +III >+III to +VI Peat HA 0.84 d < d a energy-range: 2,475 ev; b energy-range: 2,475 to 2,478 ev; c energy-range: 2,478 ev; d untreated samples S9
10 5. Normalized and first derivatives of normalized As K-edge XANES spectra of S(-II)-reacted peat, HA, and reference compounds Figure S7: (A) Normalized and (B) first derivatives of normalized As K-edge XANES spectra of (a) Na 2 HAsO 4 7H 2 O, (b) NaAsO 2, (c) arsenopyrite, and peat samples containing (d) 3.8, (e) 6.2, (f) 6.8, (g) 7.4, and (h) 8.1 mmol S/mol C. Energy values indicate the maximum of the first derivatives. Figure S8: (A) Normalized and (B) first derivatives of normalized As K-edge XANES spectra of (a) Na 2 HAsO 4 7H 2 O, (b) NaAsO 2, (c) arsenopyrite, and IHSS Elliott soil HA samples containing (d) 11, (e) 12, (f) 12, and (g) 15 mmol S/mol C. Energy values indicate the maximum of the first derivatives. S10
11 6. Shell fits of As K-edge EXAFS spectra of reference compounds Figure S9: (A) Arsenic K-edge EXAFS spectra as well as (B) magnitude and (C) real part of the Fourier transform of (a) sodium(meta)arsenite, (b) arsenolite, (c) tris(phenyl)thioarsine, (d) realgar, and (e) orpiment. The Fourier transforms were calculated over a k-range of Å -1. Shell fits were performed in R-space (fit k-weight = 3) over an R + ΔR-range of Å (sodium(meta)arsenite, arsenolite), Å (tris(phenyl)thioarsine), and Å (realgar, orpiment). Gray lines represent experimental data and dotted lines show the fits of the first (a, b, e) or first and second coordination shells (c, d) of As. The fitted EXAFS parameters are summarized in Table S5. S11
12 Table S5: EXAFS parameters determined by shell fitting of As K-edge EXAFS spectra of reference compounds. Parameter uncertainties are given in parentheses for the last significant figure. Parameters in bold were fixed to their theoretical values. Compound Path CN a σ 2 [Å 2 ] b R [Å] c S 0 2d ΔE 0 [ev] e R-factor f Redχ 2g Sodium(meta)arsenite As-O (2) 1.81 (2) 0.83 (18) 6.0 (33) Arsenolite As-O (1) 1.79 (1) 0.84 (15) 4.1 (30) Tris(phenyl)thioarsine Realgar As-S (1) 2.26 (0) As-C (6) 3.01 (4) As-S (2) 2.25 (2) As-As (2) 2.58 (2) 1.00 (7) 0.0 (10) (24) -1.2 (34) Orpiment As-S (1) 2.28 (1) 0.96 (18) -2.5 (25) a coordination number (path degeneracy); b Debye-Waller parameter; c mean half path length; d passive amplitude reduction factor; e energy-shift parameter; f, g R-factor = data i-fit i 2 i and reduced χ 2 = N idp data 2 i-fit i N i data N pts ε idp -N var -1 i, i where N idp, N pts, and N var are, respectively, the number of independent points in the model fit, the total number of data points, the number of variables in the fit, and ε i is the uncertainty of the i th data point. 3 N idp /N var = 9/4 (sodium(meta)arsenite, arsenolite), 20/6 (tris(phenyl)thioarsine), 13/6 (realgar), and 13/4 (orpiment). S12
13 7. Alternative As K-edge EXAFS shell fits of peat and HA samples Table S6: EXAFS parameters determined by shell fitting of As K-edge EXAFS spectra of S(-II)-reacted peat equilibrated with As(III). In these R-space fits (fit range: Å, fit k-weight = 3) we constrained the As-C path degeneracy to that of the respective As-S path. Parameter uncertainties are given in parentheses for the last significant figure. The passive amplitude reduction factor, S 0 2, was set to 0.92 for all samples. Parameters in bold were fixed in the fits. Sulfur [mmol/mol C] a Arsenic [μmol/mol C] b Path CN c σ 2 [Å 2 ] d R [Å] e ΔE 0 [ev] f R-factor g Redχ 2h As-O 2.2 (1) i 1.79 (1) As-S 0.4 (1) j 2.31 (2) As-C 0.4 k l 3.20 (32) As-O 1.8 (1) i 1.79 (1) As-S 0.8 (1) j 2.27 (1) As-C 0.8 k l 3.17 (13) As-O 1.6 (1) i 1.79 (1) As-S 0.9 (1) j 2.26 (1) As-C 0.9 k l 3.17 (13) As-O 1.5 (1) i 1.79 (1) As-S 1.1 (1) j 2.25 (1) As-C 1.1 k l 3.15 (8) As-O 1.1 (1) i 1.81 (1) As-S 1.2 (1) j 2.25 (1) As-C 1.2 k l 3.16 (7) 2.9 (19) (15) (16) (12) (13) a conversion factor to [g/kg]: 1.415; b conversion factor to [mg/kg]: 3.306; c coordination number (path degeneracy); d Debye-Waller parameter; e mean half path length; f energy-shift parameter; g, h R-factor = data i-fit i 2 i and reduced χ 2 = N idp data 2 i-fit i N i data N pts ε idp -N var -1 i, where N idp, N pts, and N var are, respectively, i the number of independent points in the model fit, the total number of data points, the number of variables in the fit, and ε i is the uncertainty of the i th data point. 