Appendix A. Skamania and Klickitat Counties: Noxious Weeds List

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1 and Klickitat : Noxious Weeds ist Common Name Scientific Name Class ocation Notes abitat Description loom Time ikelihood of (,,) bean-caper, Syrian Zygophyllum fabago Waste areas, dry grasslands, and deserts, at elevations ranging from 150 to 3,300 feet. Open, rocky areas and gravelly soils. In, this species is found on sandy to silt loam soils blueweed, Texas elianthus ciliaris Yakima County Cultivated fields, drainage areas, dry lakes, roadsides broom, Spanish Spartium junceum Currently limited to small populations or individual shrubs in King, Kitsap, and Thurston counties buffalobur Solanum rostratum Fields, overgrazed pastures, yards, roadsides, waste areas, and barn yards ay to July November early frost ate early clary, meadow Salvia pratensis Two confirmed sites in Stevens County, Steep slope with ponderosa pine; the site is relatively dry and well-drained. The species also occurs in less well-drained meadow sites cordgrass, denseflower Spartina densiflora Upper intertidal zone, or mid to high marsh zones, near the mean high water mark, or just below it on open mud pril through July cordgrass, salt meadow Spartina patens Dominates the upper salt marsh zone and also colonizes sand dunes, swale grasslands, sand flats, and coastal scrublands crupina, common Crupina vulgaris s lone infestation occurs in the ake Chelan area, between Prince Creek and unts luff Capable of vegetative growth and reproduction under a wide range of temperature and photoperiod conditions flax, spurge Thymelaea passerina Okanogan County, the only known location Found in dry pastures, bluffs, railroad embankments, and flood plains pril to early frost four o'clock, wild irabilis nyctaginea Orchards, alfalfa fields, range lands, sandy, rocky and heavy cultivated soils, fence rows, dry meadows, railroad embankment; along river areas where it is found downstream in high water areas. goatsrue Galega officinalis Uncut pastures, fence lines, roadways and wet, marshy areas, roadsides, and open fields to hawkweed, yellow devil ieracium floribundum Thurston and Whatcom, eadows, roadsides, and fields ay to June

2 and Klickitat : Noxious Weeds ist Common Name Scientific Name Class ocation Notes abitat Description loom Time ikelihood of (,,) hogweed, giant eracleum mantegazzianum Roadsides, other rights-of-way, vacant lots, streams, and rivers July hydrilla ydrilla verticillata Submersed, freshwater perennial herb, generally rooted on the bottom in depths of greater to 20 feet where water clarity is good. It is found in lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, and ditches johnsongrass Sorghum halepense Weed of cultivated fields ay to knapweed, bighead Centaurea macrocephala Grassy meadows, in loam and silt loam soils with precipitation of 20 inches or more at a elevations ranging from 2,560 to 2,680 feet id- knapweed, Vochin Centaurea nigrescens Grows along roadsides, fields and waste areas to kudzu Pueraria montana var. lobata Well-drained degraded or eroded land or in disturbed, sandy, deep-loam soils in full sun id-summer lawnweed Soliva sessilis ssociated with heavy foot traffic, public swim areas, boat launches of public lakes, golf courses, and hard-packed soils near paths and roadsides mustard, garlic lliaria petiolata Forest edges, shaded roadsides, urban areas, riparian areas, flood plains, along hiking trails, waste areas and in dry, sunny areas along railroads February to July ay to June nightshade, silverleaf Solanum elaeagnifolium There is no record of how silverleaf nightshade was introduced to Coarse-textured, sandy soils ay to primrose-willow, floating udwigia peploides quatic herb that grows along freshwater shorelines and sprawls across the water's surface. It tolerates water depths up to 3 meters ay to sage, clary Salvia sclarea Two confirmed sites in Stevens County, Steep slope with ponderosa pine; the site is relatively dry and well-drained. The species also occurs in less well-drained meadow sites. sage, editerranean Salvia aethiopis South-facing slopes in loose, gravelly soil, with inches of annual precipitation. It is found in drained riparian areas and dry pastures ay to spurge, eggleaf Euphorbia oblongata Dry hillside with a southern exposure, in open and very sandy and rocky soil ay

