CHEMISTRY YEAR 3 REACTIONS SKILL (CHEMIS)TREE

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1 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS SKILL (HEMIS)TREE

2 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS MOLEULR FORMULS E molecular formula tells you which types of atoms are present in a molecule and how many of each are present. For the latter we use indexes. These are written down on the lower right-hand side of the type of atom the belong to. The value of the index is equal to the number of atoms (of this type of atom) that a present in the molecule. Sometimes you might see a type of atom that does not have an index. That means there is only one lip: Molecular formulas atom of this type of atom present and to shorten the formula a bit, a one does not have to be written down. EXERISE 1: MOLEULR FORMULS LEVEL 1 D E F Write down the molecular formula of a substance with two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Write down the molecular formula of a substance with six hydrogen atoms and two carbon atoms. Write down the molecular formula of a substance with six hydrogen atoms and two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. Write down the molecular formula of a substance with two oxygen atoms and two carbon atoms. Write down the molecular formula of a substance with eight hydrogen atoms, one oxygen atom and four carbon atoms. Write down the molecular formula of a substance with one carbon atom, one hydrogen atom and one nitrogen atom. EXERISE 2: MOLEULR FORMULS LEVEL 1 D E F Write down the molecular formula of a substance with one nitrogen atom, one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom. Write down the molecular formula of a substance with three carbon atoms, one oxygen atom and six hydrogen atoms. Write down the molecular formula of a substance with two carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms. Write down the molecular formula of a substance with one nitrogen atom, one oxygen atom, six carbon atoms and five hydrogen atoms. Write down the molecular formula of a substance with five carbon atoms, two oxygen atoms, two sulfur atoms and eight hydrogen atoms. Write down the molecular formula of a substance with fourteen hydrogen atoms, eight carbon atoms, four nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

3 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS EXERISE 3: MOLEULR FORMULS LEVEL 2 Write for the following molecular formulas down which types of atoms are present and how many atoms of each type of atom are present. : H 3 F : 6 H 12 O 6 : N 2 SO 2 D: 4 H 9 NO 2 EXERISE 4: MOLEULR FORMULS LEVEL 3 Write down the molecular formula of the following substances: : : H H H O N N H N S H H H H H H r H H 3 l F

4 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS WORD EQUTIONS EXERISE 5: WORD EQUTIONS LEVEL 1 Write down the word equation of the following reactions: The reaction of iodine with chlorine to form iodinetrichloride. The reaction of hydrogen with oxygen to form water. The reaction of sodium with chlorine to form sodiumchloride. EXERISE 6: WORD EQUTIONS LEVEL 2 Write down the word equation of the following reactions: The decomposition of methane to hydrogen and carbon. The reaction of hydrogensulfide with oxygen to form water and sulfurdioxide. The reaction of zinc with oxygen to form zincoxide. EXERISE 7: WORD EQUTIONS LEVEL 3 Write down the word equation of the following reactions:. The decomposition of trinitrotoluene to carbondioxide, water, nitrogen and carbon. The reaction of acetone with oxygen to form water and carbondioxide. The reaction of iron with oxygen to form iron(iii)oxide.

5 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS LNING RETION EQUTIONS reaction equation tells you the ratio in which substances react. oefficients are put in front of the molecular formulas and represent how many molecules react or are formed in comparison to the other molecules. It is also important to note that atoms cannot disappear. During chemical reactions they will just covalently bond to other atoms, changing the molecules. So before the reaction and after the reaction we should have the same amount of each type of atom. Take a look at the example below. 2 H 2 + O 2 2 H 2 O lip: lip: Van Tol s Duistere Fruitproducties Reactievergelijkingen On both the left and the right hand side of the arrow you can see that there are two oxygen atoms and four hydrogen atoms present. EXERISE 8: MOLEULR RTIO LEVEL 1 Have a look at the equation. Imagine that 5 molecules of O 2 react. How many molecules of H 2 O will be produced? 2 H 2 + O 2 2 H 2 O Have a look at the equation. Imagine that 12 molecules of H 2 react. How many molecules of N 2 will be produced? 3 H 2 + N 2 2 NH 3 Have a look at the equation. Imagine that 2000 molecules of l are produced. How many molecules of l 2 O 3 will have to react? 2 l 2 O 3 4 l + 3 O 2 D Have a look at the equation. Imagine that molecules of O 2 are produced. How many molecules of S 8 will have to react? S O 2 8 SO 2