3 N idp /N var = 17/6; i constrained to the mean σ 2 of sodium(meta)arsenite and arsenolite; j constrained to σ 2 of tris(phenyl)thioarsine; k set to CN(As-S) and covaried; l constrained to σ 2 of tris(phenyl)thioarsine. S13
14 Table S7: EXAFS parameters determined by shell fitting of As K-edge EXAFS spectra of S(-II)-reacted HA equilibrated with As(III) (fit range: Å, fit k-weight = 3). Parameter uncertainties are given in parentheses for the last significant figure. The passive amplitude reduction factor, S 0 2, was set to 0.92 for all samples. Parameters in bold were fixed in the fits. Sulfur [mmol/mol C] a Arsenic [μmol/mol C] b Path CN c σ 2 [Å 2 ] d R [Å] e ΔE 0 [ev] f R-factor g Redχ 2h As-O 3.4 (3) i 1.79 (1) As-S 0.5 (2) j 2.36 (3) As-O 3.0 (2) i 1.79 (1) As-S 0.5 (2) j 2.35 (3) As-O 2.0 (2) i 1.78 (1) As-S 1.4 (2) j 2.29 (1) 1.7 (29) (26) (21) a conversion factor to [g/kg]: (HA); b conversion factor to [mg/kg]: (HA); c coordination number (path degeneracy); d Debye-Waller parameter; e mean half path length; f energy-shift parameter; g, h R-factor = data i-fit i 2 i data i and reduced χ 2 = N idp data i-fit i N i pts ε i 2 N idp -N var -1. N idp, N pts, and N var are, respectively, the number of independent points in the model fit, the total number of data points, the number of variables in the fit, and ε i is the uncertainty of the i th data point. 3 N idp /N var = 10/5; i constrained to the mean σ 2 of sodium(meta)arsenite and arsenolite; j constrained to the mean σ 2 of tris(phenyl)thioarsine, realgar, and orpiment. 8. References 1. He, Z. Q.; Ohno, T.; Cade-Menun, B. J.; Erich, M. S.; Honeycutt, C. W. Spectral and chemical characterization of phosphates associated with humic substances. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2006, 70, Characterization of the International Humic Substances Society Standard and Reference Fulvic and Humic Acids by Solution State Carbon-13 ( 13 C) and Hydrogen-1 ( 1 H) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry; Water-Resources Investigations Report ; U.S. Geological Survey: Denver, Stern, E. A.; Newville, M.; Ravel, B.; Yacoby, Y.; Haskel, D. The UWXAFS analysis package: Philosophy and details. Physica B 1995, 208, S14
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL Zerovalent Iron with High Sulfur Content Enhances the Formation of Cadmium Sulfide in Reduced Paddy Soils Yohey Hashimoto 1*, Mitsuhiro Furuya 1, Noriko Yamaguchi 2*, and Tomoyuki
More informationInfrared Spectroscopy
Infrared Spectroscopy Introduction Spectroscopy is an analytical technique which helps determine structure. It destroys little or no sample. The amount of light absorbed by the sample is measured as wavelength
More informationChapter 12 Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy
Organic Chemistry, 6 th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 12 Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Jo Blackburn Richland College, Dallas, TX Dallas County Community College District 2006, Prentice
More informationInfrared Spectroscopy: Identification of Unknown Substances
Infrared Spectroscopy: Identification of Unknown Substances Suppose a white powder is one of the four following molecules. How can they be differentiated? H N N H H H H Na H H H H H A technique that is
More informationLecture 11. IR Theory. Next Class: Lecture Problem 4 due Thin-Layer Chromatography
Lecture 11 IR Theory Next Class: Lecture Problem 4 due Thin-Layer Chromatography This Week In Lab: Ch 6: Procedures 2 & 3 Procedure 4 (outside of lab) Next Week in Lab: Ch 7: PreLab Due Quiz 4 Ch 5 Final
