Transient Stability Analysis of Distributed Generation Connected with Distribution Network

Transcription

1 Intenational Jounal o Electical Enegy Vol. 3 No. 4 Decembe 2015 Tanient Stability Analyi o Ditibute Geneation Connecte with Ditibution Netwok Wei Huang1 Zhipeng Li1 Zehu Zhang2 an Lei Feng3 1 School o Electical & Electonic Engineeing Noth China Electic Powe Univeity Beijing China 2 Zhuhai ujizhi Powe Automation Co. Lt. Zhuhai China 3 Yunnan Powe Gi Co. Lt. China Southen Powe Gi Co. Lt. Kunming China huangwei@ncepu.eu.cn {lizhipeng1234 l0727}@163.com tige_m@126.com In [4] the tanient tability o DG bae on inuction geneato inteace i tuie an eveal meaue ae popoe to enhance the tanient tability o inuction geneato. In [5] the tanient tability o mico-gi with a vaiety o DG i tuie une ieent contol tategie. In [6] the tanient poce o AC itibute powe in mico-gi i analyze though the imulation but tanient tability analyi o invete bae itibute powe oe not involve. Thi pape tuie the tanient tability o DG bae on ieent inteace type an etablihe the mathematical moel. Then though the imulation on the typical one machine ininite netwok it analye the tanient poce an the coeponing ault citical cleaing time o DG une the teminal ault conition an icue the elate phyical phenomenon. Finally the coeponing meaue ae put owa to impove tanient tability. Abtact The tanient tability poblem o Ditibute Geneation (DG) ha become one o the containt o the inte-connection between a lage numbe o DG an the itibution netwok. In thi pape DG connecte to the itibution netwok ae ivie into DG bae on ynchonou geneato inteace inuction geneato inteace an invete inteace accoing to the ieent DG inteace type an the mathematical moel o DG ae etablihe bae on ieent inteace type. Then though the imulation on the typical one machine ininite bu ytem the pape analye the tanient poce an the coeponing ault citical cleaing time o DG une the teminal ault conition. Finally on the bai o the tanient tability analyi o DG it put owa coeponing meaue o DG bae on ieent inteace type to impove tanient tability. Inex Tem itibute geneation tanient tability ynchonou geneato inuction geneato invete ault citical cleaing time II. I. INTRODUCTION Thee ae many kin o DG accoing to the ieent inteace they can be ivie into DG with ynchonou geneato inteace inuction geneato inteace an invete inteace. The inteace type o common itibute geneation ae a hown in Table I. The api evelopment o itibute powe geneation technology make DG play a moe an moe impotant ole in the powe ytem [1]. They can be ivie into DG with ynchonou geneato inteace inuction geneato inteace an invete inteace accoing to the ieent inteace type. DG connecte with the gi make itibution netwok change om ingle powe upplying an ew loop to multi powe upplying an multi loop which will cetainly aect tanient tability o itibution netwok. Cuent tana on the inteconnection between DG an the gi euet to emove DG ate the occuence o the ault without conieing the tanient poce. Aiming at the poblem above the pape tuie the ynamic chaacteitic o DG an analye the ability to withtan ault ate the occuence o the ault [2] which povie the bae o the teatment meaue o DG ate ault occu an povie the guiance o the potection o the itibute netwok with DG. The eeach on the tanient tability o DG i not much cuently. In [3] the inluence o itibute powe i analyze on the tanient tability o itibution netwok. TABLE I. THE INTERFACE TYPES OF COMMON DISTRIBUTED POWER Ditibute geneation Win powe geneation Inteace type Invete/ Inuction geneato Small hyopowe Photovoltaic cell Mico-tubine Electic vehicle Battey Fuel cell ynchonou geneato Invete ynchonou geneato Invete Invete Invete Bioma enegy ynchonou geneato/ Invete A. Synchonou Geneato Moel Synchonou geneato i common powe geneation euipment in the taitional powe ytem. The pee o oto i a ame a tato magnetic iel. By changing the excitation magnetic iel the teminal voltage an eactive powe o ynchonou geneato can be contolle. In the cooinate ytem tato wining Manucipt eceive May evie Septembe Intenational Jounal o Electical Enegy oi: /ijoee DG MODELS BASED ON THE DIFFERENT INTERFACE TYPES 213