3 and Klickitat : Noxious Weeds ist Common Name Scientific Name Class ocation Notes abitat Description loom Time ikelihood of (,,) starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa sotin County (eastern ) and Island County (western ). single plant was also identified in dams county. Grasslands; heavy bottomland soils. ay to June Sweetgrass, reed Glyceria maxima Grows in wet areas, including shallow water ate spring thistle, Italian Carduus pycnocephalus Steptoe Canyon in Whitman County Dry, open areas such as pastures, rangelands, right-of-ways, and also waste areas ate spring thistle, milk Silybum marianum long roadsides, pastures, and waste areas; it prefers high fertility soils. ate spring thistle, slenderflower Carduus tenuiflorus Southeastern Thurston county Dry, open areas such as pastures, rangelands, and right-of-ways ate spring velvetleaf butilon theophrasti Waste areas, roadsides, vacant lots, fence rows and cultivated fields and gardens. woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria Kittitas County Rocky soils with minimum water holding pril to June capacity, rangelands, pastures and forest lands. alyssum, hoary erteroa incana Grows along roadsides, railroads, waste ground ay to arrowhead, grassleaved Sagittaria graminea Observed only in ason and Snohomish Grows in shallow water of ponds, marshes, ditches, and on their wet shores lackgrass lopecurus myosuroides Often found on heavy soils with high water retention capacity Spring lueweed Echium vulgare Grows in waste ground, roadsides, gravel bars, sand bars ay to broom, Scotch Cytisus scoparius Pastures and cultivated fields, dry scrubland and "wasteland", native grasslands and along roadsides, dry riverbeds and other waterways pril- bryony, white ryonia alba Whitman, Garfield, and Columbia counties edgerows Summer

4 and Klickitat : Noxious Weeds ist Common Name Scientific Name Class ocation Notes abitat Description loom Time ikelihood of (,,) bugloss, annual nchusa arvensis Pend Oreille, Roadsides, in disturbed habitats, Spokane, and pastures, and cultivated fields Whitman counties bugloss, common nchusa officinalis ead area north of Spokane Common bugloss grows in the sandy, gravelly, glacial outwash soils of north central Spokane County. camelthorn lhagi maurorum Columbia asin of central Deep moist soil; also occurs in dry, rocky, or saline soils; especially abundant along riverbanks, canals, and irrigation ditches to carrot, wild Daucus carota eadows, pastures, roadsides, and waste places. Plants are typically found in sandy or gravelly soils and in wet areas chervil, wild nthriscus sylvestris cordgrass, common Spartina anglica cordgrass, smooth Spartina alterniflora Whatcom, Skagit, Snohomish, and Thurston counties oist areas including: hedgerows, edges of woods, crop lands, stream banks, and waste places. ay to Salt marshes Plant of the intertidal zone Spring through early fall Salt marshes Plant of the intertidal zone Spring through early fall daisy, oxeye eucanthemum vulgare (east of Range 13E) Native grasslands, overgrazed pastures, waste areas, meadows, railroad rights-ofway, and roadsides elodea, razilian Egeria densa akes fanwort Cabomba caroliniana Only known from side channels of the Columbia River, near ongview Grows rooted in the mud of stagnant to ay to slow flowing water, including streams, smaller rivers, lakes, ponds, sloughs, and ditches fennel, common Foeniculum vulgare San Juan, Skagit, King, Jefferson, and Thurston Disturbed sites ay fieldcress, ustrian Rorippa austriaca floating heart, yellow Nymphoides peltata Disturbed and cultivated sites, roadsides, fields, especially hay fields, mud flats; inhabits areas where the soil is wet from 6-8 months during the year Slow moving rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds

5 and Klickitat : Noxious Weeds ist Common Name Scientific Name Class ocation Notes abitat Description loom Time ikelihood of (,,) gorse Ulex europaeus Disturbed areas along roadsides, fence rows, riparian areas, grasslands and open forests. arch hawkweed, mouseear ieracium pilosella Permanent meadows, grasslands, rangelands, and pastures hawkweed, orange ieracium aurantiacum Found in Permanent meadows, grasslands, County rangelands, and pastures hawkweed, polar ieracium atratum Found at an Roadsides elevation of 4600 feet and along I-5 in Skagit County hawkweed, queendevil ieracium glomeratum Permanent meadows, grasslands, rangelands, and pastures hawkweed, smooth ieracium laevigatum Permanent meadows, grasslands, rangelands, and pastures hawkweed, yellow ieracium caespitosum Permanent meadows, rangelands, and pastures. (except T6N, R12E, S32-34; T5N, R12E, S4-7; T5N, R11E, S12) hedgeparsley Torilis arvensis (except T4N, R10-14E; T3N, R10-13E; T2N, R12-13E) Found along roadsides and in waste areas ay to helmet, policeman s Impatiens glandulifera Somewhat limited in Found in lowland, riparian areas which include moist forests, stream sides, and roadside thickets ay to herb-robert Geranium robertianum Found in moist forests with canopy closure, in forest gaps and more open canopies, and on dry rocky outcrops pril to indigobush morpha fruticosa (except within 200 feet of the Columbia River) Grows along streams and river corridors and in prairie draws ay to knapweed, black Centaurea nigra Part of the meadow knapweed complex knapweed, brown Centaurea jacea Grows in pastures, orchards, and plains, County but it prefers the mountainous regions. knapweed, meadow Centaurea jacea x nigra Grows in mesic meadow and pasture areas and in openings in forested areas to

