in eco-efficient construction

Transcription

1 Na notechnology in eco-efficient construction Edited by F. Pacheca-Targal, M. V. Diamanti, A. Nazari and C-G. Granqvist WP WOODHEAD PUBLISHING Oxford Cambridge Philadelphia New Delhi Woodhead Publishing Umited, 2013

2 Contents Contributor contact details x Introduction to nanotechnology in eco-efficient construction F. PACHECO-ToRGAL, University of Minho, Portugal 1.1 Introduction The need for nanotechnology in the construction sector Outline of the book References 5 Part I Infrastructural applications 7 2 Nanoscience and nanoengineering of cement-based materials 9 G. CONSTANTINIDES, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus 2.1 Introduction Nanoscience of cement-based materials Nanoengineering of cement-based materials Conclusion References 29 3 Nanoparticles for high performance concrete (HPC) 38 F. PACHECO-ToRGAL, University of Minho, Portugal, S. MIRALDO, University of Aveiro, Portugal, Y. DING, Dalian University of Technology, China and 1. A. LABRINCHA, University of Aveiro & CICECO, Portugal 3.1 Introduction Concrete with nanoparticles The problem of efficient nanoparticle dispersion 45 v

3 vi Contents 3.4 Conclusions References 49 4 Self-sensing concrete with nanomaterials 53 Z. CHEN and Y. DING, Dalian University of Technology, China, F. PACHECO-ToRGAL and Y. ZHANG, University of Minho, Portugal 4.1 Introduction Studying conductive admixtures in concrete Influence of conductive admixtures on the mechanical properties of concrete Influence of conductive admixtures on the electrical properties of concrete beams Strain and damage in concrete beams (self-diagnosing of damage) Diphasic electrical conductive materials Conclusions References 74 5 The use of nanotechnology to improve the bulk and surface properties of steel for structural applications 75 X. Sm, Montana State University, USA, Z. XIAO, Shenzhen Jinzhou Precision Technology Corp., China and 1. Wu, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China 5.1 Introduction Research relating to nanocomposite steel Properties of nanocomposite steel Future trends References Nanoclay-modified asphalt mixtures for eco-efficient construction 108 S. GHAFFARPOUR JAHROMI, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Iran 6.1 Introduction Research on nanoclay-modified asphalt mixtures Material and methods Rheological tests and results Mechanical testing of asphalt mixtures Conclusion Future trends References 125

4 Contents vii 7 Safety issues relating to nanomaterials for construction applications 127 M. SPITZMILLER, S. MAHENDRA and R. DAMOISEAUX, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA 7.1 Introduction to nanotoxicity Potential nano-hazards of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) utilized in construction Lifecycle of nano-enabled structures Toxicity profiling for nanomaterials Future trends and conclusions References 151 Part 11 Applications for building energy efficiency Thin films and nanostructured coatings for eco-efficient buildings 161 C. G. GRANQVIST, Uppsala University, Sweden 8.1 Introduction Major thin film technologies and some illustrative examples Large-scale manufacturing Conclusion and future trends References High performance thermal insulation materials for buildings 188 R. BAETENS, KU Leuven, Belgium 9.1 Introduction Heat transfer in thermal insulators State-of-the-art insulators Applications Future trends References Silica nanogel for energy-efficient windows 207 C. BURATTI and E. MORETTI, University of Perugia, Italy 10.1 Introduction Aerogels for windows Current applications of aerogels in buildings Performance of nanogel windows Future trends References 232

5 viii Contents 11 Switchable glazing technology for eco-efficient construction 236 C. G. GRANQVIST, Uppsala University, Sweden 11.1 Introduction Electrochromics: materials and devices Thermochromics: materials and devices Future trends in electrochromic and thermochromie glazing Refercnces Third generation photovoltaic (PV) cells for eco-efficient buildings and other applications 270 L. A. LA'.10NT, Matt MacDonald Ud, UK 12.1 Introduction History of photovoltaic (PV) cells Functions of a photovoltaic (PV) cell Overview of photovoltaic (PV) technology: first, second and third generation cells The use of nanoteehnology in photovoltaic (PV) technology Future trends References 294 Part 111 Photocatalytic applications Concrete, mortar and piaster using titanium dioxide nanoparticles: applications in pollution controi, self-c1eaning and photo sterilization 299 M. VIlTORIA DIAMANT! and M. P. PEDEFERRI, Politccnico di Milano, Italy 13.1 Introduction Principles of heterogeneous photoeatalysis Applications of semieonduetor photocatalysis Ti0 2 in eement-based materials Effieieney of TiO z in the built environment Pilot projeets and field tests Existing patents and standards relating 10 photocatalytic cementitious materials Referenees Self-c1eaning tiles and glasses for eco-efficient buildings 327 D. SYNNOTI, N. NOLAN, D. RYAN, 1. COLREAVY and S. C. PILLAI, FOCAS Institute, Republic of Ireland

6 Contents IX 14.1 Introduction Important production parameters Mechanism of self-cleaning glasses and tiles Future trends Acknowledgement References Nanotechnology in manufacturing paints for eco-efficient buildings 343 C. DEL CACHO, 0. GEISS, P. LEVA, S. TIRENDI and J. BARRERO-MoRENO, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Italy 15.1 Introduction Application of photocatalytic paints in an outdoor environment Application of photocatalytic paints in an indoor environment Potential formation of by-products Future trends References Appendix: acronyms and definitions Nanotechnology for domestic water purification 364 S. KAR and P. K. TEWARI, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 16.1 Introduction Nanomaterials and water purification The need for nanomaterials in water purification Types, properties and uses of nanomaterials in water purification Synthesis of nanomaterials Nanotechnology: health, safety and environment Domestic water purification: challenges to bring about an integrated system Acknowledgments References 416 Index 428