More informationIntroduction. A1.1 (a) Shell number and number of subshells 1. A1.1 (b) Orbitals 2. A1.1 (c ) Orbital shapes (s, p & d) 2
Preface Table of Contents Introduction i A1.1 (a) Shell number and number of subshells 1 A1.1 (b) Orbitals 2 A1.1 (c ) Orbital shapes (s, p & d) 2 A1.1 (d) Relative energies of s,p,d,f sub-shells 4 A 1.1
More informationto Soil Components and EFPC Soils
On the tickiness of Mercury(II) to Soil Components and EFPC Soils Kathryn L. Nagy University of Illinois at Chicago Brett Poulin, Joseph N. Ryan University of Colorado Boulder George R. Aiken USGS Alain
More informationELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES AND HOW THEY ARE REPRESENTED. Jan 12-13, 2014
ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES AND HOW THEY ARE REPRESENTED Jan 12-13, 2014 WHAT ARE ELEMENTS? Elements are pure substances Made of only one kind of material Has definite properties, and Is the same
More informationElectronic Supporting Information
Electronic Supporting Information A luminescent-water soluble inorganic co-crystal for a selective picomolar range Arsenic(III) sensor in water medium Biswajit Dey a, * Rajat Saha, b Priyanka Mukherjee
More informationAP Chemistry Unit #4. Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry
AP Chemistry Unit #4 Chapter 4 Zumdahl & Zumdahl Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry Students should be able to: Predict to some extent whether a substance will be a strong electrolyte,
More informationSUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR THE MANUSCRIPT. Phenanthrene sorption to soil humic acid and humin fractions
SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR THE MANUSCRIPT Phenanthrene sorption to soil humic acid and humin fractions Bei Wen a *, Jing-jing Zhang a, Shu-zhen Zhang a, Xiao-quan Shan a *, Shahamat U. Khan b and Baoshan
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Chemical speciation of cadmium and sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy in flooded paddy soils amended with zero-valent ion Yohey Hashimoto 1), and Noriko Yamaguchi 2) 1) Corresponding
More information6. CHARACTERIZATION OF AS (III) IONS BIOSORPTION BY THE LIVE, HEAT AND ALKALINE- TREATED FUNGAL BIOMASS ON THE BASICS OF SURFACE STUDIES
6. CHARACTERIZATION OF AS (III) IONS BIOSORPTION BY THE LIVE, HEAT AND ALKALINE- TREATED FUNGAL BIOMASS ON THE BASICS OF SURFACE STUDIES 6. Introduction Infrared spectroscopy is a technique used to identify
More informationChapter 9 Periodic Law The structure of molecules and describing reactions
Chapter 9 Periodic Law The structure of molecules and describing reactions Reading Assignment: Read the entire chapter. Homework: see the web site for homework. http://web.fccj.org/~smilczan/psc/homework7_11.htm
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Chemo-selectivity of IBX oxidation of hydroxybenzyl alcohols in the presence of Hemicucurbit[6]uril Hang Cong, a,b Takehiko Yamato* a and Zhu Tao b a Department of Applied Chemistry,
More informationIntroduction. The analysis of the outcome of a reaction requires that we know the full structure of the products as well as the reactants
Introduction The analysis of the outcome of a reaction requires that we know the full structure of the products as well as the reactants Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Unlike mass spectrometry,
More informationCHEM 203. Final Exam December 15, 2010 ANSWERS. This a closed-notes, closed-book exam. You may use your set of molecular models
CEM 203 Final Exam December 15, 2010 Your name: ANSWERS This a closed-notes, closed-book exam You may use your set of molecular models This test contains 15 pages Time: 2h 30 min 1. / 16 2. / 15 3. / 24
More information1) What is the volume of a tank that can hold Kg of methanol whose density is 0.788g/cm 3?
