2.1 PLANT TISSUE HALIMAHTUN SAEDIAH BT ABU BAKAR KOLEJ TEKNOLOGI TIMUR
|
|
- Jack George
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 2.1 PLANT TISSUE HALIMAHTUN SAEDIAH BT ABU BAKAR KOLEJ TEKNOLOGI TIMUR GENERAL Plant cell are differentiated possessing structural adaptations that make specific functions possible. Modifications of cell walls also play a role in plant cell differentiation. Major types of differentiated plant cells: 1. Parenchyma 2. Collenchyma 3. Sclerenchyma 4. water-conducting cells of the xylem 5. sugar-conducting cells of the phloem TYPES PLANTS TISSUES Dermal tissues: Epidermis and periderm Ground tissues: Basic Cell: Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma (Modified parenchyma) Vascular tissues: phloem and xylem DERMAL TISSUES The dermal tissue is the outer covering. Guard cells: a. To facilitate gas exchange between the inner parts of leaves, stems, and fruits, plants have a series of openings known as stomata (singular stoma). b. These openings would allow gas exchange, but at a cost of water loss. c. Guard cell are bean-shaped cells covering the stomata opening. They regulate exchange of water vapor, oxygen and carbon dioxide through the stoma STOMATA In non woody plants: It is a single layer of tightly packed cells, or epidermis that covers and protects all young parts of the plant. The epidermis has other specialized characteristics consistent with the function of the organ it covers. For example: The root hairs are extensions of epidermal cells near the tips of the roots. The epidermis of leaves and most stems secretes a waxy coating, the cuticle, which helps the aerial parts of the plant retain water. 1
2 In woody plants: Protective tissues periderm replaces the epidermis in older regions of stems and roots. GROUND TISSUES Parenchyma 1. Mature parenchyma cells have primary walls that are relatively thin and flexible, and most lack secondary walls. 2. The protoplast of a parenchyma cell usually has a large central vacuole. 3. Parenchyma cells typical plant cells because they generally are the least specialized, but there are exceptions. For example: the highly specialized sievetube members of the phloem are parenchyma cells. GROUND TISSUES Parenchyma LEAF STRUCTURE 4. Parenchyma cells perform most of the metabolic functions of the plant, synthesizing and storing various organic products. 5. For example: photosynthesis occurs within the chloroplasts of parenchyma cells in the leaf. Some parenchyma cells in the stems and roots have colorless plastids that store starch. The fleshy tissue of most fruit is composed of parenchyma cells. Most parenchyma cells retain the ability to divide and differentiate into other cell types under special conditions, such as the repair and replacement of organs after injury to the plant. Characteristic: large, thin-walled, and usually have a large central vacuole In areas not exposed to light, colorless plastids predominate and food storage is the main function. The cells of the white potato are parenchyma cells. Where light is present, e.g., in leaves, chloroplasts predominate and photosynthesis is the main function. 2
3 Palisade parenchyma cells are elogated cells located in many leaves just below the epidermal tissue. Palisade mesophyll: Column-shaped cells found below the upper epidermis. The cells contain many chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis. Spongy mesophyll cells occur below the one or two layers of palisade cells Isodiametric or irregular-shaped cells. They are loosely packed with many large intercellular spaces for gaseous exchange. They have fewer chloroplasts than palisade cells to carry out photosynthesis. Endodermis: Consists of a single-celled ring which forms a selective barrier between the outer contex and the inner pericycle tissue. In roots, the endordermis cells are impregnated with to form a distinctive Casparian strip and prevent the movement of water via the apoplast pathway. Non-suberised passage cells in the endordermis permit lateral movement of water and mineral salts. The endordermis cells contain starch granules as energy store. Mineral ions are actively secreted into the xylem vessels to maintain the root pressure. Pericycle One to several layers of parenchyma cells. Pericycle is found between the endordermis and the central vascular tissues. It can divide to produce the lateral roots and is involved in the secondary growth of roots. Collenchyma Cells Have thicker primary walls than parenchyma cells, though the walls are unevenly thickened. Grouped into strands or cylinders, collenchyma cells help support young parts of the plant shoot. Young stems often have strands of collenchyma just below the epidermis, providing support without restraining growth. Mature collenchyma cells are living and flexible and elongate with the stems and leaves they support. 3
4 Sclerenchyma Cells Have thick secondary walls usually strengthened by lignin and function as supporting elements of the plant. They are much more rigid than collenchyma cells. Unlike parenchyma cells, they cannot elongate. Sclerenchyma cells occur in plant regions that have stopped lengthening. Many sclerenchyma cells are dead at functional maturity, but they produce rigid secondary cells walls before the protoplast dies. In parts of the plant that are still elongating, secondary walls are deposited in a spiral or ring pattern, enabling the cell wall to stretch like a spring as the cell grows. Two types of sclerenchyma cells, fibers and sclereids, are specialized entirely for support. Fibers are long, slender, and tapered, and usually occur in groups. Those from hemp fibers are used for making rope, and those from flax are woven into linen. Sclereids are irregular in shape and are shorter than fibers. They have very thick, lignified secondary walls. Sclereids impart hardness to nutshells and seed coats and the gritty texture to pear fruits. VASCULAR TISSUE INTRODUCTION The vascular tissue of a root or stem is called the stele In angiosperm, the vascular tissue of the root forms a solid central vascular cylinder, while stems and leaves have vascular bundles, strands consisting of xylem and phloem. 4
