Intelligent Control for Torque Ripple Minimization in Combined Vector and Direct Controls for High Performance of IM Drive

Transcription

1 Jounal of Electical Engineeing & Technology Vol. 7, No., pp. ~7, Intelligent Contol fo Toque Ripple inimization in Combined Vecto and Diect Contol fo High Pefomance of I Dive Z. Boulghaoul, A. Elbacha* and E. Elwaaki** Abtact In Conventional Combined Vecto and Diect Contol (VC-DTC) of induction moto, tato cuent i vey ich in hamonic component. It lead to high toque ipple of induction moto in high and low peed egion. To olve thi poblem, a contol method baed on the concept of fuzzy logic appoach i ued. The contol cheme popoed ue tato cuent eo a vaiable. Though the fuzzy logic contolle ule, the choice of voltage pace vecto i optimized and then toque and peed ae contolled uccefully with a le ipple level in toque epone, which impove the ytem pefomance. Simulation eult tough ATLAB/SIULINK oftwae gave eult that jutify the claim. Keywod: Combined vecto and diect contol, Fuzzy contol appoach, Induction moto, Toque ipple minimization. Intoduction In ecent decade, induction moto had been widely ued in indutial field due to thei eliability, low cot, and efficiency in compaion with DC moto which uffe fom the dawback of the buhe-collecto, cooion and neceity of maintenance. Howeve, induction moto ae conideed a nonlinea, multivaiable and highly coupled ytem [, ]. Fo thi eaon, induction moto have been ued epecially in cloed-loop, fo adjutable peed application []. With the ecent advance of poweful micopoceo, uch a the Digital Signal Poceo (DSP), the implementation of complex technique fo high peciion toque and peed contol of induction moto become poible []. Vecto contol intoduced in the ealy 97 allowed a conideable inceae of dynamic pefomance of the induction moto (I) and had been adopted a tandad olution fo indutial poblem elated to induction moto dive [, ]. The aim of vecto contol i to make the dive equivalent to DC moto dive by uing the lip fequency to achieve the oientation [7]. any vecto contol cheme have been developed in []. Howeve, in all thee cheme both the toque and the oto flux ae contolled by the tato cuent which i decompoed into two component. Invetigation on moto chaacteitic, including toque, peed and cuent, unde the effect of the oto eitance ha been peented in [9, ] and many olution have been popoed to inceae the obutne of the dive [, ]. Coeponding Autho: Faculty of Science and Technology, Cadi Ayyad Univeity, oocco (z.boulghaoul@gmail.com) * National School of Engineeing, Cadi Ayyad Univeity, oocco (a.elbacha@ucam.ac.ma) ** Faculty of Science and Technology, Cadi Ayyad Univeity, oocco (elwaaki@ftg-maakech.ac.ma) Received: July, ; Accepted: Febuay, To impove the pefomance of the toque and peed contol, the Diect Toque Contol found geat ucce. It povide a vey apid, pecie toque epone, and lowe paamete enibility without a complex field oientation block and cuent egulation [, ]. The Diect Toque Contol wa intoduced in the fit time in [] by Takahahi. It conit of a pai of hyteei compaato, toque and flux calculato, a lookup table, and a voltageouce invete []. Still, majo poblem ae uually elated to thi dive uch a tato eitance vaiation and then inaccuacy in flux etimation [7]. Induction moto pefomance tudie concening the effect of thi paamete and it compenation wee ubject of eveal peviou wok [, 9]. In ode to join both of Vecto and Diect toque contol pefomance: wiftne and accuacy, a new cheme ha been developed and popoed in [] and [], baed on fundamental common bai. The main innovative of thi contol i to ue a pai of hyteei compaato to contol Toque and flux tough tato cuent and lookup table ued to dive voltage ouce invete. Although the upeioity of thi method ove eithe the vecto contol method o diect toque contol, it till ha ome dawback that can be ummaized in the following point: High cuent and toque ipple, Vaiable witching fequency with opeating condition and cuent ditotion. In thi pape we peent an impoved combined vecto and diect toque contol by incopoating fuzzy logic. The fuzzy contolle popoed ue tato cuent eo a vaiable, though the fuzzy ule, the choice of voltage pace vecto i optimized and then the toque and peed ae contolled uccefully with a le ipple level in toque epone and cuent. Simulation eult obtained fo the popoed contol how the efficiency of the popoed fuzzy cheme.