6 and Klickitat : Noxious Weeds ist Common Name Scientific Name Class ocation Notes abitat Description loom Time ikelihood of (,,) knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe Occurs in the northeastern and, to a lesser degree, in the central parts of the state; occurs in association with irrigation. laurel, spurge Daphne laureola Clallam, Cowlitz Grows well in open forests and along Jefferson, King, shorelines Kitsap, ewis, Pierce, San Juan, Thurston, and Whatcom counties ate winter to early spring lepyrodiclis epyrodiclis holosteoides Known only from Whitman County Grows in grain fields ay to June loosestrife, garden ysimachia vulgaris Known in ake Grows in moist habitats, such as fens, Sammamish and wet woods, lake shores, and river banks ake and eastern sites loosestrife, purple ythrum salicaria Grows in freshwater and brackish wetlands loosestrife, wand ythrum virgatum Grows in freshwater and brackish wetlands nutsedge, yellow Cyperus esculentus Grows along margins of lakes, rivers, streams, and marshes July oxtongue, hawkweed Picris hieracioides Grows in grassland and waysides County parrotfeather yriophyllum aquaticum Found throughout Grows in freshwater lakes, ponds, the drainage streams, and canals and appears to be system in the adapted to high nutrient environments ongview/kelso area, Wahkiakum County, and the Chehalis River and in County Spring primrose, water udwigia hexapetala Well established in the ongview/kelso diking ditches of Cowlitz County Grows in areas of shallow water to about 1 m deep. It can withstand slowly flowing water. It favors the margins of lakes, ponds, ditches and streams ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobaea Grows in disturbed sites including roadsides, pastures, and forested areas recently harvested for timber ate summer to fall

7 and Klickitat : Noxious Weeds ist Common Name Scientific Name Class ocation Notes abitat Description loom Time ikelihood of (,,) saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima Grows most frequently in saline soils that are seasonally saturated at the surface; adaptable and tolerant of a wide variety of environmental conditions ate spring to early summer skeletonweed, rush Chondrilla juncea Grows along roadside sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis Grows in cultivated fields, waste areas, meadows, sloughs, woods, lawns, roadsides, beaches, ditches, and river and lake shores spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula Spreads most rapidly in areas where cattle or other grass-preferring animals remove competing plants ay to July thistle, musk Carduus nutans Grows in pastures, rangeland, native meadows, roadsides, forests, stream banks, and occasionally grain fields Early to mid- June thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides Grows in disturbed areas such as pastures, roadsides, waste areas, and ditch banks thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium Grows indisturbed sites, roadsides, fields, and especially sites with fertile soils toadflax, Dalmatian inaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica (east of Klickitat River) and County Grows in disturbed open sites, fields, pastures, degraded rangelands, roadsides ay to watermilfoil, Eurasian yriophyllum spicatum akes, ponds, shallow reservoirs and low energy areas of rivers and streams July catsear, common ypochaeris radicata cinquefoil, sulfur Potentilla recta Grows in lawns, pastures, gardens, seed fields, and waste places Grows in open grasslands, shrubby areas, open forest and logged areas, roadsides, waste areas, and abandoned fields pril to daisy, oxeye eucanthmum vulgare (west of Range 13E) Grows in grasslands, overgrazed pastures, waste areas, meadows, railroad rights-of-way, and roadsides

8 and Klickitat : Noxious Weeds ist Common Name Scientific Name Class ocation Notes abitat Description loom Time ikelihood of (,,) hawkweed, yellow ieracium caespitosum Permanent meadows, rangelands, and pastures. (T6N, R12E, S32-34; T5N, R12E, S4-7; T5N, R11E, S12) and County hedgeparsley Torilis arvensis (T4N, R10-14E; T3N, R10-13E; T2N, R12-13E) and County Grows in disturbed upland sites such as Spring to roadsides, urban areas, railroad rights-ofway and early summer woodlands houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale Grows in roadsides, meadows and disturbed places (within 200 feet of the Columbia River) indigobush morpha fruticosa Grows along streams and river corridors and in prairie draws Spring knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa knapweed, Russian croptilon repens Grows along sandy river shores, gravel Spring banks, cracks in rocks on cliffs and outcrops, rangelands, pastures, and hayfields on sandy loams, loams, and silt loams Grows in pastures, grain fields, and along roads or irrigation ditches. In eastern, Russian knapweed is commonly found on sites occupied by basin wildrye knotweed, ohemian Polygonum bohemicum Grows in disturbed moist sites, roadsides, riparian and wetland areas ate summer knotweed, giant Polygonum sachalinense Grows in disturbed moist sites, roadsides, riparian and wetland areas ate summer knotweed, imalayan Polygonum polystachyum Grows in disturbed moist sites, roadsides, riparian and wetland areas ate summer knotweed, Japanese Polygonum cuspidatum Grows in waste places, neglected gardens, roadsides, and along streambanks ate summer kochia Kochia scoparia Grows in pastures, rangeland, roadsides, ditch banks, wastelands, and cultivated fields ate summer