5 INTRODUCTION TO XYLEM Continuous throughout the plant, is involved in the transport of materials between roots and shoots. Xylem conveys water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into the shoots. INTRODUCTION TO XYLEM Four types of cells: 1. Vessels 2. Tracheids 3. Fibres 4. Xylem parenchyma INTRODUCTION TO PHLOEM Phloem transports food made in mature leaves to the roots; to non photosynthetic parts of the shoot system; and to sites of growth, such as developing leaves and fruits. Xylem: The water conducting elements of xylem, the tracheids and vessel elements, are elongated cells that are dead at functional maturity. The thickened cell walls remain as a non living conduit trough which water can flow. Both tracheids and vessels have secondary walls interrupted by pits, thinner regions where only primary walls are present. Xylem: Tracheids are long, thin cells with tapered ends. Water moves from cell to cell mainly through pits. Because their secondary walls are hardened with lignin, tracheids function in support as well as transport. Vessel elements are generally wider, shorter, thinner walled, and less tapered than tracheids. Vessel elements are aligned end to end, forming long micropipes or xylem vessels. The ends are perforated, enabling water to flow freely. Xylem vessels: These are only found in the xylem tissue of flowering plants. Most water travels in the xylem vessels. Xylem vessels are formed from a column of tubular cells. The end cross-walls break down so that the cells (xylem elements) combine to form a continuous long tube. 5
6 Xylem vessels: The walls of these tubes become strengthened by the deposition of lignin. The lignified walls are impermeable to water, solutes and gases. Xylem vessels are composed of dead cells. There is no protoplasm in the xylem vessels and hence more water can flow through the hollow continuous tube with less friction. Tracheids The xylem of ferns and conifers contains only tracheids. The xylem of angiosperms contains more vessels and less tracheids. Tracheids are generally longer but more narrow than vessel elements. They are elongated spindle-shaped single cells with tapering end walls. The tapered ends of the tracheids overlap and interlock with one another further increasing their combined strength. The cell walls are lignified. When mature, tracheids are dead cells with empty lumens. Pits are present in the walls to allow water to move from one tracheid to another and also to the surrounding living cells. Tracheids transport water and mineral ions but are less efficient than vessels. They do not have large perforated or open ends between the cells and water has to move through smaller pits. Xylem fibres: These are similar in structure to sclerenchyma fibres: They are dead cells with thickened lignified walls. They help to support the plant body and are not involved in water transport. 6
7 Xylem parenchyma: The xylem parenchymas are living cells. They act as packaging tissue in the primary xylem. In secondary xylem, the parenchyma cells form radial medullary rays which function in radial transport of food and water, gases and food storage. PHLOEM Phloem is a component of the vascular tissue. In angiosperm, phloem of sieve tubes element, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, fibres and sclereids. A sieve tube: Consist of sieve elements(sieve cells) joined together to Form a long tube. Their end walls are perforated forming sieve plates with sieve pores. This allows cytoplasmic connections between the sieve elements and the flow of liquid from one sieve element to the next. The cells are alive, with thin cellulose cell walls and protoplasm. As the cells mature some of the organelles for example, the nucleus, ribosomes and the Golgi apparatus degenerate. A sieve tube: This leaves a narrow layer of cytoplasm containing few small mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum at the periphery to facilitate smooth flow of soluble food. In some plants the sieve tube elements also contain fibrous phloem proteins. Companion cells: Companion cells are found only in the angiosperm. They are adjacent and closely associated with the sieve tube elements. Companions cells have a nucleus, dense cytoplasm with small vacuoles. They are metabolically active and have numerous mitochondria and ribosomes. The companion cells are linked by numerous plasmodesmata to sieve elements. Companion cells move sugars such as sucrose and amino acids into the sieve elements. 7