2 Z. Boulghaoul, A. Elbacha and E. Elwaaki 7 Thi pape i oganized a follow. The equation of Induction oto model ae developed in Section, while Section decibe a imple eview of vecto and diect toque contol tategie. In Section, the conventional combined vecto and diect toque contol i peented and the impoved tuctue popoed in thi wok i peented in ection. In Section, imulation eult of the impoved contol decibed in thi wok in compaion with the conventional contol ae hown and dicued.. Induction oto Dynamic odel The induction moto model, decibed by uing a pace vecto notation and witten in (d, q) efeence fame, otating at the ynchonou peed ω i given by the following equation []: dφd vd = Rid + ωφq dφq vq = Riq + + ωφd v = = R i dφd + ω Φ v = = R i dφq + + ω Φ d d q q q d whee v d and v q ae the (d, q) axi tato voltage, ( i d, i q ) and ( i d, i q ) ae epectively the (d, q) tato and oto axi cuent. ω and ω ae epectively efeence fame and the lip peed. ( Φ d, Φ q ) and ( Φ d, Φ q ) epeent the (d, q) axi tato and oto fluxe, they can be decibed by the following equation: Φ = Li + i Φ = Li + i Φ = i + L i Φ = i + L i d d d q q q d d d q q q whee L and L ae tato and oto inductance, i the mutual inductance. The mechanical and the electomagnetic toque equation ae given by: () () () () dω Te Tl = JΔ + fω () Te = p ( Φdiq Φ qid) L () whee T l decibe the load toque, ω i the oto peed, f i the fiction coefficient, J Δ epeent the total inetia and p i the numbe of pole pai. The induction moto can alo be decibed by a tate model. In liteatue of electical dive, many model ae popoed; it can be choen accoding to the theoy of the dive adopted. We peent by the following ytem, the tate model ued to deign the dive:. X = AX. + BU. Y = C. X whee A, B and C ae the evolution, the contol and the obevation matice epectively T vd id X = ( id iq Φd Φ q) ; U = v ; Y = q i q σ σ σ + ω ω σt σt σt σ σ σ σ ω + ω σt σt σ σt A = ω ω T T ( ω ω) T T σ L B = σ L ; C = With σ i the total leakage facto, it i given by the following expeion: σ =. LL T and T epeent epectively the tato and the oto time contant, they ae given by the expeion below : L T = and R L T =. R. Vecto and Diect Toque Contol Review. Vecto contol The main objective of the vecto contol of induction moto i, a in DC machine, to independently contol the toque and the flux; thi i done by uing a d-q otating (7)

3 Intelligent Contol fo Toque Ripple inimization in Combined Vecto and Diect Contol fo High Pefomance of I Dive efeence fame ynchonouly with the oto flux pace vecto []. Fig.. Refeence fame and pace vecto epeentation. θ and θ ae epectively d-q Refeence fame and the oto poition. Conideing the oientation in Fig. we have: Φ d =Φ and Φ q = () whee Φ i the total flux accoding to the axi d. It can be een that if the oto flux i kept contant by the diect axi tato cuent, the toque can be contolled by contolling the q-axi cuent. Fom the tate model, we have: di v L R i L i R d d = σ + d σ ω q Φ L di v L R i L i q q = σ + q + σ ω d + ωφ L If the decoupling method i implemented, the voltage equation become: whee: (9) * did vd = vd ed = σ L + Rid () * q vq = vq e di q = σ L + Riq () = + ; ed = σlωiq + R Φ L L R R R e = σl ω i ωφ q d L e d and eq epeent the compenation tem, if they ae conideed, the dynamic of the tato cuent can be epeented by imple linea fit ode diffeential equation. Theefoe, it