6 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS EXERISE 9: LNING EQUTIONS LEVEL 1 Write the following equations in your exercise book and balance them. 2 a +... O 2... ao... K +... O 2 2 K 2 O... Fe + 3 O 2... Fe 2 O 3 D... Pb +... O 2 2 PbO EXERISE 10: LNING EQUTIONS LEVEL 2 Write the following equations in your exercise book and balance them. H l 2... Hl... Mg +... N 2... Mg 3 N 2... N H 2... NH 3 D... H 2 O 2... H 2 O +... O 2 EXERISE 11: LNING EQUTIONS LEVEL 2 Write the following equations in your exercise book and balance them. P O 2... P 2 O 5... NaN 3... Na + N 2... O +... H 2... H 3 OH D... KlO 3... Kl + O 2 EXERISE 12: LNING EQUTIONS LEVEL 2 Write the following equations in your exercise book and balance them H O 2... O H 2 O... 6 H 12 O H 5 OH +... O 2 H 2 SO 4 + u u 2 SO 4 + H 2 D Fe(OH) 3 + Na NaOH + Fe

7 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS EXERISE 13: LNING EQUTIONS LEVEL 2 Write the following equations in your exercise book and balance them.... NH O 2... NO +... H 2 O... SO H 2 O +... r 2... H 2 SO Hr... Hl + O 2 l H 2 O D H 2 SO 4 + Fe Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + H 2 EXERISE 14: LNING EQUTIONS LEVEL 3 Write the following equations in your exercise book and balance them.... l +... Fe 2 O 3 l 2 O 3 + Fe FeS + O 2 Fe 2 O 3 + SO 2 Fe(OH) 3 + H 2 H 2 O + Fe EXERISE 15: LNING EQUTIONS LEVEL 3 Write the following equations in your exercise book and balance them. Pl 5 + H 2 O H 3 PO 4 + Hl s + NaOH Na 3 so 3 + H 2... Fe 2 O 3 + O Fe +... O 2 You can also practice balancing equations on the website listed below. Write the balanced equations in your exercise book. You can also find the links in the description of the ScheikundeFrits clip about reaction equations. (choose advanced)

8 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS RETION EQUTIONS WITH GROUPS EXERISE 16: R.E. WITH GROUPS LEVEL 1 Write the following equations in your exercise book and balance them. NaOH + K 2 S KOH + Na 2 S ao 3 + u u 2 O 3 + a lpo 4 + u u 3 PO 4 + l lip: Reactievergelijkingen met groepen EXERISE 17: RETION EQUTIONS WITH GROUPS LEVEL 2 Write the following equations in your exercise book and balance them. H 2 SO 4 + Fe Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + H 2 KOH + H 3 PO 4 K 3 PO 4 + H 2 O Fe 2 (O 3 ) 3 + Na Na 2 O 3 + Fe EXERISE 18: RETION EQUTIONS WITH GROUPS LEVEL 3 Write the following equations in your exercise book and balance them. al 2 + Na 3 PO 4 a 3 P 2 O 8 + Nal Fe 2 (O 3 ) 3 + Pb 3 (PO 4 ) 4 FePO 4 + Pb(O 3 ) 2 Fe(OH) 3 + l 2 H 2 O 2 + Fel 3

HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS OMUSTION RETIONS combustion reaction is a reacting of a fuel with oxygen. So when making a reaction equation both of them will be the reactants.