8 Phloem fibres and sclereids: They occur occasionally in the primary phloem but are more common in the secondary phloem of dicotyledons. They help to support other phloem cells when the plant is growing. Phloem parenchyma: Phloem parenchyma is only found in dicotyledonous plants. They act packaging tissue in the primary phloem. In secondary phloem, the cells for radial medullary rays. Phloem parenchyma: Function of phloem: Translocation of organic products of photosynthesis. Sugars and amino acids for example, are translocated from the leaves ( source ) to other parts ( sinks ) of the plant such as the meristem and roots where are utilised or stored. Phloem parenchyma: The companion cells are closely associated with the sieve elements, actively move substances such as sugars and amino acids into the sieve elements. EUDICOT & MONOCOT SYSTEM In eudicot stems, ground tissue is divided into pith, internal to vascular tissue, and cortex, external to the vascular tissue. The function of ground tissue includes photosynthesis, storage, and support. For example, the cortex of a eudicot stem typically consists of both fleshy storage cells and thick-walled support cells. A eudicot stem. eudicot stem (sunflower), with vascular bundles forming a ring. Ground tissue toward the inside is called pith, and ground tissue toward the outside is called cortex. A monocot stem. A monocot stem (maize) with vascular bundles scattered troughout the ground tissue. In such an arrangement, ground tissue is not partitioned into pith andcortex. SUMMARY OF PLANT TISSUES: Cell type Distribution Cell shape and structure. Parenchyma Cortex, pith, ground tissue in xylem and phloem. Living cells. Usually isodiametric, sometimes elongated. Thin cell wall contains cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Large central vacuole, thin layer of cytoplasm and nucleus push to the periphery. Function Ground tissue in stems and roots. Turgid cells give support especially to herbaceous. Metabolically active. Stores food. Permits transport of food through apoplast or symplast pathways. Large intercellular spaces gaseous exchanges. Some parenchyma cells are modified to form specialized cells e.g. epidermis, mesophyll, endodermis and pericycle. 8
9 SUMMARY OF PLANT TISSUES: Cell type Distribution Cell shape and structure. Collenchyma Below epidermis, midribs of leaves, leaf petioles. Sclerenchyma Below epidermis xylem and phloem, pericycle of some stems. Living cells. Polygonal, elongated with tapering ends. Uneven thickenings of cell walls, usually at the corners of cell walls with deposits of cellulose, pectin and hemicellulose. Dead cells. Lignified walls. Polygonal, elongated with overlapping and interlocking tapering ends. Function Gives mechanical support, flexibility. Some cells contains chloroplast that carry out photosynthesis. Supporting tissue. SUMMARY OF PLANT TISSUES: Cell type Distribution Cell shape and structure. Xylem vessels and tracheids Phloem sieve tubes and companion cells. Vascular tissue Dead cells. Lignified walls. Xylem vessels are continuous hollow tubes. Tracheids are elongated cells with tapering ends. Function To transport water and mineral salts. Supporting tissue. Vascular tissue Sieve tubes are To translocate organic elongated and products of tubular, consisting of photosynthesis. phloem elements Companion cells closely Companion cells are associated with sieve smaller, with dense tubes. cytoplasm. THE END 9
2.5 : Cells are grouped into tissue
2.5 : Cells are grouped into tissue 1 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Structures & functions: Cell membrane and organelles Animal Cells are grouped into tissue Plant Cell
More informationTopic 2: Plant Structure & Growth Ch. 35 Angiosperms are the most complex plants. They are composed of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems.
Topic 2: Plant Structure & Growth Ch. 35 Angiosperms are the most complex plants. They are composed of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. Fig. 35.8 Plant Cells pp.798-802 Types of plant cells Include:
More informationNon Permanent Tissues - Meristematic Tissue
PLANT TISSUES Non Permanent Tissues - Meristematic Tissue Undifferentiated plant cells that are continually dividing by mitosis Large thin walled cells No vacuole Dense cytoplasm Large nucleus Found at
More informationPlant Anatomy: roots, stems and leaves
Plant Anatomy: roots, stems and leaves The plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues and cells Plants, like animals, have organs composed of different tissues, which are composed of cells. Tissue is
More informationPlant Anatomy: roots, stems and leaves
Plant Anatomy: roots, stems and leaves The plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues and cells Plants, like animals, have organs composed of different tissues, which are composed of cells. Tissue is
More informationToday: Plant Structure Exam II is on F March 31
Next few lectures are on plant form and function Today: Plant Structure Exam II is on F March 31 Outline Plant structure I. Plant Cells structure & different types II. Types of meristems Apical meristems:
More informationPlant Tissues and Organs. Topic 13 Plant Science Subtopics , ,
Plant Tissues and Organs Topic 13 Plant Science Subtopics 13.1.2, 13.1.3, 13.1.4 Objectives: List and describe the major plant organs their structure and function List and describe the major types of plant
More informationOverview of Plant Tissues
Plant Tissue Growth Key Concepts Overview of Plant Tissues Seed-bearing vascular plants have a shoot system with stems, leaves, and reproductive parts Most also have a root system These systems consist
More informationPlants. Plant Form and Function. Tissue Systems 6/4/2012. Chapter 17. Herbaceous (nonwoody) Woody. Flowering plants can be divided into two groups:
Monocots Dicots 6/4/2012 Plants Plant Form and Function Chapter 17 Herbaceous (nonwoody) In temperate climates, aerial parts die back Woody In temperate climates, aerial parts persist The Plant Body Functions
More informationDownloaded from
POINTS TO REMEMBER : 6. Anatomy of Flowering Plants Study of internal structure of plant is called anatomy. In plants cells are the basic unit. Cells organized into tissues and tissues organized into organs.