i poible to contol the cuent component by a imple Popotional Integal coecto. Fig. how the vecto contol cheme:. Diect toque contol Fig.. Vecto Contol Scheme. In Diect Toque Contol Dive, both the electomagnetic toque and flux ae contolled diectly by applying one of the ix active invete voltage vecto. The following equation of the induction moto can explain the pinciple of thi dive. Uing the equation of the tato and the oto voltage we have: dφ v = Ri + dφ v R i j = + ωφ () whee v and v ae the tato voltage, ( i, i ) and ae epectively the tato and oto cuent. ( Φ, Φ ) epeent tato and oto fluxe. Fom the flux equation, the oto cuent can be expeed a: Φ i = Φ σ L LL Subtituting () in () we obtain: dφ v = Ri + dφ Lm + jω Φ = Φ σt L σt () () Fom the ytem decibed by () we conclude: - Stato voltage v contol the tato flux Φ - The oto flux Φ dynamic i contolled by Φ In thee condition the electomagnetic toque can be expeed a:

4 Z. Boulghaoul, A. Elbacha and E. Elwaaki 9 Te = p ΦΦ inα () σ LL whee α denote the angle between the tato and the oto flux. The deivative of equation () can be appoached to the following expeion []: dte dα = p ΦΦ inα () σ L L Expeion () how that the vaiation of α contol the Toque dynamic by applying one of the ix invete voltage vecto. In a hot inteval Δ t the tato flux vaiation can be expeed a: ΔΦ v Δ t (7) One of the ix invete voltage vecto can be choen appopiately to contol the tato flux poition and it modulu, indiectly the oto flux following the vaiation of tato flux duing Δt ince the two vecto ae elated by (). Table how the witching table which can be applied in DTC dive and Fig. how the DTC cheme:. Conventional Combined Vecto Contol and Diect Toque Contol In thi pat, we peent the bai of combined Vecto Contol and Diect Toque Contol developed in [] and []. A hown in ection fo the vecto contol, the oto flux and the electomagnetic toque can be appoximated to the following ytem : Φ = λ i Φ i ΔΦ Δi T = λ i T i ΔT Δi d d d d e q q e q e q () whee λd and λ q depend on the paamete of induction moto. Fo the DTC dive. ΔΦ in a witching peiod invete can be decompoed into two component : The adial component ΔΦ f. Thi component contol the level of the tato flux The tangential component ΔΦ t. Thi component contol the angle of flux otation. Fig. how the otation tato flux vecto fom Φ to Φ in a witching invete peiod: Table. Switching table of DTC dive Φ Φ Secto T e v v v v v v T e = v 7 v v 7 v v 7 v T e v v v v v v T e v v v v v v T e = v v 7 v v 7 v v 7 T e v v v v v v Fig.. Stato flux vecto otation in a witching intvete peiod In thi condition, the vaiation of the electomagnetic toque can be expeed a []: ( ) Δ T = kφ Φ in( α +Δα Φ in α) (9) e whee k depend on the induction moto paamete. With a good appoximation: in( α + Δ α) = inα + coαin Δ α () And: Fig.. Diect Toque Contol Scheme. t in Δ α = ΔΦ () Φ Fom Fig., the new flux Φ can be decibed by: Φ =Φ +ΔΦ t ()