9 and Klickitat : Noxious Weeds ist Common Name Scientific Name Class ocation Notes abitat Description loom Time ikelihood of (,,) nutsedge, yellow Cyperus esculentus (an area lying south of SR14 and within T2N, R13 & 14E) Grows along margins of lakes, rivers, streams, and marshes. pepperweed, perennial epidium latifolium Grows in pastures, riparian habitats, and waste places in wetter areas. The plant can also be a problem in roadside, rangeland, and field crop situations puncturevine Tribulus terrestris Grows in pastures, roadsides, orchards, vineyards, waste places, parks, railway yards, and agricultural areas pril to June sandbur, longspine Cenchrus longispinus Grows in open, disturbed sites in fields, orchards, vineyards, alfalfa, cultivated crops, ditch banks spurge, myrtle Euphorbia myrsinites Grant County Grows in well-drained dry to moist soils with partial shade to full sun; disrupted areas and waste places. ay to pril starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis Grows on poor quality rangeland, edges of cropland, idle farmlands and pastures, roadsides, railways, and recreational areas. Swainsonpea Sphaerophysa salsula Grows along roadsides, waste areas, fence rows, and in cropland. It prefers wet, irrigated lands ay to July toadflax, Dalmatian inaria dalmatica spp. dalmatica (west of Klickitat River) Grows in a variety of habitats, including: roadsides, pastures, rangelands, and waste areas ay butterfly bush uddleia davidii C Grows in disturbed areas including id summer roadsides, abandoned railroad tracks, pastures, riverbanks, and recently logged forests. cocklebur, spiny Xanthium spinosum C Grows in cultivated fields, wastelands, farm yards, flood plains, and along waterways Summer cress, hoary Cardaria draba C Grows under open, unshaded conditions in grain fields, hayfields, sugar beets, vegetable crops, and along roadsides id June goatgrass, jointed egilops cylindrica C Found in wheatfields, grasslands, roadsides, fence rows ay to June

10 and Klickitat : Noxious Weeds ist Common Name Scientific Name Class ocation Notes abitat Description loom Time ikelihood of (,,) henbane, black yoscyamus niger C Common in rangeland, pastures, fence rows, roadsides, and waste areas poison-hemlock Conium maculatum C Grows along roadsides, field margins, Spring ditchbanks and in low-lying waste areas; riparian woodlands and open flood plains of rivers and streams spikeweed emizonia pungens C Grows in seasonally flooded areas ate June through St. Johnswort, common ypericum perforatum C eadows, dry pastures, rangelands, roadsides, and empty fields. owever, it has the capability to invade healthy rangelands ay to thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense C Roadsides, railway embankments, lawns, gardens, abandoned fields, sand dunes, agricultural fields, margins of forests, and waterways whitetop, hairy Cardaria pubescens C Grows in roadsides, railways, ditch banks, along field margins, hedgerows, pastures, drained wetlands, heavily grazed areas, open and abandoned fields arch to June canarygrass, rred Phalaris arundinacea O study area in 2003 Typically occurs in soils that are saturated or nearly saturated for most of the growing season, but where standing water does not persist for extended periods Iris, yellow-flag Iris pseudacorus O study area in 2003 Freshwater wetlands Early summer Class consists of those noxious weeds not native to state that are of limited distribution or are unrecorded in the state and that pose a serious threat to the state. (RCW (a)) Class designate consists of those noxious weeds not native to the state and that are of limited distribution or are unrecorded in a region of the state and whose populations in a region or area are such that all seed production can be prevented within a calendar year (RCW ). Class consists of those noxious weeds not native to the state that are of limited distribution or are unrecorded in a region of the state and that pose a serious threat to that region. (RCW (b)). The Noxious Weed Control oard through RCW has listed Class weeds, not designated by the State, to be on the county noxious weed list. Class C consists of any other noxious weeds. (RCW (c)). The Noxious Weed Control oard through RCW has listed Class C weeds to be designated for control on the county noxious weed list. O- observed in the field in 2003 but not listed on either the Klickitat or County Noxious Weed ists Sources: Weed Control ( County Weed Control oard- Sarah Prince (pers. comm.)