More informationAnatomy of Flowering Plants. K C Meena PGT Biology
Anatomy of Flowering Plants K C Meena PGT Biology Tissues A group of similar cells performing same function. Types of plant tissues - Meristematic tissues and permanent tissues. Meristematic tissues Have
More informationUNIT 6 - STRUCTURES OF FLOWERING PLANTS & THEIR FUNCTIONS
6.1 Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells with common function, structures or both. In plants we can find 2 types of tissues: Meristem Permanent tissues Meristem is found in regions with continuous
More informationPlant Structure and Growth
Plant Structure and Growth A. Flowering Plant Parts: The flowering plants or are the most diverse group of plants. They are divided into 2 classes and. Examples of monocots: Examples of dicots: The morphology
More informationPLANT TISSUES 12 MARCH 2014
PLANT TISSUES 12 MARCH 2014 Lesson Description In this lesson we: Identify the different types of plant tissue Be able to relate the different structures with the different functions Plant Tissue Summary
More informationChapter 35~ Plant Structure and Growth
Chapter 35~ Plant Structure and Growth Plant Organization Plant morphology is based on plant s evolutionary history Need to draw in nutrients from the ground and the air Plant Organs Root system = roots
More informationPlants. Tissues, Organs, and Systems
Plants Tissues, Organs, and Systems Meristematic cells Specialized cells that are responsible for producing specialized cells, they produce three types of tissue in the body of a plant. Meristematic Cells
More informationPlant Structure and Function (Ch. 23)
Plant Structure and Function (Ch. 23) Basic plant anatomy 1 root root tip root hairs Roots Roots anchor plant in soil, absorb minerals & water, & store food fibrous roots (1) mat of thin roots that spread
More informationChapter 29: Plant Tissues
Chapter 29: Plant Tissues Shoots and Roots Shoots (Leaves and Stem) Produce food by photosynthesis Carry out reproductive functions Roots Anchor the plant Penetrate the soil and absorb water and dissolved
More informationQuestion 1: State the location and function of different types of meristem. Meristems are specialised regions of plant growth. The meristems mark the regions where active cell division and rapid division
More informationAP Biology. Basic anatomy. Chapter 35. Plant Anatomy. Shoots. Expanded anatomy. Roots. Modified shoots root shoot (stem) leaves
Chapter 35. Basic anatomy root shoot (stem) leaves Plant Anatomy Expanded anatomy root root tip root hairs shoot (stem) nodes internodes apical buds axillary buds flowers leaves veins Shoots Shoots consist
More informationDivision Ave. High School AP Biology
Monocots & dicots Angiosperm are divide into 2 classes dicots (eudicot) 2 cotyledons (seed leaves) leaves with network of veins woody plants, trees, shrubs, beans monocots 1 cotyledon leaves with parallel
More informationVisit For All NCERT solutions, CBSE sample papers, Question papers, Notes for Class 6 to 12. Chapter-6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
Chapter-6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS POINTS TO REMEMBER Anatomy : Anatomy is the study of internal structure of organisms. Plant anatomy includes organisation and structure of tissues. Tissue : A group
More informationThe three principal organs of seed plants are roots, stems, and leaves.