5 Intelligent Contol fo Toque Ripple inimization in Combined Vecto and Diect Contol fo High Pefomance of I Dive Subtituting (), () and () in (9) the electomagnetic toque vaiation may be given by []: We conclude then: Δ T = kφ ΔΦ coα () e t ΔT e ΔΦ t () Conideing the Fig., the level vaiation of the tato flux i given by: ΔΦ = ΔΦ f () In connection with the ytem (), the level vaiation of the oto flux i: technique have been popoed in diffeent eo minimization application: Speed contol, online tuning of paamete vaiation and othe application. To obtain an impoved combined vecto and Diect toque contol duing tat-up o duing change in the efeence flux and toque, a fuzzy logic contolle i popoed and intoduced to eplace the witching table fo moe advantage [-]: Toque ipple minimization, cuent ditotion eduction and witching fequency tabilization... Contol vaiable deciption A deipated in Fig., the fuzzy contolle ha been developed in ode to have thee input which ae the tato cuent eo and the poitionθ and one output conideed a the thee commutation tate Sa, Sb, S c. ΔΦ = ΔΦ () f Refeing to the ytem (), we obtain the elation between the adial component, tangential component and the tato cuent which i given by: ΔΦ f Δ i ΔΦ t Δ i d q (7) figue below how the conventional combined vecto contol and Diect toque contol : Fig.. Fuzzy Contolle Stuctue The fuzzy contolle i compoed of thee block: Fuzzyfication, ule bae, and Defuzzyfication. Fo thi pupoe, a amdani type fuzzy logic ytem will be ued. The vaiable defined fo the fuzzy contolle ae ditibuted into fuzzy et, with the numbe of each one i defined in ode to obtain high contol with optimized numbe of ule [7]. Fo the fit input which i the eo of tato cuent Δ iq, it i defined a diffeence between the efeence value i * q and the meaued component, thi eo can be expeed a : Fig.. Combined Vecto Contol and Diect Toque Contol Scheme. Impoved Combined Vecto Contol and Diect Toque Contol Recently, Fuzzy logic wa found a paticula attention and become popula and ueful to olve nonlinea contol poblem o when the plant model i unknown o difficult to build []. In the cae of Induction moto, Fuzzy logic * q q q Δ i = i i () With the efeence cuent i * q i given by the expeion obtained fom the contol algoithm: L * * q = T * e p Φ i (9) In ode to educe the toque vaiation which i taduced by le ipple, with action on the i q component, the univee of dicoue aociated to eo Δ i i divided q

6 Z. Boulghaoul, A. Elbacha and E. Elwaaki into thee fuzzy et decibed by thee membehip function: P (poitive), Z (zeo) and N (negative). The membehip function ued ae tiangula and hown in Fig. 7. Fo the econd input of the fuzzy contolle ued fo flux contol, it i conideed a eo between the efeence * d component i and the meaued one, thi eo i given by: * d d d Δ i = i i () R i : if ( Δiq i a i ), ( Δid i b i ), ( θ i c i ) then ( i d i ) Whee the a i, b i, c i and d i epeent the fuzzy et. Baed on the vecto evolution hown in Fig. we can fomulate the ule bae of the fuzzy contolle. V V V V V Axi β V V Φ (k+) Φ Φ (k) V V With the efeence cuent * * i d * i d given by the expeion: = Φ () V V V V α Φ V V V V Secto Axi α Fo the univee of dicoue of thi input two membehip function wee ued to decibe each fuzzy et: N (Negative) and P (Poitive). The membehip function ae hown in Fig. 7. The thid input i the tato flux poition * = = ( + ) = + * i q TΦ θ ω ω ω θ θ given by: () fuzzy et ae ued to decibe the univee of dicoue of thi input. The membehip function ae given in Fig. 7(c). The output vaiable of the fuzzy contolle i the commutation tate Sa, Sb, S c. They ae ued to define the appopiate active invete voltage vecto. V V V V V V V Fig.. Stato Veco flux evolution accoding the applied invete voltage vecto. Conideing the cae of the fit ecto, vecto v and v allow a fat