Student Project No. 4: Botany on Pui O Beach

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1 Field Manual Student Project No. 4: Botany on Pui O Beach Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong November 2004 Partial support from The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Quality Education Fund

2 A Web-based Database and Training for Hong Kong Flora and Vegetation Field Study on Pui O Beach for Botany on Sandy Beaches Introduction Sandy beaches represent a harsh habitat that is inhabited by plants adapted to the environmental stress there. It is a good example to illustrate the adaptation to xerophytic environments in Hong Kong. Environmental pressure on plants on sandy beaches includes: (a) unstable substratum (b) pruning effects of wind (c) tidal changes and waves washing ashore causing submersion in sea water or exposure to air (d) poor water supply, rain water not well retained, sea water of little value (e) high salt content of water (f) salt spray by wind (g) high irradiation, little shading, refraction by sand (h) wide range of temperature fluctuation at ground level, high around noon time and possibly some 20 C lower at night (i) low nutrient supply (j) exposure to herbivores and trampling Pui O Beach is located between Cheung Sha Beach and Chi Ma Wan Peninsula in southern Lantau Island. It is a gazetted beach of about one kilometer long, with clear water and fine sand. With its beautiful scenery, Pui O Beach becomes a popular vacationland. More than 100 species of plants are found there. Some of them show certain adaptations to the xerophytic conditions. This exercise aims to learn more about plants on sandy beaches and appreciate their adaptations to such a habitat. Students are suggested to (a) look for the plants that demonstrate certain adaptation features,

3 (b) take a photo of the plant or plant parts concerned or a photo of the student standing next to or touching the plant (but not detaching or picking any plant part), and (c) summarise the features or functions in short phrases or use them as captions for the photos. When finished, students can submit their reports and photos to <webmaster@hkflora.com> or send them to Hong Kong Flora and Vegetation Team, Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong. We shall arrange to have them loaded on the website. General information Date: Place: Time: School name: Teacher name: Student name: Exercise Study the plants there and identify those that demonstrate adaptation features on site, and take notes using the following tables. Plant name Feature(s) / Adaptation(s) Photograph number