23 1 Specialized Tissues in Plants Seed Plant Structure The three principal organs of seed plants are roots, stems, and leaves. 1 of 34 23 1 Specialized Tissues in Plants Seed Plant Structure Roots: absorb
More informationPlant Anatomy AP Biology
Plant Anatomy 2006-2007 Basic plant anatomy 1 root root tip root hairs Roots 1 Roots anchor plant in soil, absorb minerals & water, & store food fibrous roots (1) mat of thin roots that spread out monocots
More informationChapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth
Chapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth What part of a plant is represented by each of these: Carrot Celery Red Pepper Tomato Lettuce Garbanzo Bean Angiosperm structure Three basic organs: Roots (root
More informationNOTES: CH 35 - Plant Structure & Growth
NOTES: CH 35 - Plant Structure & Growth In their evolutionary journey, plants adapted to the problems of a terrestrial existence as they moved from water to land ANGIOSPERMS (flowering plants) -most diverse
More informationClass XI Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants Biology
Class XI Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants Biology Question 1: State the location and function of different types of meristem. Meristems are specialised regions of plant growth. The meristems mark
More informationPlant Structure And Growth
Plant Structure And Growth The Plant Body is Composed of Cells and Tissues Tissue systems (Like Organs) made up of tissues Made up of cells Plant Tissue Systems Ground Tissue System Ø photosynthesis Ø
More informationThe plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues, and cells. Plants, like multicellular animals:
Chapter 28 The plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues, and cells Plants, like multicellular animals: o Have organs composed of different tissues, which are in turn composed of cells 3 basic organs:
More informationForms strands that conduct water, minerals, and organic compounds. Much of the inside of nonwoody parts of plants. Includes roots, stems, and leaves
Biology II Vascular plants have 3 tissue systems: Dermal Protective outer layer of plant Vascular Forms strands that conduct water, minerals, and organic compounds Ground Much of the inside of nonwoody
More information2/25/2013. o Plants take up water and minerals from below ground o Plants take up CO2 and light from above ground THREE BASIC PLANT ORGANS ROOTS
o Plants take up water and minerals from below ground o Plants take up CO2 and light from above ground THREE BASIC PLANT ORGANS o Roots o Stems o Leaves ROOTS o Anchor plant o Absorb water and minerals
More informationPlant Anatomy and Tissue Structures
Plant Anatomy and Tissue Structures The Two Major Plant Systems Reproductive shoot (flower) Terminal bud Node Internode Angiosperm plants have threse major organs: Roots Stems Leaves & Flowers Terminal
More informationBio Factsheet. Transport in Plants. Number 342
Number 342 Transport in Plants This Factsheet: Explains why plants need a transport system Describes what plants transport Describes the tissues which carry out transport Outlines the position of the xylem
More informationChapter 29. Table of Contents. Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues. Section 2 Roots. Section 3 Stems. Section 4 Leaves. Plant Structure and Function
Plant Structure and Function Table of Contents Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues Section 2 Roots Section 3 Stems Section 4 Leaves Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues Objectives Describe the three basic types
More informationChapter 23 Notes Roots Stems Leaves
Chapter 23 Notes Roots Stems Leaves I. Specialized tissue in plants - effective way to ensure the plant s survival A. Seed plant structure 1. Roots - a. Absorbs water and dissolves nutrients b. anchors
More informationII. SIMPLE TISSUES Bot 404--Fall A. Introduction to Tissues (DIAGRAM allow a full page)
II. SIMPLE TISSUES Bot 404--Fall 2004 A. Introduction to Tissues (DIAGRAM allow a full page) B. Definitions Adaxial = facing the axil; upper surface of leaf Abaxial = facing away from the axil; lower surface
More informationPlant Structure and Function
Plant Structure and Function A Meridian Biology AP Study Guide by John Ho and Tim Qi Plant Terms Growth: Growth Types Type Location Description Primary Primary Vertical growth (up-down), dominant direction
More informationOrgans and leaf structure
Organs and leaf structure Different types of tissues are arranged together to form organs. Structure: 2 parts (Petiole and Leaf Blade) Thin flat blade, large surface area Leaves contain all 3 types of
More informationHomework for Monday: Correct potometer questions Complete transport in plants worksheet
Transport in plants Homework for Monday: Correct potometer questions Complete transport in plants worksheet Transpiration the loss of water from a plant through evaporation Did you know? A 15m maple tree
More information23 1 Specialized Tissues in Plants Slide 1 of 34
23 1 Specialized Tissues in Plants 1 of 34 Seed Plant Structure The three principal organs of seed plants are roots, stems, and leaves. These organs perform functions such as the transport of nutrients,
More informationA group of cells with common origin is called a tissue. The cells of a tissue usually perform a common function.
Anatomy of Flowering Plants Tissues A group of cells with common origin is called a tissue. The cells of a tissue usually perform a common function. Types of Tissue: There are two main types of plant tissues,
More informationOCR (A) Biology A-level
OCR (A) Biology A-level Topic 3.3: Transport in plants Notes Plants require a transport system to ensure that all the cells of a plant receive a sufficient amount of nutrients. This is achieved through
More informationBiology 2 Chapter 21 Review
Biology 2 Chapter 21 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is not a tissue system of vascular plants? a. vascular
More informationRecap. Waxy layer which protects the plant & conserves water. Contains chloroplasts: Specialized for light absorption.