1) Convert the following 1) 125 g to Kg 6) 26.9 dm 3 to cm 3 11) 1.8µL to cm 3 16) 4.8 lb to Kg 21) 23 F to K 2) 21.3 Km to cm 7) 18.2 ml to cm 3 12) 2.45 L to µm 3 17) 1.2 m to inches 22) 180 ºC to K
More informationWelcome to Organic Chemistry II
Welcome to Organic Chemistry II Erika Bryant, Ph.D. erika.bryant@hccs.edu Class Syllabus 3 CHAPTER 12: STRUCTURE DETERMINATION 4 What is this solution Soda Tea Coffee??? 5 What is this solution Soda Tea
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Green Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information A novel enzymatic approach to develop a lignin-based adhesive for
More informationTYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Precipitation Reactions Compounds Soluble Ionic Compounds 1. Group 1A cations and NH 4 + 2. Nitrates (NO 3 ) Acetates (CH 3 COO ) Chlorates (ClO 3 ) Perchlorates (ClO 4 ) Solubility
More informationUnsolved problems in biology
Unsolved problems in biology What can advanced x-ray spectroscopy contribute? James Penner-Hahn Biophysics Research Division and Department of Chemistry The University of Michigan Metalloproteins 30-50%
More informationIntroduction to EXAFS data analysis. Shelly D. Kelly Argonne National Laboratory
Introduction to EXAFS data analysis Shelly D. Kelly Argonne National Laboratory Data processing overview Absorption data Crystal structures (Atoms) Background subtracted EXAFS data (IFEFFIT) Theoretical
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CALGARY FACULTY OF SCIENCE MIDTERM EXAMINATION CHEMISTRY 353 READ ALL THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY
WEDNESDAY MARCH 9th, 2016 UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY FACULTY OF SCIENCE MIDTERM EXAMINATION CHEMISTRY 353 Version 1 Time: 2 Hours READ ALL THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY PLEASE WRITE YOUR NAME, STUDENT I.D. NUMBER
More informationAdvanced Pharmaceutical Analysis
Lecture 2 Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis IR spectroscopy Dr. Baraa Ramzi Infrared Spectroscopy It is a powerful tool for identifying pure organic and inorganic compounds. Every molecular compound has
More information12. Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy
12. Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Determining the Structure of an Organic Compound The analysis of the outcome of a reaction requires that we know the full structure
More informationChapter 24. Amines. Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 7 th edition
Chapter 24. Amines Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 7 th edition Amines Organic Nitrogen Compounds Organic derivatives of ammonia, NH 3, Nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons, making amines
More informationSPECTROSCOPY MEASURES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND MATTER
SPECTROSCOPY MEASURES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND MATTER c = c: speed of light 3.00 x 10 8 m/s (lamda): wavelength (m) (nu): frequency (Hz) Increasing E (J) Increasing (Hz) E = h h - Planck s constant
More informationAP Chemistry Honors Unit Chemistry #4 2 Unit 3. Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry
HO AP Chemistry Honors Unit Chemistry #4 2 Unit 3 Chapter 4 Zumdahl & Zumdahl Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry Students should be able to:! Predict to some extent whether a substance
More informationIn situ speciation studies of copper in the electroplating sludge under an electric field
Spectrochimica Acta Part A 6 (24) 2387 2391 In situ speciation studies of copper in the electroplating sludge under an electric field S.-H. Liu, H. Paul Wang Department of Environmental Engineering, National
More informationCHEM 3.2 (AS91388) 3 credits. Demonstrate understanding of spectroscopic data in chemistry
CHEM 3.2 (AS91388) 3 credits Demonstrate understanding of spectroscopic data in chemistry Spectroscopic data is limited to mass, infrared (IR) and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Organic
More informationObjective 4. Determine (characterize) the structure of a compound using IR, NMR, MS.
Objective 4. Determine (characterize) the structure of a compound using IR, NMR, MS. Skills: Draw structure IR: match bond type to IR peak NMR: ID number of non-equivalent H s, relate peak splitting to
More informationmaterials and their properties
materials and their properties macroscopic properties phase state strength / stiffness electrical conductivity chemical properties color / transparence spectroscopical properties surface properties density
More informationSupplementary Materials for
advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/4/10/eaas9319/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Transformation of alcohols to esters promoted by hydrogen bonds using oxygen as the oxidant under metal-free conditions
More informationInfrared Spectroscopy An Instrumental Method for Detecting Functional Groups
Infrared Spectroscopy An Instrumental Method for Detecting Functional Groups 1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Infrared Spectroscopy I. Physics Review Frequency, υ (nu), is the number of wave cycles that
More informationChapter 9. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Ch. 9-1