2 Intenational Jounal o Electical Enegy Vol. 3 No. 4 Decembe 2015 voltage euation an lux euation o ynchonou geneato can be epectively expee a: u a i p u a i p u i p i mi i mi i whee u u ae the an axi uantity o ynchonou geneato tato voltage; i i ae the an axi uantity o tato cuent epectively; ae the an axi uantity o tato lux linkage; a ae the eitance o tato wining an excitation wining; u i ae the voltage cuent an lux linkage o excitation wining; (1) (2) ae the an axi uantity o eactance; m i the co eitance o tato an oto; i the eactance o excitation wining. Thi pape aopt the thee oe moel o ynchonou geneato an aume that: (1) Ignoe the tanient tato wining that in the tato voltage euation aume: p p 0 (3) (2) In the tato euation et 1; (3) Ignoe D an Q wining whoe ole can be eplace by aing the amping tem in the oto motion euation. Then the thee oe moel o ynchonou geneato can be eive [7]: whee T 0 pe E E ( ) i t 1 t 2 H D( 1) Tm [ Ei ( ) ii ] E i axi tanient intenal voltage; (4) E i the tato electomotive oce; i i ae the an axi uantity o tato cuent; ae the an axi uantity o tato eitance; i the axi tanient eactance; T 0 i the axi open cicuit time contant; D i the amping coeicient. B. Inuction Geneato Moel A the inteace type o DG inuction geneato ha wie ue. Without excitation ytem inuction geneato cannot contol the teminal voltage. When woking inuction geneato en active powe to powe gi an abob eactive powe om the gi at the ame time. In thi pape inuction geneato aopt the ou oe tate euation to ecibe the electical moto the euivalent tuctue iagam i hown in Fig. 1. u u I I L 1 L1 L m L m L 1 L 1 Figue 1. The euivalent cicuit o the aynchonou geneato: D axi euivalent cicuit an Q axi euivalent cicuit. In Fig. 1 L1 I I u u ae the eitance an leakage inuctance o tato wining; an leakage inuctance o oto wining; L1 ae the eitance i the excitation inuctance; ae the axi an axi lux uantity o oto wining; i the otating angula pee o tato magnetic iel; i the angula oto pee. In the cooinate ytem tato wining voltage euation an oto wining euation o inuction geneato can be epectively expee a: u i p u i p u i p u i p ( L L ) i L i ( L L ) i L i ( L L ) i L i L L i L i 1 m m 1 m m 1 m m 1 m m whee u u ae the an axi uantity o inuction geneato tato voltage; u u ae the an axi uantity o aynchonou geneato oto voltage. The oto motion euation o aynchonou geneato can be expee a: Lm (5) (6) m 1 ( Te Fm Tm ) (7) t 2H whee T m i the mechanical toue; T e i the electomagnetic toue; m i the mechanical angula pee o oto; H i the unit inetia time contant; F i the contant amping coeicient. C. Invete Moel Invete inteace bae DG i connecte with powe gi though the invete without iect coupling elation Intenational Jounal o Electical Enegy 214

3 Intenational Jounal o Electical Enegy Vol. 3 No. 4 Decembe 2015 The baic tuctue o the voltage ouce invete inteace bae DG i hown in Fig. 2. Ditibute Geneation C i c u c u P Q vc I L Figue 2. Baic tuctue o VSI. Accoing to the ieent type o DG an the pupoe o inteconnection between DG an itibution ytem the invete inteace bae DG aopt ieent contol tategie. Typical contol tategie inclue contant powe contol tategy (PQ contol) oop contol tategy an contant voltage an euency contol (V/ contol) [8] [9]. When DG connecte with the itibution netwok the euency o ytem an teminal voltage o DG ae uppote by the itibution netwok an DG geneally aopt the PQ contol tategy. PQ contol i to make that the output active powe an eactive powe o DG ae ame with the value given to eeence. The eence o contant powe contol i to contol he active powe an eactive powe ecouple epectively. The pinciple iagam i hown in Fig. 3. u vc C u pcc I l whee the line paamete: jx j0.365( / km) L 50m A. The Tanient Stability Analyi o Synchonou Geneato Inteace Bae DG Synchonou geneato i a common inteace type o DG [10]. The tanient tability o ynchonou geneato inteace bae DG i analyze below. Aume the mechanical powe input unchange beoe an ate the ault an the ault occu at 2.0. The imulation eult ae obtaine with ieent ault uation a hown in Fig. 5. P m P _ e PI 0 I a Q _ e Q m m PI 1 abc Figue 3. The pinciple iagam o PQ contol. I b I c Howeve the itibute powe aopting PQ contol oe not paticipate in voltage egulation an euency egulation o the powe gi an it i unable to withtan the loa luctuation an the itubance o euency o the gi. III. THE TRANSIENT STABILITY ANALYSIS OF DGS The acceion o DG change the ingle way eceiving an conuming enegy om itibution netwok an lea to eeach on the tanient tability poblem o the itibution netwok. The tanient tability o DG bae on ieent inteace type i ieent. The pape analye the tanient tability o DG bae on ieent inteace type when the teminal ault occu on the typical one machine ininite bu ytem below. The ault mentione in thi pape ee to thee-phae ault. The one machine ininite bu ytem ue by the pape i hown in Fig. 4: SCL 2500MVA / R10 11/ 0.4kV50Hz2.5MVA R Ditibution netwok Loa 200kW Figue 4. The typical one machine-ininite bu ytem. DG (c) Figue 5. The ynamic epone o the ynchonou geneato beoe an ate ault: the change o pee; the change o teminal voltage; (c) the eect o ASC ytem on tanient tability. The tanient tability o ynchonou geneato i analyze though the powe angle chaacteitic cuve. Whethe the ytem i table that i juge by the change o powe angle namely the change o pee integal. A hown in Fig. 5 when the teminal ault o ynchonou geneato occu the teminal voltage will eceae intantaneouly an the pee luctuate. Fom the ynamic imulation ault citical cleaing time i obtaine an the citical cleaing time i 230m. I the 2015 Intenational Jounal o Electical Enegy 215