9 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS OMUSTION RETIONS combustion reaction is a reacting of a fuel with oxygen. So when making a reaction equation both of them will be the reactants. The reaction products can either be found in the text related to the reaction or, if the combustion reaction is a complete combustion, are predictable. The list below this lip: Verbrandingsreacties paragraph denotes which reaction products are to be expected (if the combustion reaction is a complete combustion) if the fuel contains certain types of atoms. Fuel contains Product -atoms arbon dioxide (O 2 ) H-atoms Water (H 2 O) S-atoms Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) EXERISE 19: OMUSTION RETIONS LEVEL 1 Which reaction products are formed during the complete combustion of the following substances? S 2 D 2 H 6 O H 2 S 2 H 2 SO EXERISE 20: OMUSTION RETIONS LEVEL 1 Write the following equations in your exercise book and balance them.... S 2 + O 2 O 2 + SO H 6 + O 2 O 2 + H 2 O... 4 H 10 O + O 2 O 2 + H 2 O EXERISE 21: OMUSTION RETIONS LEVEL 2 Write the following equations in your exercise book and complete and balance them H 8 + O 2... H 2 S + O H 8 O + O 2

10 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS EXERISE 22: OMUSTION RETIONS LEVEL 3 Write the following equations in your exercise book and complete and balance them H 4 O... 4 H 10 3 H 6 S

11 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS MKING RETION EQUTIONS EXERISE 23: MKING RETION EQUTIONS LEVEL 1 Give the word equation and reaction equation of the following reactions. Take in mind that some reactions are combustion reactions in which you will have to determine what the products of the reaction. Note that some elements consist of multiple atoms. The decomposition of sodium chloride (Nal) to sodium en chlorine. The complete combustion of methane (H 4 ). The complete combustion of carbon. EXERISE 24: MKING RETION EQUTIONS LEVEL 1 Give the word equation and reaction equation of the following reactions. Take in mind that some reactions are combustion reactions in which you will have to determine what the products of the reaction. Note that some elements consist of multiple atoms. The reaction between iodine and chlorine to iodine trichloride (Il 3 ). The complete combustion of ethane ( 2 H 6 ). The complete combustion of hydrogen. EXERISE 25: MKING RETION EQUTIONS LEVEL 2 Give the word equation and reaction equation of the following reactions. Take in mind that some reactions are combustion reactions in which you will have to determine what the products of the reaction. Note that some elements consist of multiple atoms. The reaction between hydrogen and carbon dioxide to water and methane (H 4 ). The complete combustion of dodecane ( 12 H 26 ). The complete combustion of sulfur.

12 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS EXERISE 26: MKING RETION EQUTIONS LEVEL 2 Give the word equation and reaction equation of the following reactions. Take in mind that some reactions are combustion reactions in which you will have to determine what the products of the reaction. Note that some elements consist of multiple atoms. The decomposition of aluminium oxide (l 2 O 3 ) to aluminium and oxygen. The complete combustion of octane ( 8 H 18 ). The complete combustion of ethanethiol ( 2 H 6 S). EXERISE 27: MKING RETION EQUTIONS LEVEL 2 Give the word equation and reaction equation of the following reactions. Take in mind that some reactions are combustion reactions in which you will have to determine what the products of the reaction. Note that some elements consist of multiple atoms. The reaction between water and carbon to hydrogen and carbon monoxide (O). The complete combustion of hexane ( 6 H 14 ). The complete combustion of carbondifulfide (S 2 ). EXERISE 28: MKING RETION EQUTIONS LEVEL 3 Give the word equation and reaction equation of the following reactions. The reaction of nitric acid (HNO 3 ) and iron to iron(iii)nitrate (Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ) and hydrogen. The complete combustion of acetone ( 3 H 6 O). The complete combustion of 2,2-disulfanylethane-1,1-diol ( 2 H 6 S 2 O 2 ). EXERISE 29: MKING RETION EQUTIONS LEVEL 3 Give the word equation and reaction equation of the following reactions. The reaction of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and aluminium to aluminium sulphate (l 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ) and hydrogen. The complete combustion of ethanol ( 2 H 5 OH). The complete combustion of 1-sulfanylpropane-2-ol ( 3 H 8 SO).