Chapter 9 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Ch. 9-1 1. Introduction Classic methods for organic structure determination Boiling point Refractive index Solubility tests Functional group tests Derivative preparation
More information1 Which of the following cannot be used to detect alcohol in a breathalyser test? Fractional distillation. Fuel cell. Infrared spectroscopy
1 Which of the following cannot be used to detect alcohol in a breathalyser test? Fractional distillation Fuel cell Infrared spectroscopy Reduction of dichromate(vi) ions 2 Propanal, H 3 H 2 HO, and propanone,
More information7a. Structure Elucidation: IR and 13 C-NMR Spectroscopies (text , , 12.10)
2009, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario 7a.1 7a. Structure Elucidation: IR and 13 C-NMR Spectroscopies (text 11.1 11.5, 12.1 12.5, 12.10) A. Electromagnetic Radiation Energy is
More informationEXPT. 7 CHARACTERISATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS USING IR SPECTROSCOPY
EXPT. 7 CHARACTERISATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS USING IR SPECTROSCOPY Structure 7.1 Introduction Objectives 7.2 Principle 7.3 Requirements 7.4 Strategy for the Interpretation of IR Spectra 7.5 Practice Problems
More informationPractice Exam Topic 9: Oxidation & Reduction
Name Practice Exam Topic 9: Oxidation & Reduction 1. What are the oxidation numbers of the elements in sulfuric acid, H 2 SO 4? Hydrogen Sulfur Oxygen A. +1 +6 2 B. +1 +4 2 C. +2 +1 +4 D. +2 +6 8 2. Consider
More informationChapter 4: Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. 4.1 Some Electronic Properties of Aqueous Solutions
Chapter : Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Water: the universal solvent ¾ of Earth s surface water in living organisms Some Electrical Properties of Aqueous Solutions Reactions of Acids and Bases
More informationInfra-red Spectroscopy
Molecular vibrations are associated with the absorption of energy (infrared activity) by the molecule as sets of atoms (molecular moieties) vibrate about the mean center of their chemical bonds. Infra-red
More informationName: 1. The mass of a proton is approximately equal to the mass of (1) an alpha particle (2) a beta particle (3) a positron (4) a neutron
Chemistry Section Name: MID TERM STUDY GUIDE Date: A. Multiple Choice. 1. The mass of a proton is approximately equal to the mass of (1) an alpha particle (2) a beta particle (3) a positron (4) a neutron
More informationUnit 7: Formulas and Equations. NaCl. Jan 22 12:35 PM
Unit 7: Formulas and Equations NaCl Aim: Writing a chemical formula using the compound neutrality rule. Bonding and Stability All things in nature contain energy and prefer to be at a lower energy state
More information1.1 Is the following molecule aromatic or not aromatic? Give reasons for your answer.
Page 1 QUESTION ONE 1.1 Is the following molecule aromatic or not aromatic? Give reasons for your answer. 1.2 List four criteria which compounds must meet in order to be considered aromatic. Page 2 QUESTION
More informationElectrochemical Water Splitting by Layered and 3D Cross-linked Manganese Oxides: Correlating Structural Motifs and Catalytic Activity
Electronic Supplementary Information Electrochemical Water Splitting by Layered and 3D Cross-linked Manganese Oxides: Correlating Structural Motifs and Catalytic Activity Arno Bergmann,* a Ivelina Zaharieva,*
More informationOrganic Spectra Infra Red Spectroscopy H. D. Roth. THEORY and INTERPRETATION of ORGANIC SPECTRA H. D. Roth. Infra Red Spectroscopy
rganic Spectra Infra Red Spectroscopy. D. Roth TERY and INTERPRETATIN of RGANI SPETRA. D. Roth Infra Red Spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy (IR) is an analytical technique concerned with molecular vibrations
More information(DCHE21) ASSIGNMENT - 1 M.Sc. (Second) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2019 Second Year CHEMISTRY Analytical Chemistry MAXIMUM : 30 MARKS ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
ASSIGNMENT - 1 Analytical Chemistry (DCHE21) Q1) State and explain Beer s Law mention its limitations. Q2) Write the basic instrumentation, principle and applications of nephelometry. Q3) Define Fluorescence
More informationJEFFERSON COLLEGE COURSE SYLLABUS CHM201 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II. 5 Credit Hours. Prepared by: Richard A. Pierce
JEFFERSON COLLEGE COURSE SYLLABUS CHM201 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II 5 Credit Hours Prepared by: Richard A. Pierce Revised Date: January 2008 by Ryan H. Groeneman Arts & Science Education Dr. Mindy Selsor, Dean
More informationCHEM 241 UNIT 5: PART A DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC STRUCTURES BY SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS [MASS SPECTROMETRY]
CHEM 241 UNIT 5: PART A DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC STRUCTURES BY SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS [MASS SPECTROMETRY] 1 Introduction Outline Mass spectrometry (MS) 2 INTRODUCTION The analysis of the outcome of a reaction
More informationCHEM 203. Midterm Exam 1 October 31, 2008 ANSWERS. This a closed-notes, closed-book exam. You may use your set of molecular models
CEM 203 Midterm Exam 1 ctober 31, 2008 Your name: ANSWERS This a closed-notes, closed-book exam You may use your set of molecular models This exam contains 8 pages Time: 1h 30 min 1. / 15 2. / 16 3. /
More information15.0 g Fe O 2 mol Fe 55.8 g mol Fe = g