4 Plant name Feature(s) / Adaptation(s) Photograph number

5 Plant name Feature(s) / Adaptation(s) Photograph number

6 Check List of Plants on Pui O Beach Family Name Scientific Name Chinese Name Family Name Scientific Name Chinese Name 017 Lauraceae Cassytha filiformis 291 Verbenaceae Verbena hybrida 017 Lauraceae Litsea glutinosa 291 Verbenaceae Vitex quinata 035 Menispermacea Cocculus orbiculatus 291 Verbenaceae Vitex rotundifolia 035 e Menispermacea Diploclisia glaucescens 292 Labiatae Salvia japonica 035 e Menispermacea Tinospora sinensis 298 Oleaceae Ligustrum sinense 051 e Ulmaceae Celtis sinensis 304 Acanthaceae Thunbergia erecta 053 Moraceae Ficus microcarpa 306 Bignoniaceae Spathodea campanulata 066 Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia ( ) 306 Bignoniaceae Tecoma capensis 069 Nyctaginaceae Bougainvillea spectabilis 315 Goodeniaceae Scaevola taccada 073 Chenopodiaceae Atriplex maximowicziana (Scaevola sericea) 074 Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera ( ) 316 Rubiaceae Hamelia patens 074 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus viridis 316 Rubiaceae Hedyotis corymbosa 102 Tiliaceae Microcos paniculata ( ) 316 Rubiaceae Ixora chinensis 102 Tiliaceae Triumfetta rhomboidea 316 Rubiaceae Paederia scandens 105 Malvaceae Hibiscus rosa -sinensis 316 Rubiaceae Richardia scabra 105 Malvaceae Hibiscus tiliaceus 323 Compositae Ageratum conyzoides 105 Malvaceae Malvaviscus arboreus var. penduliflorus 323 Compositae 323 Compositae Bidens bipinnata Bidens pilosa 105 Malvaceae Sida spp. 323 Compositae Conyza bonariensis 105 Malvaceae Thespesia populnea 323 Compositae Elephantopus scaber 105 Malvaceae Urena lobata 323 Compositae Emilia sonchifolia 110 Flacourtiaceae Scolopia chinensis 323 Compositae Gynura divaricata 125 Passifloraceae Passiflora foetida 323 Compositae Launaea sarmentosa 147 Ericaceae Rhododendron spp. 323 Compositae Siegesbeckia orientalis 165 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum tobira 323 Compositae Tridax procumbens 183 Mimosaceae Acacia confusa 323 Compositae Vernonia cinerea 183 Mimosaceae Calliandra haematocephala 323 Compositae Wedelia trilobata 183 Mimosaceae Entada phaseoloides 323 Compositae Wollastonia biflora 183 Mimosaceae Mimosa pudica 323 Compositae Xanthium sibiricum 184 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia blakeana 340 Palmae Chrysalidocarpus lutescens 184 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia variegata 340 Palmae Livistona chinensis 184 Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia bonduc 340 Palmae Phoenix roebelenii 184 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia tora 340 Palmae Roystonea regia 184 Caesalpiniaceae Peltophorum pterocarpum ( ) 342 Pandanaceae Pandanus tectorius 185 Papilionaceae Abrus precatorius 357 Cyperaceae Cyperus flabelliformis 185 Papilionaceae Alysicarpus vaginalis 357 Cyperaceae Kyllinga brevifolia 185 Papilionaceae Canavalia maritima 358 Gramineae Axonopus compressus 185 Papilionaceae Crotalaria albida 358 Gramineae Bambusa flexuosa 185 Papilionaceae Crotalaria pallida 358 Gramineae Chrysopogon aciculatus 185 Papilio naceae Dalbergia hancei 358 Gramineae Cynodon dactylon 185 Papilionaceae Desmodium triflorum 358 Gramineae Cyrtococcum patens 185 Papilionaceae Indigofera tinctoria 358 Gramineae Digitaria sanguinalis 185 Papilionaceae Phyllodium pulchellum 358 Gramineae Eleusine coracana 185 Papilionaceae Pueraria phaseoloides 358 Gramineae Eleusine indica 185 Papilionaceae Zornia gibbosa 358 Gramineae Imperata koenigii 192 Lythraceae Cuphea platycentra 358 Gramineae Panicum maximum 192 Lythraceae Lagerstroemia indica 358 Gramineae Panicum repens 192 Lythraceae Lagerstroemia speciosa 358 Gramineae Pasp alum orbiculare 197 Thymelaeaceae Wikstroemia indica 358 Gramineae Pennisetum alopecuroides 237 Euphorbiaceae Aleurites moluccana 358 Gramineae Rhynchelytrum repens 237 Euphorbiaceae Bischofia javanica 358 Gramineae Spinifex littoreus 237 Euphorbiaceae Bridelia tomentosa ( ) 358 Gramineae Zoysia matrella 237 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia hirta 358 Gramineae Zoysia sinica 237 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia thymifolia ( ) 363 Streliziaceae Strelitzia nicolai 237 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga tanarius 369 Cannaceae Canna indica 237 Euphorbiaceae Mallotus paniculatus 372 Pontederiaceae Monochoria hastata 237 Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus urinaria 375 Amaryllidaceae Hippeastrum vittatum ( ) 237 Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis 375 Amaryllidaceae Hymenocallis littoralis ( ) 237 Euphorbiaceae Sapium sebiferum 379 Agavaceae Agave americana 238 Rhamnaceae Berchemia floribunda 379 Agavaceae Agave angustifolia 238 Rhamnaceae Paliurus ramosissimus 379 Agavaceae Dracaena draco 238 Rhamnaceae Sageretia thea G02 Araucariaceae Araucaria heterophylla 257 Sapindaceae halicacabum G06 Cupressaceae Chamaecyparis pisifera cv. Squarrosa 257 Sapindaceae Dimocarpus longan G06 Cupressaceae Juniperus chinensis cv. 263 Simaroubaceae Brucea javanica ( ) Kaizuca 265 Meliaceae Melia azedarach ( ) P17 Lygodiaceae Lygodium japonicum 266 Rutaceae Glycosmis parviflora 266 Rutaceae Murraya paniculata 266 Rutaceae Zanthoxylum avicennae ( ) 268 Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata 273 Araliaceae Eleutherococcus trifoliatus 273 Araliaceae Polyscias guilfoylei 273 Araliaceae Schefflera heptaphylla 278 Apocynaceae Allamanda cathartica 278 Apocynaceae Allamanda schottii 278 Apocynaceae Catharanthus roseus 278 Apocynaceae divaricata 278 Apocynaceae Thevetia peruviana 279 Asclepiadaceae Asclepias curassavica 282 Solanaceae Solanum nigrum 283 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pes-caprae 283 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea triloba 290 Boraginaceae Carmona microphylla 291 Verbenaceae Clerodendrum inerme 291 Verbenaceae Duranta erecta 291 Verbenaceae Lantana camara 291 Verbenaceae Premna serratifolia 291 Verbenaceae Stachytarpheta jamaicensis