13 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS UNITS EXERISE 30: UNITS LEVEL 1 onvert the following units: D 3.0 g = kg 2.0 dm 3 = L 5.4 kg = g 7.2 ml = L EXERISE 31: UNITS LEVEL 2 onvert the following units: 2.0 mg = kg 2.0 cm 3 = L 8.2 kg = g D 9.1 ml = dm 3 EXERISE 32: UNITS LEVEL 3 onvert the following units: 4.0 g/l = kg/m g/cm 3 = g/l 5.7 ton = g D 6.2 ml = m 3 You can find more exercises here:

14 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS LVOISIER S LW You have learned about Lavoisier law or the law of conservation of mass. The law dictates that mass can t disappear, it can only move from one place to another, because it is bound to each of the atoms. This means that the total mass of the substances that have reacted is always equal to the total mass of the reaction products. EXERISE 33: LVOISIER S LW LEVEL 2 Water is formed from the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. alculate the mass in grams of hydrogen and oxygen combined that is required to form 72 grams of water. Explain why the total mass of the substances on the left-hand side of the arrow have to be equal to the total mass of the substances on the right-hand side of the arrow. EXERISE 34: LVOISIER S LW LEVEL 3 Water is formed from the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. alculate the mass in grams of water that is formed when 16 grams of hydrogen reacts with 128 grams of oxygen.

15 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS MOLEULR MSS Each type of atom has its own specific mass. Imagine having a bag of marbles with all marbles being exactly the same. If you know the mass of one marble and know how many marbles are in the bag, you could calculate the combined mass of the marbles by multiplying the mass of a marble by the amount of marbles, because all marbles are exactly the same and therefor have the same mass. The same thing applies to atoms and the molecules the atoms form. Oxygen, O 2, consists of two oxygen atoms. Since these atoms are identical, you will just have to know the mass of one atom (the atomic mass) in order to calculate the total mass of the molecule. This is called the molecular mass. The atomic (and molecular) mass has its own unit: u. We don t use grams because the atomic and molecular mass are very small and it is easier to calculate the mass in u. In your textbook, you can find a table with the atomic mass of each type of atom. EXERISE 35: MOLEULR MSS LEVEL 1 alculate the molecular mass of these molecules. Use the appendix in your textbook. O 2 r 2 S 8 D O 3 EXERISE 36: MOLEULR MSS LEVEL 2 alculate the molecular mass of these molecules. Use the appendix in your textbook. 2 H 6 O NO 2 l 2 O 3 D 6 H 12 O 6 EXERISE 37: MOLEULR MSS LEVEL 3 alculate the molecular mass of these molecules. Use the appendix in your textbook. F 4 H 2 l 2 SiO 2 D l(oh) 3

16 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS MSS RTIO EXERISE 38: MSS RTIO LEVEL 1 Frits has a fruit salade with 30 grams of apples and 60 grams of pears. What is the mass ratio between the apples and the pears in the fruit salade? Frits has a fruit salade with 60 grams of grapes and 40 grams of bananas. What is the mass ratio between the grapes and the bananas in the fruit salade? EXERISE 39: MSS RTIO LEVEL 2 Oxygen and hydrogen react to form water. 8.0 Grams of oxygen will react with 1.0 grams of hydrogen. What is the mass ratio in which oxygen and hydrogen react? Nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia Grams of nitrogen will react with 6.0 grams of hydrogen. What is the mass ratio in which nitrogen and hydrogen react? EXERISE 40: MSS RTIO LEVEL 3 Methane and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water. 8.0 Grams of methane reacts with 32.0 grams of oxygen. During the reaction 22.0 grams of carbon dioxide and 18.0 grams of water are formed. What is the mass ratio in which oxygen reacts and carbon dioxide is formed? Nitrogen and oxygen react to form dinitrogen monoxide Grams of nitrogen reacts with 8.0 grams of oxygen. What is the mass ratio in which oxygen reacts and dinitrogen monoxide is formed?