evolution of electomagnetic toque but a low evolution of the tato flux modulu, we can conclude than that though thee vecto we can have a fat evolution of the tangential component ΔΦ t and low evolution of the adial component ΔΦ f. In the othe hand, vecto v and v can evee the effect on the electomagnetic toque and flux, which i a low evolution of the electomagnetic toque modulu and fat evolution of the tato flux. Uing the meaued tato cuent component and baed on the elation (7) we chooe the appopiate tato voltage, fo example in ecto, fo lage inceae in flux and lage inceae in toque vecto v i elected, and fo lage inceae in flux with a mall inceae in toque vecto v i elected. With thi poce of eaoning we will have ule and uing deffezufication poce, the output vaiable θ θ θ Δi Δi d q P N Δi Δ id q P N Δi Δ id q P N P v v P v v P v v Z v v 7 Z v 7 v Z v v 7 N v v N v v N v v Fig. 7. Fuzzy contolle input membehip function: fuzzy membehip of i d ; fuzzy membehip of i q ; (c) fuzzy membehip of θ. Fuzzy ule fo contol The ule uppoting thi ytem can be decibed uing the tate vaiable Δiq Δid and θ and the commutation tate vaiable ( Sa, Sb, S c). In the cae of the ith ule R i, it can be witten a: θ θ θ Δi Δi d q P N Δi Δ id q P N Δi Δ id q P N P v v P v v P v v Z v 7 v Z v v 7 Z v 7 v N v v N v v N v v Δi Δ i d q θ 7 P N P v v Z v v 7 N v v Fig. 9. Rule bae of the fuzzy contolle

7 Intelligent Contol fo Toque Ripple inimization in Combined Vecto and Diect Contol fo High Pefomance of I Dive i detemined adequately to have high contol of the invete. The ule uppoting thi contol ae peented in the figue below : The cheme of the impoved combiend Vecto Contol and Diect Toque Contol i peented in Fig. : Toque (N.m) - Toque Refeence - Toque epone Toque (N.m) - Toque Refeence - Toque epone Fig.. Impoved Combined Vecto Contol and Diect Toque Contol cheme. Simulation Reult & Dicuion Fig. Toque epone: conventional combined VC- DTC; Impoved combined VC-DTC Simulation tudie fo the popoed contol cheme wee pefomed by atlab/simulink fo an Induction oto with the paamete hown in Table. The dynamic pefomance of the dive ytem fo diffeent opeating condition ha been tudied with the ue of fuzzy contolle and then compaed with the conventional combined vecto contol and diect toque contol (VC- DTC). Iq and Id Cuent (A) - - Id Iq Table. Induction oto Data Component NAE Value P Rated Powe kw N Rated Speed pm V Rated Voltage V R, Stato and Roto Reitance. Ω-. Ω L, Stato and Roto Inductance.97 H-. H utual Inductance. H J oto Load-Inetia. Kg.m p Numbe of pole pai The dynamic epone of toque, tato cuent component, and tato phae cuent fo the tating poce with [ -] N.m at and then [- ] N.m at.. Fig., and illutate the high pefomance obtained with the impoved combined vecto and diect toque contol. Since the fuzzy contolle can povide Id and Iq Cuent (A) Id Fig.. Id and Iq component: conventional combined VC-DTC; Impoved combined VC- DTC Iq

