ChemInform Saint Petersburg Ltd. Thermal Safety Software (TSS) Assessing Thermal Hazards of Chemical Processes and Products.

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TSS eliminating hazard on the road to profit ChemInform Saint Petersburg Ltd. Thermal Safety Software (TSS) Assessing Thermal Hazards of Chemical Processes and Products.

1 TSS eliminating hazard on the road to profit ChemInform Saint Petersburg Ltd. Thermal Safety Software (TSS) Assessing Thermal Hazards of Chemical Processes and Products. From experimental study of a reaction to creation of a kinetic model to the mathematical modelling of a process TSS covers the entire spectrum from processing of experimental data to simulation of chemical reactors and runaways of various kinds TSS gives general solution of the crucial challenge of hazard assessment the scale-up problem TSS components are interlinked to each other providing a unified analog-free system Each TSS component has a unique set of features that distinguishes it from other commercial offerings. TSS components can be used successfully as standalone programs TSS applications are designed for: R&D Centers of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Companies R&D Centers of Manufacturers and Users of Explosives and other energetic materials R&D Centers and laboratories dealing with assessment of reactive hazards of dangerous goods Centers that are involved in classification of chemicals (GHS, CLP, etc.) Consulting Firms dealing with Chemical Processes Chemical Engineering Departments of Universities 1

2 Flowchart of the TSS series Raw Experimental Data: (DSC, Reaction & Adiabatic calorimetry, ) 1TSS eliminating hazard on the read to profit Converting data presented in the ASCII (text) format or in an Excel sheet Model-free kinetics (preliminary analysis) Simulating thermal explosion in Solids and Liquid mixtures Reactivity rating of chemicals Creation of inherently safer processes. Process optimization TDPro IsoKin ThermEx ReRank InSafer TF Converter ADaExpert ForK System of interlinked components based on sophisticated methodology Application of state-of-the-art math methods ConvEx Merger of math methods and experience of a researcher into unified strategy Management of multiple projects Link to Physical Property Data Bases Flexible graphics Common data bases of kinetic models RCPro DesK-Pro BST VENT Processing of; adiabatic data (ADaExpert) thermoanalytic data (TDPro) data of reaction calorimetry (RCPro) Mixture General features of the Software Creation of formal (ForK) and concentration-based (DesK) kinetic models Calculating Properties of non-ideal Mixtures Simulating Runaway in a well-stirred BATCH and designing Emergency Relief System Simulating two-phase Flow through a Multi-Segment Hydraulic Line Common elements of project-oriented User s interface Manipulated accuracy control MS Word report generation Interactive help system Detailed problems-solving Tutorials Complete set of user manuals Minimum hardware requirements: Pentium V, Windows 2000, XP, VISTA, 7

3 Main Features of the TSS components 2TSS eliminating hazard on the read to profit Applications for data processing ADaExpert, TDPro, and RCPro ADaExpert, TDPro and RCPro are powerful tools for processing of experimental data for kinetics evaluation. These tools implement CISP proprietary data processing methods. ADaExpert, TDPro and RCPro can be used as the standalone programs in such fields as kinetics of chemical processes, study of thermal decomposition, and study of physical properties. Features ADaExpert TDPro RCPro Type of experiment supported Unique data processing methods Pseudo-adiabatic calorimeters (Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC), VSP, RSST, DEWAR, and others.) Non-adiabatic calorimeters with pressure response Evaluation of simple kinetics The unique advanced method for thermal inertia correction Approximate calculation of adiabatic TMR as function of onset temperature The Vent Sizing based on Leung and ISO 4126 methods Consideration of thermal expansion of a sample bomb and its contents Consideration of temperature dependent sample and bomb heat capacities when calculating thermal inertia and heat production Processing of non-adiabatic data containing pressure response Determining vapor pressure (choice between August and Antoine equations); calculating gas production Various thermoanalytical experiments (DSC, TDA, TG, combined technique, etc.) Deconvolution of DSC data (correction of dynamic distortions due to thermal inertia) Determining phase transition parameters Determining specific heat measured under linear or step-wise heating, Sapphire method Determination of characteristic points of a DSC or DTG curve Dynamic calibration of a calorimeter Reconstruction of correct sample temperature Statistical analysis of results of parallel runs Determination of thermal conductivity of liquid substances Reaction calorimetry, data can include: - thermal responses (heat, heat release rate, temperature) - pressure - concentration responses Deconvolution of heat release rate data (correction of dynamic distortions due to thermal inertia) Determining vapor pressure (choice between August and Antoine equations); calculating gas production Processing of concentration responses

Applications for Kinetics evaluation ForK, DesK and IsoKin 3TSS eliminating hazard on the read to profit ForK and DesK are unique state-of-the-art programs that allow: 1.