Recap Contains chloroplasts: Specialized for light absorption Waxy layer which protects the plant & conserves water mesophyll Layer contains air spaces: Specialized for gas exchange Vascular Tissue Exchange
More informationThe Vascular Plant Body
The Vascular Plant Body Like animals, plants are made up of specialized cells that are organized into tissues, which are themselves organized into systems of organs. The various parts of plants are adapted
More informationChapter. Transport in. Structure of. 1- Epidermis: 2- Cortex: All plants 2- a specialized. In higher moving by. hydra and. with cuticles) 1-2-
Chapter 2 Transport in living organisms The concept of transport and the need for it: All plants need CO 2, water and mineral salts to perform photosynthesis In primitive plants such as algae these materials
More information! Xylem - Chief conducting tissue for water and minerals absorbed by the roots.
+ Complex Tissues! Complex tissues are made up of two or more cell types.! Xylem - Chief conducting tissue for water and minerals absorbed by the roots.! Vessels - Made of vessel elements.! Long tubes
More informationPlant Structure. Objectives At the end of this sub section students should be able to:
Name: 3.2 Organisation and the Vascular Structures 3.2.1 Flowering plant structure and root structure Objectives At the end of this sub section students should be able to: 1. Label a diagram of the external
More informationHonors Biology I Ch 29 Plant Structure & Function
3 Basic types of plant cells Honors Biology I Ch 29 Plant Structure & Function 1) Parenchyma cells- loosely packed or cells with a and thin, Involved in metabolic functions 2) Collenchyma cells- thicker
More informationTransport of substances in plants
Transport of substances in plants We have already looked at why many organisms need transport systems with special reference to surface area and volume. The larger the volume : surface area ratio, the
More informationLecture 4 Root Put line under your answer! There is only one correct answer in the multiple choice questions
Lecture 4 Root Put line under your answer! There is only one correct answer in the multiple choice questions 1. The perception of gravity by a root is thought to take place in a) root hairs b) the region
More informationThe Science of Plants in Agriculture Pl.Sci 102. Getting to Know Plants
The Science of Plants in Agriculture Pl.Sci 102 Getting to Know Plants Growth and Development of Plants Growth and Development of Plants Why it s important to have knowledge about plant development. What
More informationChapter 6. Biology of Flowering Plants. Anatomy Seedlings, Meristems, Stems, and Roots
BOT 3015L (Outlaw/Sherdan/Aghoram); Page 1 of 6 Chapter 6 Biology of Flowering Plants Anatomy Seedlings, Meristems, Stems, and Roots Objectives Seedling germination and anatomy. Understand meristem structure
More informationFrom smallest to largest plants
Plant anatomy From smallest to largest plants What is plant anatomy? ANATOMY: study of the structure of organisms looking at cells, tissues How can water move from the ground all the way to the top of
More informationPage 1. Gross Anatomy of a typical plant (Angiosperm = Flowering Plant): Gross Anatomy of a typical plant (Angiosperm = Flowering Plant):
Chapter 43: Plant Form and Function Gross Anatomy of a typical plant (Angiosperm = Flowering Plant): Root System Anchor plant Absorb water / nutrients Store surplus sugars Transport materials from / to
More informationTwo major categories. BIOLOGY 189 Fundamentals of Life Sciences. Spring 2004 Plant Structure and Function. Plant Structure and Function
BIOLOGY 189 Fundamentals of Life Sciences Spring 2004 Plant Structure and Function 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 Examination #1 Class Average: 33/60 for 55% 4 Chapters 31-32 32 2 0 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
More informationChapter 21: Plant Structure & Function
Chapter 21: Plant Structure & Function Chapter 21: Plant Structure & Function All organisms must: Take in certain materials, e.g. O 2, food, drink Eliminate other materials, e.g. CO 2, waste products Chapter
More informationANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS Finish Line & Beyond The Tissues The Tissue System Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants Secondary Growth THE TISSUES A tissue is a group of cells having a common
More informationIB Bio: Plant Biology. Topic 9
IB Bio: Plant Biology Topic 9 9.1: Transport in xylem How and why does water move up a plant? How do plants conserve water? 9.2: Transport in phloem How and why and where does food move in a plant? 9.3:
More informationChapter C3: Multicellular Organisms Plants
Chapter C3: Multicellular Organisms Plants Multicellular Organisms Multicellular organisms have specialized cells of many different types that allow them to grow to a larger size than single-celled organisms.
More informationCHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
84 BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS 6.1 The Tissues 6.2 The Tissue System 6.3 Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants 6.4 Secondary Growth You can very easily see the structural
More informationPHARMACOBOTANY LECTURE 5. PLANT TISSUES III.