8 Z. Boulghaoul, A. Elbacha and E. Elwaaki Stato Cuent (A) uitable amplitude accoding to ytem opeation tation, the toque ipple wa ignificantly educed a hown in Fig.. And the ditotion in both tato cuent component and tato phae cuent wee ubtantially educed a hown in Fig. and when uing fuzzy contolle in combined VC-DTC tuctue. In ode to evaluate futhe the popoed combined VC- DTC, a cloed loop peed contol with a imple IP contolle i applied to the dive; we peent alo the eult obtained with conventional combined VC-DTC fo compaion. The dive wa ubject to tep of peed +C -C Stato Cuent (A) - - Speed (d/) Fig.. Stato cuent in conventional combined VC-DTC: tato cuent; zoom on tato cuent - Fig.. Speed epone in both conventional and popoed combined VC-DTC Stato Cuent (A) - - Toque (N.m) - - Stato Cuent (A) Fig.. Stato cuent in impoved combined VC-DTC: tato cuent; zoom on tato cuent Toque (N.m) - - Fig.. Toque epone: conventional combined VC- DTC; Impoved combined VC-DTC

9 Intelligent Contol fo Toque Ripple inimization in Combined Vecto and Diect Contol fo High Pefomance of I Dive Id and Iq (A) Id and Iq (A) 9 7 Id (A) Iq (A) Id (A) Iq (A) - Fig. 7. Id and Iq component: conventional combined VC-DTC; Impoved combined VC- DTC Stato Cuent (A) Stato Cuent (A) Fig.. Stato cuent in conventional combined VC-DTC: tato cuent; zoom on tato cuent efeence fom [ ] d/ with intoduction and ejection of load toque of.n.m epectivly at and, figue below illutate the eult. A hown, the popoed contol povide high pefomance compaed to conventional dive, it i een that the popoed contol ytem i capable of contolling the moto peed and toque a well a the conventional dive, with toque ipple minimization and educed tato cuent ditotion. To tet the obutne and the effeciency of the popoed dive, the induction moto wa ubject to low peed Stato cuent (A) Stato cuent (A) Fig. 9. Stato cuent in impoved combined VC-DTC: tato cuent; zoom on tato cuent Speed (d/) - - +C Fig.. Speed epone in both conventional and popoed combined VC-DTC

10 Z. Boulghaoul, A. Elbacha and E. Elwaaki Toque (N.m) - - efeence in ode to illutate the high pefomance obtained in thi egion which i a citical point of majoity of the dive. Figue below illutate the eult of thi invitigation: Toque (N.m) Stato Cuent (A) Fig.. Toque epone: conventional combined VC- DTC; Impoved combined VC-DTC Stato Cuent (A) - - Id and Iq (A) Id and Iq (A) - - Id Id Iq Iq Fig.. Id and Iq component: conventional combined VC-DTC; Impoved combined VC- DTC Fig.. Stato cuent: conventional combined VC- DTC; Impoved combined VC-DTC A hown in figue above even at low peed egion, the popoed contol enue high pefomance dive compaed with the conventional contol. It wa dawn that the impoved combined vecto contol and diect toque contol can effectively olve the hotcoming of the toque ipple in the conventional combined VC-DTC dive. The method povide an effective cheme fo educing moto toque ipple and noie in the low-peed opeating condition. 7. Concluion Conventional Combined vecto contol and Diect toque contol i a imple and efficient method that can be applied to dive Induction oto.howeve, thee ae ome dawback aociated to thi dive uch a the high toque ipple, cuent ditotion and a non contant witching fequency. In thi pape, a fuzzy contolle fo educing toque ipple ha been intoduced in thi dive. Simulation tudie of thi contol illutate the high pefomance