4 Applications for Kinetics evaluation ForK, DesK and IsoKin 3TSS eliminating hazard on the read to profit ForK and DesK are unique state-of-the-art programs that allow: 1. creation of a kinetic model of a chemical reaction on the basis of experimental data, 2. simulation of a process or product s behavior. General characteristics: Use of the non-linear optimization methods for estimating parameters of complex multi-stage reaction models Highly efficient numerical methods for integration of differential equations and non-linear optimization Simultaneous use of several experimental data sets for kinetics evaluation; each data set may correspond to its own type of experiment and temperature mode Analysis of the uniqueness of the found set of kinetic parameters Import of experimental data from ADaExpert/TDPro/RCPro, manual load Automated determination of adiabatic Time to Maximum Rate (TMR) and Thermal Stability Analysis Features ForK DesK Well stirred BATCH Reactors supported Thermal modes Type of a kinetic model Model design Properties required More about formal models. A Continuous stirred tank; BACTH, semi-batch and Plug Flow reactors are available. Adiabatic, Heat exchange with the environment (with time-dependent parameters) Forced temperature mode (sample and environment temperatures coincide) Conversion-based complex multi-stage Concentration-based complex multi-stage multicomponent descriptive kinetic models formal models Friendly method for creation of complex multi stage models doesn t require programming Cp(T), Antoine equation for vapour P Molar mass, Cp(T), density(t), Antoine equation for vapour P. Internal property data bases Link to MIXTURE software A complex multi-stage model may include several independent, parallel and consecutive stages, reversible stages and branched pathways are also available, as it is demonstrated by the pattern rij r1 r21 r22 r23 r24 B1; A 2 B21 B22 B23 B24; r ;..A i ;.ri k ifi ( ); 21 ( ) A stage can be presented by any of the following equations: n N - order model 1.. (1 ) - n1 n2 (1 ) f( ) n1 n2 (1 ) ( z) - n (1 )( ln(1 )) - 2/3 1/3 (1 - ) [1 (1 - ) ] - "proto" model autocatalytic model Avrami - Erofeev model 1 Jander model

d The kinetic model i ij rij; rij kij(t) f j( i ); kij(t) kij0 exp( ) ; is supplemented with the dt (j) RT appropriate initial conditions and the responses equations: dq dg dm Qij rij; Gij rij; Mij

5 d The kinetic model i ij rij; rij kij(t) f j( i ); kij(t) kij0 exp( ) ; is supplemented with the dt (j) RT appropriate initial conditions and the responses equations: dq dg dm Qij rij; Gij rij; Mij rij;... dt ( i) ( j) dt ( i) ( j) dt ( i) ( j) Q, G, M - heat production; gas production, mass loss, etc New original model is available in the latest version of ForK. It allows taking into account slow reaction in the solid substance, its melting and appearance of liquid phase in which reaction is much faster and proceeds till completion. As opposed to the conventional methods of melting simulation the model of the melting stage used in ForK is based on the physical model of the event. E 4TSS eliminating hazard on the read to profit Recently new member of TSS had been added. This is the IsoKin program designed for creation of the so-called model-free kinetics. IsoKin may be useful for preliminary analysis of thermoanalytical data as well as for fast approximate solution of some practical problems. Applications for explosion simulation ThermEx and ConvEx ThermEx and ConvEx are the unique analogfree program packages intended for analyzing the possibility of thermal explosions at production, application, storage, or transportation of unstable chemical products. ThermEx and ConvEx help in prediction, assessment and monitoring of thermal hazards by direct numerical simulation. They provide: Determination of critical conditions (package size, ambient temperature, induction period.) for complex reacting systems Automated search of Critical Temperature and Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) Analysis of accidental scenarios (a fire, etc.) Features ThermEx package ConvEx package Substance Solid Liquid Heat transfer Thermal conductivity Thermal conductivity and natural convection Type of a Formal models, imported from ForK Formal models, imported from ForK kinetic model Descriptive models; imported from DesK Geometry Simulation of pressure rise Possibility is foreseen for manual creation of formal or descriptive models Infinite cylinder, slab and sphere Sphere; Barrel, variety of lids Barrel Rectangular box, stack of boxes tank-track (tank-wagon) Complex User-defined geometry Shell is available Shell (container) and inert partitions Available for a barrel and a box; pressure Total pressure of vapour and gas products is of gas products is estimated calculated Time-dependent boundary conditions (BC) can be set on each surface of a container separately: BC of the 1 st kind (Surface temperature); BC of the 2 nd kind (Heat flux on a surface); BC of the 3 rd kind (Heat exchange with the environment) One of the unique features of ThermEx is that the time-dependent heat power can be assigned to any inert or reactive zone thus allowing simulation of such events as functioning of a heater within the container with the unstable product and so forth.