17 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS LULTE MSS RTIO The reaction equation tells you the ratio in which the molecules react. 2 H 2 + O 2 2 H 2 O In the example above, you can see that two hydrogen molecules react with one oxygen molecule. The molecular ratio in which hydrogen and oxygen react is 2 : 1. You can also see that the molecular ratio in which oxygen reacts and water is formed 1 : 2 is. lip: Massarekenen However, we can t just measure the number of molecules if we want to perform a reaction. What we can do is measure a certain mass of a substance. Therefore, it would be useful to know the mass ratio in which molecules react. Then we could make sure we have enough of both substances to perform the reaction with a little waste as possible or to make sure we get a certain amount of product. You can calculate the mass ratio of a reaction by multiplying the molecular mass of the substances with the coefficients of the molecules, which is found in the reaction equation. EXERISE 41: LULTE MSS RTIO LEVEL 1 alculate the mass ratio in which O 2 en H 2 react. 2 H 2 + O 2 2 H 2 O alculate the mass ratio in which H 2 en N 2 react. 3 H 2 + N 2 2 NH 3 alculate the mass ratio in which l en O 2 are formed. 2 l 2 O 3 4 l + 3 O 2 D alculate the mass ratio in which O 2 en S 8 react. S O 2 8 SO 2

18 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS EXERISE 42: LULTE MSS RTIO LEVEL 2 alculate the mass ratio in which H 2 and O 2 react. 2 H 2 + O 2 2 H 2 O alculate the mass ratio in which H 2 and N 2 react. 3 H 2 + N 2 2 NH 3 alculate the mass ratio in which l 2 O 3 reacts and l is formed. 2 l 2 O 3 4 l + 3 O 2 D alculate the mass ratio in which S 8 and O 2 react. S O 2 8 SO 2 EXERISE 43: LULTE MSS RTIO LEVEL 3 alculate the mass ratio in which H 2 reacts and H 2 O is formed. 2 H 2 + O 2 2 H 2 O alculate the mass ratio in which H 2 reacts and NH 3 is formed. 3 H 2 + N 2 2 NH 3 alculate the mass ratio in which l 2 O 3 reacts and O 2 is formed. 2 l 2 O 3 4 l + 3 O 2 D alculate the mass ratio in which S 8 reacts and SO 2 is formed. S O 2 8 SO 2

19 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS LULTIONS I EXERISE 44: LULTE MSS LEVEL 1 Nitrogen and oxygen react in a mass ratio of 7.0 : 4.0 to form dinitrogen monoxide. alculate the mass of oxygen that has to react when 3.0 grams of nitrogen reacts. lip: lip: Massarekenen Dichtheid EXERISE 45: LULTE MSS LEVEL 1 Sodium and chlorine react in a mass ratio of 23.0 : 25.5 to form sodium chloride. alculate the mass of chlorine that has to react when 1.5 grams of sodium reacts. EXERISE 46: LULTE MSS LEVEL 2 Iron and oxygen react in a mass ratio of 55.8 : 16.0 to form iron(ii)oxide. alculate the mass of iron(ii)oxide that is formed when 2.5 grams of iron react. EXERISE 47: LULTE MSS LEVEL 2 opper and oxygen react in a mass ratio of : 16.0 to form copper(i)oxide. alculate the mass of copper(i)oxide that is formed when 3.0 grams of oxygen react. EXERISE 48: LULTE MSS LEVEL 2 luminium and oxygen react in a mass ratio of 27.0 : 24.0 to form aluminium oxide. alculate the mass of aluminium oxide that is formed when 7.0 grams of aluminium react. EXERISE 49: LULTE MSS LEVEL 3 alcium and chlorine react to form calcium chloride. The mass ratio in which chlorine reacts and calcium chloride is formed is 71.0 : alculate the mass of calcium that reacts when 3.0 grams of calcium chloride is formed.

