CHAPTER 6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
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1 Chemistry Name Hour Chemistry Approximate Timeline Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent. CHAPTER 6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Day Plans for the day Assignment(s) for the day 1 Begin Chapter Counting by weighing Assignment 6.0 Assignment 6.1a o Atomic masses counting by weighing o The MOLE atoms moles grams moles atoms grams 2 o The MOLE Assignment 6.1b atoms moles grams moles atoms grams 3 Quiz 6.1 Atoms & Moles Assignment 6.1c Discuss Experiment 22 The Bean Lab 4 Perform Experiment 22 The Bean Lab Read section(s) 6.2 Lab Report due in 2 days Molar mass & % Composition Assignment 6.2 Read section(s) Quiz 6.2 Molar Mass & % Composition Assignment 6.3a 6. 3 Formulas of Compounds o Empirical Formulas o Calculation of Empirical Formulas 7 Discuss Empirical Formula Lab 8 Perform Empirical Formula Lab Lab Report due in 2 days Formulas of Compounds Assignment 6.3b o Calculation of Molecular Formulas 10 Quiz 6.3 Formulas of Compounds Assignment Grade & discuss Assignment 6.4 Review for chapter 6 test 12 Chapter 6 Test Read section(s)
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3 Chemistry Name Hour Study Guides Chapter 6 Quizzes Quiz 6.1 Atoms & Moles 1. What two pieces of information are needed in order to count by weighing? 2. Define the term mole. (The chemistry mole, not some other version.) 3. How many carbon atoms are in exactly one mole of carbon? 4. What is the name given to the number of carbon atoms in exactly one mole of carbon? 5. Be able to convert between units of grams, moles, and atoms. Quiz 6.2 Molar Mass & Percent Composition 6. Define the term molar mass. 7. How would you obtain the molar mass of a compound? 8. What is the basic equation used to calculate a percentage? 9. Be able to calculate the molar mass of a substance. Quiz 6.3 Formulas of Compounds 1. Define the term empirical formula and give one example. 2. Define the term molecular formula and give one example. 3. Given the molecular formula of a compound, write its empirical formula. 4. Calculate the empirical formula of a compound. 5. Calculate the molecular formula of a compound.
4 Study Guide Chapter 6 Test At the completion of chapter 6 you should 1. Know the definitions of the following terms. a. Mole b. Avogadro s number c. Molar mass d. Mass percent e. Empirical formula f. Molecular formula 2. Counting by weighing a. Know the two things needed to count by weighing. b. Be able to perform the calculation. 3. The Mole a. Define the term mole b. Know the number of objects in one mole and the name given to this number. c. Be able to perform calculations involving moles. i. number of atoms to moles ii. moles to number of atoms iii. grams to moles iv. moles to grams v. atoms to grams vi. grams to atoms 4. Molar Mass a. Define the term molar mass. b. Be able to calculate the molar mass of any chemical compound. 5. Percent Composition a. Be able to calculate the percent composition of a compound. 6. Formulas of Compounds a. Be able to find the empirical formula of a compound. i. Starting with the molecular formula. ii. Starting with grams of each element. iii. Starting with percent composition of the compound. b. Be able to find the molecular formula of a compound. i. Starting with the empirical formula. ii. Starting with grams of each element. iii. Starting with percent composition of the compound.
5 Chemistry Name Hour Define each of the following terms. 1. Mole Assignment 6.0 Vocabulary 2. Avogadro s number 3. Molar mass 4. Mass percent 5. Empirical formula 6. Molecular formula
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7 Chemistry Name Hour Assignment 6.1a Grams, Moles, & Molecules (1) Perform the following conversions. You must use dimensional analysis. No work = No credit. 1) moles N to grams 2) 908 moles H to grams 3) moles of Li to atoms 4) moles of Cr to atoms 5) 1.09 grams Cu to moles 6) 9.5 grams P to moles 7) grams Ca to atoms 8) grams Cs to atoms
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9 Chemistry Name Hour Assignment 6.1b Grams, Moles, & Molecules (2) Perform the following conversions. You must use dimensional analysis. No work = No credit. 1) x atoms Fe to grams 2) 9.29 x atoms Na to grams 3) 3.0 x atoms Ba to moles 4) 7.05 x atoms S to moles 5) 6.80 moles Zn to grams 6) 36.0 moles of Ba to atoms 7) grams of C to moles 8) 4500 grams K to moles 9) 2.07 moles Br to grams 10) 4.25 grams Cd to moles
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11 Chemistry Name Hour Assignment 6.1c Atoms & Moles (2 pages) 1) Suppose you work in a hardware store. The manager asks you to fill an order for an important customer who is waiting impatiently. You need 1200 nuts and 1200 bolts. Unfortunately the nuts and bolts are not boxed they are loose in big buckets. How can you earn a bonus from your boss and make the customer happy by filling the order in less than two minutes? 2) Why is the average atomic mass of any element not a whole number (for example: carbon is amu not 12 amu)? 3) A mole of any substance contains Avogadro s number of atoms. A) Write an equivalence statement for this definition. B) Write the possible conversion factors from this relationship. C) To determine the following, tell which conversion factor you would need to use. i) Moles Al from atoms Al ii) Atoms Au from mole Au
12 4) Complete the following table. Show your work below the table. No work = No credit. Mass of Sample Moles of Sample Atoms in Sample mol Al 25.4 g Fe 2.13 x atoms Au 5) Which sample contains more atoms: 3.89 g of nickel or 6.61 g of silver? Show your work. No work = No credit.