CHAPTER Practice Questions.1 1 Mg, O, H and Cl (on each side).. BaCl (aq) + Al (SO ) (aq) BaSO (s) + AlCl (aq).5 0.15 mol 106 g mol 1 = 1. g 15.0 g Fe O mol Fe 55.8 g mol Fe = 10.9 g 1 159.7 g mol FeO
More informationQuestion Answer Mark Guidance 1 (a) Method 1: 100% OR (only) one product OR no waste 2 product OR addition (reaction)
1 (a) Method 1: 100% OR (only) one product OR no waste 2 product OR addition (reaction) ALLOW co-product or by-product for waste product Method 2: < 100% AND two products OR (also) produces NaBr OR (There
More informationExample: How many significant figures are in the measured number ml? (5)
Chem 143 Final Exam Study Guide 1.) Know significant figures. Example: How many significant figures are in the measured number 0.0012030 ml? (5) 2.) Know how to use dimensional analysis. Example: A pipe
More informationEXAFS. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure
AOFSRR Cheiron School 2010, SPring-8 EXAFS Oct. 14th, 2010 Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Iwao Watanabe Ritsumeikan University EXAFS Theory Quantum Mechanics Models Approximations Experiment
More informationName: Period: Score: Everything About Chemical Formulas
Name: Period: Score: Everything About Formulas Compounds have unique names that identify them for us when we study chemical properties and changes. Chemists have devised a shorthand way of representing
More informationAtoms and Bonding. Chapter 18 Physical Science
Atoms and Bonding Chapter 18 Physical Science 2017-2018 Atoms and Bonding: Chemical Bonding The combining of atoms of elements to form new substances. Bonding of atoms determine a compound s properties.
More informationBio-elements. Living organisms requires only 27 of the 90 common chemical elements found in the crust of the earth, to be as its essential components.
Bio-elements Living organisms requires only 27 of the 90 common chemical elements found in the crust of the earth, to be as its essential components. Most of the chemical components of living organisms
More informationExperiment 11: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Experiment 11: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY Purpose: This is an exercise to introduce the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in conjunction with infrared spectroscopy, to determine
More informationFluorescent Chemosensor for Selective Detection of Ag + in an. Aqueous Medium
Electronic supplementary information For A Heptamethine cyanine -Based Colorimetric and Ratiometric Fluorescent Chemosensor for Selective Detection of Ag + in an Aqueous Medium Hong Zheng *, Min Yan, Xiao-Xing
More informationXAS Applications. James E. Penner-Hahn Department of Chemistry & Biophysics Program The University of Michigan. XAS Applications 1
XAS Applications James E. Penner-Hahn Department of Chemistry & Biophysics Program The University of Michigan XAS Applications 1 Characterization of unknown protein Comparison with crystal structure Determination
More informationUnit IV: Chemical Equations & Stoichiometry
Unit IV: Chemical Equations & Stoichiometry A. The chemical equation B. Types of chemical reactions A. Activity series of metals B. Solubility rules C. Rules for writing and balancing equations D. Calculations
More informationCalculate a rate given a species concentration change.
Kinetics Define a rate for a given process. Change in concentration of a reagent with time. A rate is always positive, and is usually referred to with only magnitude (i.e. no sign) Reaction rates can be
More informationCHAPTER 6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Chemistry Name Hour Chemistry Approximate Timeline Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent. CHAPTER 6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Day Plans for the day Assignment(s) for the day 1 Begin Chapter
More informationORGANIC - EGE 5E CH UV AND INFRARED MASS SPECTROMETRY
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: IR SPECTROSCOPY- FREQUENCIES There are specific absorption frequencies in the functional group region that we should be familiar with EXAMPLE: What are the major IR absorptions
More informationGilbert Kirss Foster. Chapter 4. Chemical Bonding. Understanding Climate Change
Gilbert Kirss Foster Chapter 4 Chemical Bonding Understanding Climate Change Chapter Outline 4.1 Types of Chemical Bonds 4.2 Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas 4.3 Lewis Structures 4.4 Electronegativity,
More informationX-ray Spectroscopy. Interaction of X-rays with matter XANES and EXAFS XANES analysis Pre-edge analysis EXAFS analysis
X-ray Spectroscopy Interaction of X-rays with matter XANES and EXAFS XANES analysis Pre-edge analysis EXAFS analysis Element specific Sensitive to low concentrations (0.01-0.1 %) Why XAS? Applicable under
More information1.1. IR is part of electromagnetic spectrum between visible and microwave
CH2SWK 44/6416 IR Spectroscopy 2013Feb5 1 1. Theory and properties 1.1. IR is part of electromagnetic spectrum between visible and microwave 1.2. 4000 to 400 cm -1 (wave numbers) most interesting to organic
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticle: Synthesis, Characterization and Bio-imaging Application S.C. Ray (a),*, Arindam Saha, Nikhil R. Jana * and Rupa Sarkar Centre for Advanced Materials,
More information5 questions, 3 points each, 15 points total possible. 26 Fe Cu Ni Co Pd Ag Ru 101.