20 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS EXERISE 50: LULTE MSS LEVEL 3 alcium and oxygen react to form calcium oxide. The mass ratio in which calcium reacts and calcium oxide is formed is 5.0 : 7.0. alculate the mass of oxygen that reacts with 5.0 grams of calcium.

21 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS LULTIONS II EXERISE 51: LULTE MSS LEVEL 1 alculate the mass of H 2 that reacts with 4.0 grams of O 2. 2 H 2 + O 2 2 H 2 O lip: lip: Massarekenen Dichtheid EXERISE 52: LULTE MSS LEVEL 1 alculate the mass of H 2 and the mass of N 2 that have to react to form 5.0 grams of NH 3. 3 H 2 + N 2 2 NH 3 EXERISE 53: LULTE MSS LEVEL 2 alculate the mass of FeS that reacts if 18.0 grams of O 2 react. 4 FeS + 7 O 2 2 Fe 2 O SO 2 EXERISE 54: LULTE MSS LEVEL 2 alculate the mass of Nal that is formed when 22.0 grams of al 2 react with a sufficient amount of Na 3 PO 4. 3 al Na 3 PO 4 a 3 P 2 O Nal EXERISE 55: LULTE MSS LEVEL 2 alculate the mass of 6 H 12 O 6 that is formed when 30.0 liters of O 2 react. The density of O 2 is 1.98 g/l. 6 O H 2 O 6 H 12 O O 2 EXERISE 56: LULTE MSS LEVEL 3 alculate the mass of NaOH that has to react to form 400 milligrams of Na 3 so 3. alance the reaction equation first. s + NaOH Na 3 so 3 + H 2

22 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS EXERISE 57: LULTE MSS LEVEL 2 alculate the mass of Pl 5 that has to react to form 3.5 grams of Hl. alance the reaction equation first. Pl 5 + H 2 O H 3 PO 4 + Hl

23 HEMISTRY YER 3 RETIONS SURPLUS Surplus is an amount of substance that, according to the reaction equation, is in excess in the reaction mixture. This excess can t be used in the chemical reaction because there is not enough of the other reactant(s) to react with. y calculating the maximum mass that can react of each reactant, you can calculate which substance has a surplus present. lip: Overmaat EXERISE 58: SURPLUS LEVEL grams SnO 2 and 3.0 grams of H 2 are combined in a closed off space and react according to the reaction equation below. Try to calculate the mass ratio between SnO 2 and H 2. If you can t calculate the mass ratio, assume that it is 66.0 : 1.0. SnO H 2 Sn + 2 H 2 O alculate the mass of SnO 2 that reacts with 3.0 grams of H 2. alculate the mass of H 2 that reacts with 25.0 grams of SnO 2. alculate which of the substances is in excess and this amount of the surplus. EXERISE 59: SURPLUS LEVEL grams of KOH and 11.0 grams of H 3 PO 4 are combined in a closed off space and react according to the reaction equation below. alculate which substance is in excess and the amount of the surplus. 3 KOH + H 3 PO 4 K 3 PO H 2 O EXERISE 60: SURPLUS LEVEL grams of KNO 3 and grams of H 2 O 3 are combined in a closed off space and react according to the reaction equation below. 2 KNO 3 + H 2 O 3 K 2 O HNO 3 alculate which substance is in excess and the amount of the surplus. alculate the mass of K 2 O 3 and the mass of HNO 3 that is formed.

SCHEIKUNDE KLAS 3 REACTIES

SCHEIKUNDE KLAS 3 REACTIES MOLECULAR FORMULAS EXERCISE 1: MOLECULAR FORMULAS LEVEL 1 A H 2 O C 2 H 6 C C 2 H 6 O D CO 2 E F C 4 H 8 O CHN EXERCISE 2: MOLECULAR FORMULAS LEVEL 1 A HNO C 3 H 6 O C C 2 H 2 D C 6 H 5 NO E C 5 H 8 O