4 Intenational Jounal o Electical Enegy Vol. 3 No. 4 Decembe 2015 ault i emove beoe the citical cleaing time the pee o ynchonou geneato will ten to a table value ate luctuating o a hot time. I the ault emove too late the pee will inceae apily an the ynchonou geneato will loe tability inally. Theeoe emoving ault in time can enue the tability o the ynchonou eectively. The imulation above i caie out une the pemie o contant mechanical powe. Impoving the Automatic Spee Contol (ASC) evice an changing mechanical powe by ajuting pee can impove the tanient tability eectively. A hown in Fig. 5(c) when the machine without ASC evice loe the tability the machine with ASC evice i till able to maintain tanient tability. B. The Tanient Stability Analyi o Inuction Geneato Inteace Bae DG A the inteace type o DG inuction geneato ha wie ue [11]. The tanient tability o inuction geneato inteace bae DG i analyze below. Aume the ault occu at 2.0. The ynamic epone o inuction geneato with the ault continuing 100m an 500m ae obtaine by the imulation epectively. The imulation eult ae hown in Fig. 6. () (e) (c) () Figue 6. The ynamic epone o aynchonou geneato beoe an ate the ault: the change o lip; the change o teminal voltage; (c) the change o active powe; () the change o eactive powe;(e) citical cleaing time o ault in inuction geneato; () eect o eactive powe compenation on tanient tability. Inuction geneato ue electomagnetic toue lip cuve to analyze the tanient tability [12]. Whethe the ytem i table that i juge by the change o lip o oto pee. A hown in Fig. 6 inuction geneato i able to maintain tanient tability when the ault continue 100m an will loe tanient tability when the ault continue 500m. An though the uthe imulation the ault citical cleaing time i obtaine an the citical cleaing time i 240m a hown in Fig. 6(e). Theeoe in oe to enue the tanient tability o inuction geneato the ault mut be emove timely. A hown in Fig. 6 an Fig. 6(c) the teminal voltage an the output active powe will eceae apily when the ault occu. Ate the ault iappea voltage will ie again in a vey hot peio o time an each a contant value. The ecovey o the output active powe euie a tanient poce becaue the inuction geneato abob active powe om the gi itly an elive active powe to the gi when the voltage ecove. A hown in Fig. 6 an Fig. 6() when the inuction geneato 2015 Intenational Jounal o Electical Enegy 216

