Beamlines at MAX IV optical design and commissioning. Andreas Lassesson Beamline Project Coordinator
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2 Beamlines at MAX IV optical design and commissioning Andreas Lassesson Beamline Project Coordinator
3 Outline Overview of MAX IV beamlines Beamline design philosophy Commissioning & early users
4 2014
5
6 The 14+ funded Beamlines 1. FemtoMAX (2015) Ultra-fast processes in materials 2. NanoMAX (2016) Imaging, spectroscopic & scattering with nanometer resolution 3. BALDER (2016) X-ray absorption spectroscopy in-situ and time resolved 4. BioMAX (2016) Highly automated macromolecular crystallography 5. VERITAS (2016) RIXS with unique resolving power and momentum resolution 6. HIPPIE (2016) High-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy 7. BLOCH (2017) Angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy 8. FinEstBeAMS (2017) Estonian-Finnish Beamline for Materials Science 9. SPECIES (2017) VUV High-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy and RIXS 10. FlexPES (2018) Photoelectron Spectroscopy and NEXAFS 11. MAXPeem (2018) Photoelectron microscopy 12. CoSAXS (2018) Small angle scattering 13. SoftiMAX (2018) Coherent Soft X-Ray Scattering, Holography 14. DanMAX (2019/20) MicroMAX Frontier MX ForMAX Paper and pulp DiffMAX
7 Beamline timeplan Phase I 7 beamlines Phase IIa 6 beamlines Phase IIb
8 Beamline timeplan 1. Time resolved experiments (<100 fs) 2. Nano/micro diffraction and imaging 3. X-ray absorption spectroscopy 4. Protein crystallography 5. RIXS 6. High pressure photoemission spectroscopy 7. ARPES Phase I 7 beamlines Phase IIa 6 beamlines Phase IIb >2 beamlines
9 Beamline timeplan SAXS Imaging; STXM, CXI Photoemission spectroscopy RIXS XPEEM Gas phase spectroscopy Phase I 7 beamlines Phase IIa 6 beamlines Phase IIb >2 beamlines
10 Beamline timeplan Imaging; tomography Diffraction SAXS Micro-crystal protein crystallography Phase I 7 beamlines Phase IIa 6 beamlines Phase IIb >2 beamlines
11 Commissioning status 4 beamlines with external or expert users in beamlines have commissioned optics & are finishing endstations 3 beamline is about to commission optics with endstations mostly in place
12 Low emittance: high flux, small source, low divergence Energy resolution Spatial resolution Coherence Small spot with low divergence: Micro diffraction w/ high resolution PRL 104, (2010) Nat Phys 4, (2008)
13 Optical design The optics in MAX IV beamlines are designed to meet scientific design targets while exploiting the properties of the MAX IV sources Simulations are typically done by beamline project managers with assistance of experts in various simulation software: Ray ray tracing, Rami Sankari XRT ray tracing & wavefront propagation: Konstantin Klementiev MESH - ray tracing and heat load calculations: Peter Sondhauss Output: Beamline layout Shape & type of optical elements Min. slope errors & roughness Spot size, beam divergence etc.