13 Chemistry Name Hour Assignment 6.2 Molar Mass & Percent Composition (2 pages) Solve each of the following problems. No work = No credit. 1) Determine the molar mass of each of the following: A) NH 3 B) H 2 O C) H 2 SO 4 D) Ca(NO 3 ) 2 2) Determine the mass of each of the following samples: A) 3 moles NH 3 B) 0.25 moles H 2 O C) 5.0 moles H 2 SO 4 D) 0.75 moles Ca(NO 3 ) 2
14 3) Complete the following table. Show your work below the table. Moles Mass # of molecules 4.7 moles NH g H 2 O 5.21 x molecules CH 4 4) Explain how you would find the mass percent of each element in water. (Don t do the math, just explain with words.) 5) Calculate the percentage composition of H 2 SO 4.
15 Chemistry Name Assignment 6.3a Empirical Formula (2 pages) Solve each of the following problems. Show all of your work. No work = No credit. 1) Find the empirical formula for a sample that contains g N and g O. Hour 2) What is the empirical formula of a substance that is composed of g of carbon, 1.41 g of hydrogen, and g of oxygen? 3) Analysis of an unknown substance reveals that it contains g C and 3.79 g H. What is the empirical formula of the substance? 4) A 25.0 g sample of an orange compound contains 6.64 g of potassium, 8.84 g of chromium, and 9.52 g of oxygen. Find the empirical formula.
16 5) Find the empirical formula of a compound composed of 27.08% tin and 72.92% bromine. 6) Determine the simplest formula of citric acid, which has the composition: 37.51% C, 4.20% H, 58.29% O. 7) Determine the simplest formula of tetraethyl lead, which has the composition: 29.71% C, 6.234% H, 64.07% Pb. 8) A scientist finds that a compound is 78.24% silver, 4.36% carbon, and 17.41% oxygen. What is the empirical formula of the compound?
17 Chemistry Name Assignment 6.3b Molecular Formula (2 pages) Solve each of the following problems. Show all of your work. No work = No credit. Hour 1) A compound with the empirical formula CH 2 O was found to have a molar mass between 89 and 91 grams. What is the molecular formula of the compound? 2) A compound containing g of nitrogen and g of oxygen was found to have a molecular mass of g. What is the molecular formula of the compound? 3) Another compound was tested and was found to contain g C, 2.83 g H, and 5.60 g O. The molar mass is g/mol. What is the molecular formula of the compound?
18 4) The molar mass of a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and chlorine is g. Analysis found the percentage composition to be 24.27% C, 4.08% H, and 71.65% Cl. What is the molecular formula of the compound? 5) The percentage composition of a compound is 68.87% C, 15.06% H, and 16.07% N. The molar mass of the compound is g. What is the molecular formula of the compound?
19 Chemistry Name Hour Assignment 6.4 Chapter Review NO WORK = NO CREDIT. (8 pages) 1) A sample equal to the atomic mass of an element measured in grams contains atoms. 2) In grams of carbon, there are carbon atoms. 3) Calculate the average mass in grams of 1 atom of oxygen. 4) Using the average atomic masses for each element, calculate the number of moles of each element in samples with the following masses. A) 41.5 grams of calcium B) 1.42 x grams of palladium C) 1.00 kg of iron
20 5) Using the average atomic masses for each element, calculate the mass in grams in each of the following samples. A) mol of nickel B) 72.5 mol of lead C) 4.87 x 10 3 mol of aluminum 6) Calculate the molar mass for each of the following substances. A) magnesium sulfate B) copper(ii) nitrate C) phenol, C 6 H 6 O
21 Chemistry Name 7) Calculate the number of moles of the indicated substances in each of the following samples. A) 7.44 x 10 4 kg of lead(iv) oxide Hour B) 3.27 mg of trichloroethane, C 2 H 3 Cl 3 C) 521 g of copper(i) chloride 8) Calculate the mass in grams of each of the following samples. A) 1.91 x 10-3 mol of benzene, C 6 H 6 B) 4.56 x 10 5 mol of ethanol, C 2 H 5 OH C) 2.27 mol of calcium nitrate
22 9) Calculate the number of molecules present in each of the following samples. A) 6.37 g of carbon monoxide B) 2.62 x 10-6 mol of water C) 5.23 g of benzene, C 6 H 6 10) Calculate the percent by mass of each element in the following compounds. A) sodium sulfite B) sodium thiosulfate, Na 2 S 2 O 3
23 Chemistry Name Hour C) potassium hydrogen phosphate, K 2 HPO 4 11) Give the empirical formula that corresponds to each of the following molecular formulas. A) terephthalic acid, C 8 H 6 O 4 B) 1,4-dichloro-2-butene, C 4 H 6 Cl 2 12) A new compound has been prepared. A g sample was analyzed and was found to contain the following masses of elements. Determine the empirical formula of the new compound. carbon, g hydrogen, g oxygen, g chlorine, g
24 13) A compound has the following percentages by mass. Determine the empirical formula of this compound. barium, 58.84% sulfur, 13.74% oxygen, 27.43% 14) If cobalt metal is mixed with excess sulfur and heated strongly, a sulfide is produced that contains 55.0% cobalt by mass. Calculate the empirical formula of the compound.
25 Chemistry Name 15) A compound with empirical formula CH 2 was found to have a molar mass of approximately 84 g. What is the molecular formula of the compound? Hour 16) A compound having a molar mass of grams has the following percentage composition by mass. Find both the empirical and molecular formulas of the compound. carbon, 42.87% hydrogen, 3.598% oxygen, 28.55% nitrogen, 25.00%
26 17) A compound consists of 65.45% C, 5.492% H, and 29.06% O by mass and has a molar mass of approximately 110 grams. Determine the empirical and molecular formulas of the compound.
4) Tetrasulfur trioxide. 5) barium fluoride. 6) nitric acid. 7) ammonia
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