Physical Chemistry II Lab CHEM 4644 spring 2017 final exam KEY 5 questions, 3 points each, 15 points total possible h = 6.626 10-34 J s c = 3.00 10 8 m/s 1 GHz = 10 9 s -1. B= h 8π 2 I ν= 1 2 π k μ 6 P
More informationLesson 18: POST Pre-Comp Review
NOTES Name: Date: Class: Box 1: Lesson 18: POST Pre-Comp Review 1. What are some chemical changes you ve observed in your everyday experience? 2. Name 4 changes that usually indicate that a chemical change
More informationX-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Matthew Newville Center for Advanced Radiation Sources University of Chicago 12-Sept-2014 SES VI SES VI 12-Sept-2014 SES VI What Is XAFS? X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure (XAFS)
More informationInfrared Spectroscopy
Infrared Spectroscopy IR Spectroscopy Used to identify organic compounds IR spectroscopy provides a 100% identification if the spectrum is matched. If not, IR at least provides information about the types
More informationExam 3. Objectives: Nomenclature
Exam 3 Objectives: o Nomenclature m-nm, m(vos)-nm, nm-nm o Evidence for Chemical Reactions o Writing Chemical Equations o Balancing Chemical Equations o Classifying Chemical Reactions o Combination Reactions
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solutions
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 1 Chapter 4 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions (4.1) Precipitation Reactions (4.2) Acid-Base Reactions (4.3) Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (4.4) Concentration of Solutions
More informationCHEM 3760 Orgo I, F14 (Lab #11) (TECH 710)
CHEM 3760 Orgo I, F14 (Lab #11) (TECH 710) Identification of an Unknown by IR PRELAB (PreLab is due before entering the lab.) Every student has to prepare for each experiment by answering the Pre-Laboratory
More informationOrganic Chemistry II (CHE ) Examination I February 11, Name (Print legibly): Key. Student ID#:
rganic hemistry II (HE 232-001) Examination I February 11, 2009 Name (Print legibly): Key (last) (first) Student ID#: PLEASE observe the following: You are allowed to have scratch paper (provided by me),
More informationChapter 20 Amines-part 2
Reactions of Amines Lone pair on the nitrogen directs the chemistry of amines Chapter 20 Amines-part 2 The nitrogen lone pair can also make a carbon nucleophilic by resonance Amines can also activate carbons
More informationUnit (2) Quantitative Chemistry
Unit (2) Quantitative Chemistry Chapter (1) :The mole & chemical equation Lesson (1) Mole and chemical equation Chemical equation: The chemical symbols and formulas of the reactants and products which
More informationHow do atoms of elements exist in the
How do atoms of elements exist in the nature? How do atoms of elements exist in the nature? But noble gases like He,Ne,Ar,Kr,Xe,Rn etc do not exist in the nature in the combined state..they exist as monoatomic
More informationChemistry Review. a) all of the b) a&b c) a,b&c d) a,b&d above
Chemistry Review 1. The elements whose symbols are P, C, and N are (a) potassium, cadmium, and nickel. (b) potassium, carbon, and nitrogen. (c) phosphorus, calcium, and neon. (d) phosphorus, carbon, and
More informationChemical Reactions. Chemical changes are occurring around us all the time
Chemical changes are occurring around us all the time Food cooking Fuel being burned in a car s engine Oxygen being used in the human body The starting materials are called reactants The ending materials
More information1st Semester Review Worth 10% of Exam Score
1st Semester Review 2014-2015 Worth 10% of Exam Score Name: P: 1. Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for a neutral atom of oxygen in the ground state? A) 1s 2 2p 4 B) 1s 2 2s
More informationCHEMISTRY HIGHER LEVEL
*P15* PRE-LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2008 CHEMISTRY HIGHER LEVEL TIME: 3 HOURS 400 MARKS Answer eight questions in all These must include at least two questions from Section A All questions carry
More information(a) Name the alcohol and catalyst which would be used to make X. (2)
1 The chemical X is an ester with formula CH 3 COOC(CH 3 ) 3 which occurs in raspberries and pears. It can be prepared in the laboratory by refluxing ethanoic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a
More informationChemistry 104 Final Exam Content Evaluation and Preparation for General Chemistry I Material
Chemistry 104 Final Exam Content Evaluation and Preparation for General Chemistry I Material What is 25 mph in mm s 1? Unit conversions What is 1025 K in o F? Which is larger 1 ft 3 or 0.1 m 3? What is
More informationMore information can be found in Chapter 12 in your textbook for CHEM 3750/ 3770 and on pages in your laboratory manual.