11 Intelligent Contol fo Toque Ripple inimization in Combined Vecto and Diect Contol fo High Pefomance of I Dive obtained and the contibution added to thi dive by educing the toque ipple and impoving the wavefom of the tato cuent. The dive wa impoved alo in low peed egion wich i a citical point fo the combined conventional Vecto contol and Diect toque contol. Refeence [] Boe BK, Powe electonic and Ac dive, New- Jeey, USA, Pentice Hall, Englewood Cliff, 9; -. [] Leonhad W, Contol of electical dive, Belin, Gemany: Spinge-Velag, 99. [] Cheng FF, Yeh SN, Application of fuzzy logic in peed contol of AC evo ytem and an intelligent invete, IEEE Tan Enegy Conveion 99, (), pp. -. [] Eudemaio Souza de Santana, Edon Bim, and Wagne Caadoi do Amaal, A Pedictive Algoithm fo Contolling Speed and Roto Flux of Induction oto, IEEE Tanaction on Indutial Electonic, vol n. Decembe, pp [] F.Blachke, The Pinciple of Field Oientation a applied to the New Tanvecto Cloed Loop contol Sytem fo Rotating Field achine, Siemen Review, vol., pp. 7-, ay 97. [] Wang, Z.S, Ho, S.L, Indiect Roto Field Oientation Vecto Contol fo Induction oto Dive in the Abence of Cuent Seno, The th Intenational Powe Electonic and otion Contol Confeence ~ IPEC ~, Augut -,, Shanghai, China. [7] ohamed Bouak, Kamel Jaay, A High- Pefomance Senole Indiect Stato Flux Oientation Contol of Induction oto Dive, IEEE Tanaction on Indutial Electonic, vol., No., Febuay. [] Pofumo F, DeDoncke R, Feai P, Patoelli. Compaion of univeal field oiented (UFO) contolle in diffeent efeence fame, IEEE Tan Powe Electonic, ach 99, vol., pp.. [9] A. Shii, A. Vahedi and A. Shoulaie, The effect of paamete vaiation on the pefomance of indiect vecto contolled induction moto dive, Intenational Powe Electonic and otion Contol Confeence,. IPEC. [] A.. Bazzi A. P. Fiedl S. Choi P. T. Kein Compaion of Induction oto Dive fo Electic Vehicle Application: Dynamic Pefomance and Paamete Senitivity Analye, Electic achine and Dive Confeence, 9. IEDC '9. [] Babuaj Kaanayil, uhammed Fazlu Rahman, and Colin Gantham Online Stato and Roto Reitance Etimation Scheme Uing Atificial Neual Netwok fo Vecto Contolled Speed Senole Induction oto Dive, IEEE Tanaction on Indutial Electonic, vol., No., Febuay 7, pp [] Abbou, H. ahmoudi, A. Elbacha High-Gain Obeve Compenato fo Roto Reitance Vaiation On Induction oto RFOC, The th IEEE Intenational Confeence on Electonic, Cicuit and Sytem, Decembe -, 7 aakech, oocco [] Y. Lai, W. Wang, Y. Chen Novel Switching Technique fo Reducing the Speed Ripple of AC Dive With Diect Toque Contol, IEEE Tan on Indutial Electonic, vol., No, pp.7-77, Augut.. [] A. Abbou. H. ahmoudi Real Time Implementation of a Senole Speed Contol of Induction oto uing DTFC Stategy, Intenational confeence on multimedia computing and ytem poceeding, pp. 7-. Ouzazzate - Apil 9. []. Takahahi and T. Noguchi, A new quickepone and high efficiency contol tategy of an induction moto, IEEE Tan. Ind. Appl, pp. 7, Sep./Oct. 9. [] N. Rumzi Nik Idi, A. ohamed Yatim, Diect Toque Contol of Induction achine With Contant Switching Fequency and Reduced Toque Ripple, IEEE Tan on Indutial Electonic, Vol., No., pp. 7-77, Augut.. [7] J. Belhadj, I. Slama-Belkhodja,. Pietzak-David and B. De Fonel, Diect Toque contol of induction machine with a hot-time computing obeve, Electomotion, Vol., aakeh, oocco, pp.9-.. [] Abbou, H. ahmoudi, A. Elbacha, The Effect of Stato Reitance Vaiation on DTFC of Induction oto and it Compenation, th IEEE Intenational Confeence on Electonic, Cicuit and Sytem Decembe -, 7 aakech, oocco [9] S.. alik, E. Elbuluk and Donald S. Zinge, PI and fuzzy etimato fo tuning the tato eitance in diect toque contol of induction machine, IEEE Tan. On Powe Electonic, Vol.No., ach, 99. [] S. Vaez-Zadeh, E. Jalali Combined vecto contol and diect toque contol method fo high pefomance induction moto dive, Enegy Conveion and anagement (7) 9. [] Sadegh Vaez-Zadeh, Ehan Jalali An Induction oto Dive Sytem Employing Salient Featue of Vecto and Diect Toque Contol, Intenational Electic achine & Dive Confeence, 7. IEDC '7. [] Jean-Piee CARON Jean Paul HAUTIER, odéliation et commande de la machine aynchone, Edition Technip -Pai 99, ISBN -7--, ISSN -7