PHARMACOBOTANY LECTURE 5. PLANT TISSUES III. VASCULAR TISSUES VASCULAR TISSUES Xylem transporting water and mineral substances from the root upwards to other plant organs Phloem carries photosynthetic
More informationCh. 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development
Ch. 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development Feb 3 12:31 PM 1 Essential Question: How is the structure of the plant related to its function? Feb 3 12:32 PM 2 Tissue = a group of cells with a common
More informationCHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
84 BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS 6.1 The Tissues 6.2 The Tissue System 6.3 Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants 6.4 Secondary Growth You can very easily see the structural
More informationTissues and organs PART 2
Tissues and organs PART 2 The structure and function of the mesophytic leaf (a plant organ) The mesopyhtic leaf (lives in a moderately moist environment) contains 7 layers of tissue: 1. Upper epidermis
More information(A) Buds (B) Lateral meristem (C) Apical meristem (D) Stem (E) Trichomes
AP Biology - Problem Drill 17: Plant Structure Question No. 1 of 10 1. What are hair-like outgrowths that protect and absorb nutrients? Question #01 (A) Buds (B) Lateral meristem (C) Apical meristem (D)
More information-Each asexual organs. -Anchors the plant -Absorbs water and minerals -Stores sugars and starches
Plants are made up of: -organs, tissues, and cells The three major plant organs are: -Roots, stems, and leaves -Each asexual organs Plants have a Root System beneath the ground that us a multicellular
More informationEssen%al knowledge standards
Essen%al knowledge standards 2.C.1: Organisms use feedback mechanisms to maintain their internal environments and respond to external environmental changes 2.C.2: Organisms respond to changes in their
More informationPlant Form and Function I
An overwiev of a flowering plant Main root Root Roots of most plants are covered with root hairs. Their function is to increase root surface area for more efficient absorption of water and nutrients from
More informationTHE TISSUES A tissue is a group of cells having a common origin and usually performing a common function. Tissues. Parenchyma
1 CHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS Study of internal structure of plants is called anatomy. Plants have cells as the basic unit, cells are organised into tissues and in turn the tissues are organised
More informationPlant Structure. Lab Exercise 24. Objectives. Introduction
Lab Exercise Plant Structure Objectives - Be able to identify plant organs and give their functions. - Learn distinguishing characteristics between monocot and dicot plants. - Understand the anatomy of
More informationPlant Organization. Learning Objectives. Angiosperm Tissues. Angiosperm Body Plan
Plant Organization Learning Objectives 1. List and give the major function of the three main types of plant tissues 2. Identify a monocot verses a eudicot plant by observing either root, stem, leaf, or
More informationAnatomy of dicotyledonous plants
Anatomy of dicotyledonous plants Differences between Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons All plants are classified as producing seeds or not producing seeds. Those that produce seeds are divided into flowering
More informationCrop Physiology. Plant/Crop Physiology. First
Plant/Crop Physiology Plant physiology is a sub-discipline of botany concerned with the functioning of plants. Includes the study of all the internal activities of plants those chemical and physical processes
More informationGinkgo leaf. Ginkgo is dioecious, separate sexes: male and female plants are separate. Monoecious plants have both male and female parts.
Ginkgo leaf Figure 22-30 Ginkgo tree. Ginkgo is dioecious, separate sexes: male and female plants are separate. Monoecious plants have both male and female parts. The vein pattern is dichotomous: Divided
More informationPlant Structure, Growth, and Development
Chapter 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions
More informationExercise 3: Plant Form and Function
Exercise 3: Plant Form and Function Goals Identify basic plant body structures. Recognize that the plant body has a hierarchical organizational structure, like animals. Identify different organ, tissue
More informationIntroduction. Most land animals, including humans, depend on plants directly or indirectly for sustenance.