Software for Reactivity Rating - ReRank ReRank - is the first commercial software intended for Reactivity Rating of individual substances and mixtures.

comparative analysis of substances ReRank meets the National Fire Protection Association NFPA (USA) requirements for determining the Reactivity Rating Number (N r ) of chemical products Application

6 Software for Reactivity Rating - ReRank ReRank - is the first commercial software intended for Reactivity Rating of individual substances and mixtures. General features: ReRank supports all the types of kinetics created by TSS kinetics software isoconversional, formal and descriptive kinetics ReRank gives a convenient and reliable method for comparative analysis of substances ReRank meets the National Fire Protection Association NFPA (USA) requirements for determining the Reactivity Rating Number (N r ) of chemical products Application of the new alternative method for the N r determination based on calculation of maximum energy release (Maximum Power Density, MPD). in the course of exothermic reaction at a constant temperature. This provides a safer estimate compared to the standard NFPA method Automated determination of adiabatic Time to Maximum Rate, TMR, Analysis of Thermal Stability by calculating the Time to certain Conversion Limit, TCL. 5TSS eliminating hazard on the read to profit Determination of SADT for liquids in accordance with UN TDG H1 test Thermal aging analysis that takes into account seasonal temperature variation at a local place Software for design of inherently safer Processes InSaferr Software for Runaway simulation and Vent sizing - BST InSafer is intended for optimisation and design of inherently safer chemical processes. The software doesn t have any commercial analogs. The optimisation is aimed at finding an operational mode that ensures an inherently safer process, i.e. a process which is as safe as possible under normal operating conditions and in case of an accident. The most efficient numerical methods for integration and non-linear optimization The choice of different criteria that take into account both process safety and feasibility. Simple methods for defining control variables that are to be optimized and cand be applied in practice. CISP proprietary unique method for stability analysis of operation mode of a non-stationary process The batch stirred tank program, BST, is designed fo simulation of physical and chemical processes in wellstirred batch tanks utilizing emergency relief systems. With simulation of accident dynamics, BST helps in selection of proper size of a vent system that prevents tank bursting in case of a runaway reaction. BST is based on DIERS methodology of gas-liquid mixture flowing out of the tank. BST modelling facilities are: Complex multi stage formal or descriptive kinetic models imported from ForK or DesK Tanks of various shapes: sphere, vertical and horizontal cylinder Time-dependent heat exchange with environment Multi sectional vent system (up to 256 elements) Vent type: rupture disk or valve; vent position: top or bottom; pipe inclination can be defined Flow models: tank: bubble, churn turbulent, or foam;

7 vent system: one phase; two-phase homogeneous equilibrium or frozen for nozzle; homogeneous equilibrium or non-equilibrium for pipes. BST is linked to the MIXTURE software, which provides reliable calculation of properties of ideal and non-ideal liquid and gas mixtures depending on their compositions and temperature. BST is the main part of the BST program package which comprises also MIXTURE and VENT Software for calculation of two-phase flow along the pipeline 6TSS eliminating hazard on the read to profit VENT is designed for calculation of steady -state twophase flow along a multi-segment pipeline. The pipeline can contain up to 256 hydraulic elements; straight pipes, elbows, expanders, contractors, valves and rupture disks. Every element is described by the appropriate set of parameters. VENT supports two types of flow models in a pipeline: one- or two-phase homogeneous equilibrium or frozen for nozzle; homogeneous equilibrium or non-equilibrium for pipes. Vent is linked to the MIXTURE software which provides calculation of necessary physical properties of gas-liquid mixtures. VENT can be used as the module of the BST package and as the standalone application Software for evaluation of physical properties - MIXTURE MIXTURE is a powerful and convenient tool for evaluation of physical properties of liquid and gas multicomponent non-ideal mixtures. Non-ideality of liquid mixtures can be taken into account during calculation of vapor pressures. Component activity coefficients are determined by the modified UNIFAC method. MIXTURE has an internal data base containing properties of 400 substances. Complete compatibility with other TSS applications (DesK-Pro, ConvEx, BST, InSafer) MIXTURE provides access to data from commercial databases such as DIPPR 801 and PPDS. Saint Petersburg, 2015 ChemInform St. Petersburg ( CISP) Ltd., , St- Petersburg, PO box 25, Russia. Tel/fax.: 7 (812) ; E- mail: OFFICE@ CISP.SPB.RU;

Thermal Safety Software (TSS) series

Thermal Safety Software (TSS) series the analog-free methodology and software for reaction hazard assessment of Chemical Processes and Products. TSS is the integrated system which covers the entire spectrum