CHEM 3780 rganic Chemistry II Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry Review More information can be found in Chapter 12 in your textbook for CHEM 3750/ 3770 and on pages 13-28 in your laboratory manual.
More informationSIR MICHELANGELO REFALO SIXTH FORM Half-Yearly Exam 2016
SIR MICHELANGELO REFALO SIXTH FORM Half-Yearly Exam 2016 Subject: Chemistry Intermediate 1 st Year Time: 2Hrs Name: Useful information: 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4dm 3 at S.T.P Avogadro s constant is 6x10
More informationChemistry 231 Fall 2014 Oregon State University Final Exam December 8, 2014 Drs. Nafshun, Watson, Nyman, Barth, Burand
Chemistry 231 Fall 2014 Oregon State University Final Exam December 8, 2014 Drs. Nafshun, Watson, Nyman, Barth, Burand Instructions: You should have with you several number two pencils, an eraser, your
More informationIonic Compounds and Metals
Ionic Compounds and Metals Chapter 7 Ch. 7.1 Chemical bond Cation Anion Vocabulary Ch. 7.2 Ionic bond Ionic compound Binary compound Crystal lattice Electrolyte Lattice energy 2 Objectives Define a chemical
More information100% ionic compounds do not exist but predominantly ionic compounds are formed when metals combine with non-metals.
2.21 Ionic Bonding 100% ionic compounds do not exist but predominantly ionic compounds are formed when metals combine with non-metals. Forming ions Metal atoms lose electrons to form +ve ions. Non-metal
More informationUnit 4a: Solution Stoichiometry Last revised: October 19, 2011 If you are not part of the solution you are the precipitate.
1 Unit 4a: Solution Stoichiometry Last revised: October 19, 2011 If you are not part of the solution you are the precipitate. You should be able to: Vocabulary of water solubility Differentiate between
More informationProperties of Compounds
Chapter 6. Properties of Compounds Comparing properties of elements and compounds Compounds are formed when elements combine together in fixed proportions. The compound formed will often have properties
More informationIONIC CHARGES. Chemistry 51 Review
IONIC CHARGES The ionic charge of an ion is dependent on the number of electrons lost or gained to attain a noble gas configuration. For most main group elements, the ionic charges can be determined from
More informationElectrochemistry. A. Na B. Ba C. S D. N E. Al. 2. What is the oxidation state of Xe in XeO 4? A +8 B +6 C +4 D +2 E 0
Electrochemistry 1. Element M reacts with oxygen to from an oxide with the formula MO. When MO is dissolved in water, the resulting solution is basic. Element M is most likely: A. Na B. Ba C. S D. N E.
More informationBasic radical reactions in water treatment by ionizing radiation
Basic radical reactions in water treatment by ionizing radiation By: László Wojnárovits Selectivity, rate constants, main reactions Do up the buttons again Gomboljuk újra a kabátot! 1 General believes:
More informationSupplemental Information. In Situ Electrochemical Production. of Ultrathin Nickel Nanosheets. for Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Chem, Volume 3 Supplemental Information In Situ Electrochemical Production of Ultrathin Nickel Nanosheets for Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis Chengyi Hu, Qiuyu Ma, Sung-Fu Hung, Zhe-Ning Chen, Daohui
More informationBonding Mrs. Pugliese. Name March 02, 2011
Bonding Mrs. Pugliese Name March 02, 2011 1. Atoms of which element have the greatest tendency to gain electrons? 1. bromine 3. fluorine 2. chlorine 4. iodine 2. Which polyatomic ion contains the greatest
More informationCH 3. mirror plane. CH c d
CAPTER 20 Practice Exercises 20.1 The index of hydrogen deficiency is two. The structural possibilities include two double bonds, a double do 20.3 (a) As this is an alkane, it contains only C and and has
More information(50 pts.) 26. (24 pts.) 27. (8 pts.) 28. (18 pts.) TOTAL (100 points)
Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Spring 2011 Instructor: Professor Torres Examination #2: Section Two March 12, 2011 Name: (print) Name: (sign) Directions: Make sure your examination contains ELEVEN total
More information