Introduction With about 250,000 known species, the angiosperms are by far the most diverse and widespread group of land plants. As primary producers, flowering plants are at the base of the food web of
More information13.2 The Vascular Plant Body (textbook p )
13.2 The Vascular Plant Body (textbook p544 550) Learning Goal: Label and explain the anatomy of the Vascular Plant and it's Tissue Types Plants are classified into two main groups: and. Vascular plants
More information23 Structure of Flowering Plants
23 Structure of Flowering Plants Flowering plants first evolved around 125 million years ago. www.mrcbiology.com 1 23 Structure of Flowering Plants www.mrcbiology.com 2 24 Structure of Flowering Plants
More informationIntroduction to Plant Transport
Introduction to Plant Transport The algal ancestors of plants were completely immersed in water and dissolved minerals. The adaptation to land involved the differentiation of the plant body into roots,
More informationTransport in Plant (IGCSE Biology Syllabus )
Transport in Plant (IGCSE Biology Syllabus 2016-2018) Plants have transport systems to move food, water and minerals around. These systems use continuous tubes called xylem and phloem: - Xylem vessels
More informationBio 10 Lecture Notes 7: Plant Diversity, Structure and Function SRJC
Physiology study of the adaptations by which organisms function in their environ. 1.) Plants, Tissues and Function Plant types and their evolution Terrestrial plants evolved from aquatic green algae There
More informationCHAPTER TRANSPORT
CHAPTER 2 2.4 TRANSPORT Uptake of CO2 FOCUS: Uptake and transport of water and mineral salts Transport of organic substances Physical forces drive the transport of materials in plants over a range of distances
More informationQuestion 1: What are the factors affecting the rate of diffusion? Diffusion is the passive movement of substances from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion of
More informationHistology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Histology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features: a) The vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered
More informationChapter 36: Transport in Vascular Plants - Pathways for Survival
Chapter 36: Transport in Vascular Plants - Pathways for Survival For vascular plants, the evolutionary journey onto land involved differentiation into roots and shoots Vascular tissue transports nutrients
More informationChapter 36~ Transport in Plants
Chapter 36~ Transport in Plants Structural Features Used for Resource Acquistion Roots and stems to do transport of resources Diffusion, active transport, and bulk flow Work in vascular plants to transport
More informationPlant Structure and Function. Roots, Stems, and Leaves
Plant Structure and Function Roots, Stems, and Leaves What is a Plant? Plants are living things that have: roots, stems, and leaves (some have flowers) Plants are made of cells that have cell walls, a
More informationPLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Read pages Re-read and then complete the questions below.
PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Read pages 600-602. Re-read and then complete the questions below. 1. PLANT TISSUES - plant tissues are made up of 3 basic cell types: Parenchyma, Collenchyma or Sclerenchyma
More informationBOTANY LAB #1 MITOSIS AND PLANT TISSUES
Mitosis and cytokinesis in plants BOTANY LAB #1 MITOSIS AND PLANT TISSUES In plants the formation of new cells takes place in specialized regions of meristematic tissue. Meristematic tissues contain immature,
More informationREVISION: CELL DIVISION 20 MARCH 2013
REVISION: CELL DIVISION 20 MARCH 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson we revise: The Cell Theory and the parts of plant and animal cells The process of mitosis The structure and function of different
More informationTransport in Vascular Plants
Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero Vascular tissue Transports nutrients throughout a plant; such
More informationThe Shoot System: Primary Stem Structure - 1
The Shoot System: Primary Stem Structure - 1 Shoot System The shoot system comprises the leaves and stems of plants. Leaves are located at nodes on the stem; the distance along the stem between nodes is
More informationBIOL 305L Laboratory One
Please print Full name clearly: BIOL 305L Laboratory One General plant anatomy a great place to start! Introduction Botany is the science of plant life. Traditionally, the science included the study of
More informationStems and Transport in Vascular Plants. Herbaceous Stems. Herbaceous Dicot Stem 3/12/2012. Chapter 34. Basic Tissues in Herbaceous Stems.
Bud scale Terminal bud Stems and Transport in Plants One year's growth Terminal bud scale scars Axillary bud Leaf scar Node Internode Node Chapter 34 Lenticels Terminal bud scale scars Bundle scars A Woody
More informationNOTES: CH 36 - Transport in Plants
NOTES: CH 36 - Transport in Plants Recall that transport across the cell membrane of plant cells occurs by: -diffusion -facilitated diffusion -osmosis (diffusion of water) -active transport (done by transport
More informationTARGET STUDY MATERIAL
TARGET STUDY MATERIAL Plus-1 Botany VOL I TARGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION Target Educational institution is the one and only Entrance coaching and CBSE 10 th coaching centre at Mukkam with advanced technologies
More informationUNIT 5: Plants: Anatomy, Growth, and Function. Chapter 13: Plants: Uses, Form, and Function What is the structure and function of plant organs?
UNIT 5: Plants: Anatomy, Growth, and Function Chapter 13: Plants: Uses, Form, and Function What is the structure and function of plant organs? Chapter 14: Plants: Reproduction, Growth, and Sustainability
More informationin angiosperms 10/29/08 Roots take up water via roots Large surface area is needed Roots branch and have root hairs Cortex structure also helps uptake
in angiosperms A. Root System Roots take up water via roots Large surface area is needed Roots branch and have root hairs Cortex structure also helps uptake 1 B. Minerals Nitrogen (NO 3-,NH 4+ ) Potassium
More information