14 Optical design soft X-ray beamlines Standardized design criteria cpgms blazed and laminar gratings 8 beamlines
15 Stability optical systems Stiff (high spring constant) & light (low mass): high eigenfrequencies Design process in collaboration with vendors Mirror chamber: FMB (Prototype) FEA: 112Hz Measured: 95Hz Grating monos: Toyama Stability responsible: Brian N Jensen FEA: 119Hz Measured: Hz
16 Gratings Blazed and laminar gratings from HZB are used at all 8 soft X-ray beamlines at MAX IV Substrates: Plane & curved Slope errors <0.02 arcsec substrates Specifications: Blaze angles: degrees Line density: < l/mm Length: mm Energy: < ev Coatings: 40nm Au, Rh Technology Center for Optical Precision Gratings, HZB
17 Gratings - design Example 1: Work horse grating for the BLOCH beamline: Blaze angle: 2 degrees Line density: 800 l/mm Length: 140 mm Energy: ev E/dE: 1E4 Flux: 1E13 ph/s Example 2: High energy resolution at low energies at the BLOCH beamline: Blaze angle: 6 degrees Line density: 2400 l/mm Length: 140 mm Energy: ev E/dE: 1E5 Flux: 1E11 ph/s Simulations by Rami Sankari
18 High energy resolution (VERITAS) RIXS beamline Energy range ev at 3 GeV ring Team: Marcus Agåker (Uppsala U) Conny Såthe Shih-Wen (Winnie) Huang Nial Wassdahl
19 High energy resolution (VERITAS) Resolution contributions: Source size (diffr. limited) (slope errors of the) optics Slit size Mono: (moderately) high resolution, high flux, small spot Gratings: 1200 l/mm & 2400 l/mm R = ev R = Early commissioning results: Approx
20 The VERITAS spectrometer 10 m long, Rowland type > resolving power 980 mm long collimating mirror to increase collection efficiency 2 cylindrical gratings MCP based detector with 2D DLD readout ( 150 ps time resolution) Parabola Gratings Detector
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22 High spatial resolution (SoftiMAX) Karina Thånell Jörg schwenke Imaging beamline Beam size: 10 nm (STXM) - 20 mm (CXI) Energy range: ev First users: 2019 Two branchlines for: Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) Ptychography (STXM) Fourier Transform Holography (CXI) Resonant soft X-ray scattering (CXI) ~ IFT FT K. Giewekemeyer, et al., Optics Express 19, 1037 (2011).
23 SoftiMAX optical design Simulations by: Karina Thånell Rami Sankari Konstantin Klementiev Walan Grizolli Using: Ray & XRT where to put FZP? what is the result if finite beam emittance? what are the coherence properties? how to isolate the coherent part?
24 How to isolate the coherent part? - XRT 80 µm exit slit 20 µm exit slit Simulations by: Konstantin Klementiev Using XRT: pypi/xrt
25 High spatial resolution (NanoMAX) Ulf Johansson Gerardina Carbone Sebastian Kalbfleisch Alexander Björling Ulrich Vogt, KTH Anders Mikkelsen, LU 5 30 kev (3rd-17th harmonic from undulator) SSA: Tune coherence / flux for KB, ZP and different wavelengths
26 NanoMAX commissioning: ZP test setup (11/2016) 100 nm zone plate 30 nm zone plate
27 NanoMAX - KB endstation Hyperpolished mirrors in KB configuration Focal spot: nm Sample holder: Goniometer, <5 kg 2D pixel detector on robot arm Fluorescence detector
28 NanoMAX commissioning KB setup Ptychography at 9.5 kev ~ Beam properties close to focus IFT FT Imaging of Siemens stars Spot size and phase Beam sideview
29 NanoMAX first user results at KB endstation Nano wires: Jesper Wallentin, NanoLund, Lund University Direct resolution: XRF map: Preliminary 2D reconstructions:
30 HIPPIE Source Energy EPU ,000 ev (LP) Resolving 30,000 40,000 power Flux (500 ma) > 10 R = 10,000 Andrey Shavorskiy Beamline Manager Jan Knudsen Beamline Scientist Suyun Zhu Research Engineer Joachim Schnadt Spokes Person Spot size 50 x 50 µm 2 Catalysis cell Liquid Cell
31 HIPPIE - AP XPS endstation General Purpose/Catalysis cell available Electrochemical/Liquid/Jet cell testing 2018 AP-XPS up to 30 mbar (N2) tested Gas dosing system for up to 8 individual gases and their mixtures 4 user groups so far, more to come in 2018!
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33 MAX IV Laboratory is a national research infrastructure hosted by Lund University Accelerators and basic lab infrastructure: Beamlines International beamlines:
34 Thank you!
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