5 Intenational Jounal o Electical Enegy Vol. 3 No. 4 Decembe 2015 loe tability the lip will inceae apily but the teminal voltage can each a contant value which i becaue the inuction geneato abob a lage amount o eactive powe om the gi to enue the tability o voltage. Fo the inuction geneato meaue like eucing the lip inceae ate an inceaing the ecovey ate o the teminal voltage can be taken to maintain the tability. In aition SVC evice ae in the teminal o the inuction geneato can impove the tanient tability eectively. A hown in Fig. 6() the inuction geneato with SVC evice can maintain tanient tability when the inuction geneato without SVC evice loe tability une the ame conition. C. The Tanient Stability Analyi o Invete Inteace Bae DG The tanient tability o the invete inteace bae DG bae on PQ contol tategy i analyze below. Set the output active powe i 5kW an the output eactive powe i -3kva. Aume the ault occu at 0.2 an be emove ate 100m. The ynamic epone o invete inteace bae DG beoe an ate the ault i hown in Fig. 7. (c) Figue 7. The ynamic epone o invete inteace bae itibute geneation beoe an ate the ault: the change o euency; the change o cuent; (c) the change o output. A hown in Fig. 7 when a ault occu the euency o ytem will luctuate lagely which i becaue the invete inteace bae DG bae on the PQ contol tategy cannot maintain the euency itel. Suppote by the ytem the euency will etun to powe euency (50Hz) ate the ault emove. A hown in Fig. 7 when the ault occu a lage hot cicuit cuent will be pouce. The ability o powe electonic evice to withtan hot cicuit cuent i limite o the appopiate ovecuent potection houl be et. A hown in Fig. 7(c) ue to the exitence o inuctance component the output o DG ha alo expeience a tanient poce beoe an ate ault occu. When the teminal ault occu the output o DG will euce to 0 gaually. Une the pecie o contant loa the tanient tability o the invete inteace bae DG i goo. Attention that the potection o the invete inteace bae DG houl be et eaonably to avoi the intantaneou ault cuent amaging the powe electonic component. IV. CONCLUSIONS Aiming at the ten o DG connecte to the itibution netwok the eeach o elay potection o itibution netwok with DG houl be taken to etect an emove o ault in itibution netwok timely which can enue the table opeation o the ytem. Fo ynchonou geneato inteace bae DG the tanient tability can be impove by impoving the peomance o ASC ytem which i ue ajuting the mechanical powe o pime move by ajuting the pee. Fo inuction geneato inteace bae DG SVC evice can be paallele to impove the tanient tability. Fo invete inteace bae DG we can make eaonable gi connection contol tategy accoing to the chaacte o the invete to impove tanient tability. Though the analyi on tanient tability o DG bae on ieent inteace an the eeach on the impovement meaue the cuent tana on the inteconnection between DG an the gi can be impove to impove the geneation eiciency o DG. An then DG in itibution netwok can be ue a eiciently a poible to meet the local loa eman an then tanmit enegy to the gi. REFERENCES [1] C. Wang an P. Li Development an challenge o itibute geneation the mico-gi an mat itibution ytem Automation o Electic Powe Sytem vol. 34 pp [2] S. K. Salman B. Bazaeh an J. Penman. Moeling win tubine-geneato o ault ie-though tuie in Poc. 39th Intenational Univeitie Powe Engineeing Coneence [3]. Long G. Guo an J. Wang The eect o itibute powe on tability o powe gi tanient an the teatment Automation Application vol. 2 pp [4] H. Zhao T. Bi an Z. Ye Stuy on the tanient tability o inuction geneato bae itibute eouce Jounal o Electic Powe Science an Technology vol. 23 pp Jun [5] Z. iao an H. Fang Tanient tability analyi o micogi containing multiple mico ouce Tanaction o China Electo technical Society vol. 26 pp Intenational Jounal o Electical Enegy 217

6 Intenational Jounal o Electical Enegy Vol. 3 No. 4 Decembe 2015 [6] F. Gao Moel analyi an tanient imulation o AC itibute enegy eouce an mico-gi Ph.D. ietation Depatment o Electical Engineeing Tianjin Univeity Tianjin China [7] Y. Ni S. Chen an B. Zhang Theoy an Analyi o Dynamic Powe Sytem Beijing: Tinghua Pe [8] C. Wang Y. Li an K. Peng Oveview o typical contol o gi-connecte invete o itibute geneation Poceeing o the CSU-EPSA vol. 2 pp Ap [9] F. Blaabjeg R. Teooecu an M. Liee Oveview o contol an gi ynchonization o itibute powe geneation ytem IEEE Tan. on Inutial Electonic vol. 53 pp Oct [10]. Zhang Mico-Gi moeling an tability analyi with ieent mico-ouce inteace M.S. thei Depatment o Electical Engineeing Noth China Electic Powe Univeity Beijing China [11] N. Zhou Q. Wang an P. Wang Tanient tability o itibution netwok with inuction geneato Poceeing o the CSEE vol. 31 pp Jun [12] T. Senjyu N. Sueyohi an K. Uezato Tanient tability analyi o inuction geneato uing toue-time chaacteitic in Poc. Intenational Coneence on Powe Electonic & Dive Sytem 2003 vol. 1 pp Wei Huang bon in 1962 eceive hi octo egee in Electical Engineeing om Noth China Electic Powe Univeity an i a poeo at the ame aoementione univeity cuently. Hi eeach iel i mainly ocue on mico-gi the planning an eliability o powe ytem an the analyi contol an potection o the powe ytem. Zhipeng Li bon in 1990 eceive hi B.E. egee in Electical Engineeing om Dalian Univeity o Technology Liaoning China in Cuently he i puuing the M.E. egee in Noth China Electic Powe Univeity. Hi eeach inteet inclue itibution gi itibute geneation an active itibution ytem. Zehu Zhang bon in 1975 i cuently a enio enginee in the Zhuhai ujizhi Powe Automation Co. Lt. Hi eeach iection i mat gi. Now he i mainly engage in otwae evelopment on the itibution automation ytem. Lei Feng bon in 1983 i cuently a enio enginee in the Yunnan Powe Gi Co. Lt. o China Southen Powe Gi Co. Lt. Hi eeach iection ae mat gi an new enegy planning tuie. Now he i mainly engage in itibution netwok planning an automation technology Intenational Jounal o Electical Enegy 218