12 Z. Boulghaoul, A. Elbacha and E. Elwaaki 7 [] Z.Boulghaoul, A.Elbacha, E.Elwaaki, D.Youfi Robutne of fuzzy contolle baed adaptation mechanim fo RAS enole I dive, The 9 IEEE Intenational Confeence on Electical achine, ICE, Rome, Italy. [] Ryu J-S, Yoon I-S, Lee K-S, Hong S-C, Diect toque contol of induction moto uing fuzzy vaiable witching ecto, IEEE Inte. Sympoium on Indutial Electonic (ISIE), ; pp [] Romeal L, Aia A, Aldaba E, Jayne, Novel diect toque contol (DTC) cheme with fuzzy adaptive toque-ipple eduction, IEEE Tan Ind Electon ;, pp [] Buja GS, Kazmiekoki, Diect toque contol of PW invetefed AC moto - a uvey, IEEE Tan Ind Electon ;, pp [7] Sayeed A. i, Donald S. Zinge, and alik E. Elbuluk, Fuzzy Contolle fo Invete Fed Induction achine, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, vol., no., pp. 7-, Jan- Feb,99. Zakaia BOULGHASOUL wa bon in Eaouia, oocco, on Novembe,, 9. He eceived the.s degee in electical engineeing fom Cadi Ayyad Univeity in 9, Since Januay he woked in Ph.D at PhD Cente of engineeing cience in the ame Univeity, Hi aea of inteet i elated to the innovative contol tategie fo AC Dive, epecially Induction oto Dive, Pedictive Contol, Neual Netwok, Fuzzy logic, RFOC, DTC, and Senole Contol. He ha peented many pape at national and intenational confeence on the Electical machine and contol ytem. He developed a platfom baed on Induction moto fo Real Time Expeiment with DS boad fom dspace piloted by the poceo TSF. Cuently he tat making ome expeiment uing a dspic boad fom icochip Society. He a gaduate tudent embe of the IEEE Induty Application, IEEE Indutial Electonic, and IEEE Powe Electonic Societie of the Intitute of Electical and Electonic Enginee IEEE. Abdelhadi Elbacha Wa bon in Zagoa, oocco, in 97. He eceived the B.S. and Aggegation in electical engineeing fom ENSET Rabat, oocco in 99 and 999 epectively, and.s. degee in indutial infomatic and the Ph.D. degee in electical engineeing fom Cadi Ayyad Univeity, oocco, in and epectively. Duing the yea he wa aociated with the laboatoy (LSET) in Cadi Ayyad aakech Univeity when he woked on Diect Toque contol fo Induction oto Cuently, he i an Aitant Pofeo of Automatic and Contol at Applied Science School Engineeing (ENSA) aakech, oocco. Hi cuent aea of inteet i elated to the innovative contol tategie fo AC Dive, epecially Induction oto Dive, DTC, RFOC and Senole Contol. Elmotafa Elwaaki wa bon in Beni ellal, oocco in 99. He eceived the.s degee in 99, doctoate in electical engineeing in fom ENSE and Ph.D in infomation teatment fom the Univeity Haan II Benm ik Caablanca 7. Fom 997 to, he joined the ENSA Intitute a a.a Pofeo. Then he joined the Cadi Ayyad Univeity, he i a full Ph Pofeo in Electical engineeing and Data Tanmiion. Hi cuent eeach activitie include Semiconducto Device modeling, cicuit imulation and themal analyi. Recently, He inteet on data potocol tanmiion.