*********************Peer Reviewed Research Paper******************** Orchids of The Karbi Anglong District of Assam, India

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1 *********************Peer Reviewed Research Paper******************** Orchids of The Karbi Anglong District of Assam, India Khyanjeet Gogoi¹ and Rajendra Yonzone² Ed. Note: This is Part II of a paper in three parts. It is continued from MIOS Journ. 14(4): April, Part III will conclude this paper in MIOS Journ. 14(6) June, Eneumeration ACAMPE Lindl. About 10 species are distributed from tropical the Himalayan regions to Indochina, and SE Asia, tropical and subtropical Africa, Madagascar, and the islands of the West Indian Ocean. 6 species are in India, with 3 species in Assam and Karbi Anglong District. Acampe ochracea (Lindl.) Hochr., Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6: Epiphyte; inflorescences several; flowers slightly fragrant; sepals and petals yellowish green with reddish brown transverse stripes and spots; lip white, spotted with purple-red. Flowering: Nov. Dec. Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in open forests. Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt. & Mc Cann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 35: Acampe papillosa (Lindl.) Lindl., Fol. Orchid, 2, Epiphyte; flowers 1 cm across, yellow, slightly fragrant; sepals and petals yellow with reddish brown transverse stripes; lip white, slightly spotted with purplered. Flowering: Nov. Dec. Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk. Acampe rigida (Buch-Ham. ex J.E. Sm.) P.F. Hunt in Kew Bull. 24: ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 41, Epiphyte; flowers yellow with purplish brown transverse stripes; lip white, with purplish brown longitudinal stripes above. Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunks or large branches. ACANTHEPHIPPIUM Bl. Eleven species distributed in S and NE India and Bangladesh, throughout SE Asia, to S Japan, New Guinea, and the SW Pacific islands; 3 species in India, 2 in Assam and Karbi Anglong District district. Acanthephippium striatum Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Terrestrial; flowers creamy white with parallel red venation, tubular, cm across. 2 Habitat: Growing in shaded & humid places in dense forests, banks of streams. Acanthephippium sylhetense Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl Terrestrial; Inflorescence cm, fleshy; rachis densely 3 5-flowered; Flowers white or yellow with purplish brown spots, campanulate-tubular, mm. Flowering: April July. Habitat: Shaded and Damp places in dense forests. AERIDES Lour. About 20 species distributed in Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Indochina, and Malaysia to the Philippines and Indonesia; 10 species in India, 5 species in North East India and 3 species in Karbi Anglong District. Aerides multiflora Roxb., Pl. Corom. 3: 68, t ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 6:44, Epiphyte; flowers reddish or pinkish purple with darker spots, 2-2.5cm across. Flowering: May July. Habitat: Shaded and humid places in dense forests, banks of streams. Aerides odorata Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India, 6:47, Epiphyte; flowers white with purple blotches at the extremeties, cm across, fragrant. Flowering : May-June. Habitat: Epiphyte in lowland forest. Aerides rosea Lodd. ex. Lindl. & Paxt. Fl. Gard. 2: ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad Epiphyte; flowers fragrant, purplish-pink suffused with white, dark pink spotted, opening widely, about 2 cm across. Flowering: May. Habitat: Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest and humid evergreen forest. ANOECTOCHILUS Bl. About 40 species known from India and the E Himalayas, through S and SE Asia to Australia and the SW Pacific islands; 16 species in India, 3 species in Assam, 2 in Karbi Anglong District. Anoectochilus brevilabris Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orchid ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Anoectochilus sikkimensis King & Pantl., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 65: 124 (1896). Terrestrial; flowers pinkish, lip white, about 2.5 cm. long. Flowering: April June. Habitat: Terrestrial in dense humid evergreen forest. 3

2 Anoectochilus setaceus Bl., Bijdr.: Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. in J.F.Royle, III. Bot. Himal. Mts.: Terrestrial; flowers white or pinkish; lip white. Flowering: July- August. Habitat: Terrestrial in dense humid evergreen forest. ARACHNIS Bl. About 13 species distributed in the tropical Asia; 2 species in India, 1 in the Karbi Anglong District. Arachnis labrosa (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f., Bot. Centralbl. 28: ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 73 (1998). flowers many, laxly arranged, pale yellow with reddish brown spots or markings mostly along margins and at apex, 4 cm across. Flowering: Aug.-Sept. Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks along forest margins in cool and shady places. ASCOCENTRUM Schltr. ex J. J. Sm. About 5 species distributed in the Himalayas to Indonesia and the Philippines; 7 species in India, 1 in Karbi Anglong District. Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1: Epiphyte; inflorescences often 2 4, many flowered; flowers uniformly deep pinkish red, opening widely, cm in diameter. Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in broad-leaved evergreen forests. BIERMANNIA King & Pantl. About 9 species distributed in China, India, Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam; 2 species in India; 1 in Karbi Anglong District. Biermannia bimaculata (King & Pantl.) King & Pantl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 8: 200. t. 267; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad., 53, 1998; Mishra, Orch. India, 282, Epiphyte; flowers 2-3, distichous, cm across, white, sweet scented. Habitat: Epiphytic in dense humid evergreen forest. BRACHYCORYTHIS Lindl. About 33 species distributed in S and tropical Africa and Madagascar, with a few species extending to tropical and subtropical Asia; 1 species in Karbi Anglong District. Brachycorythis helferi (Rchb.f.) Summerh., Kew Bull. 10: 235 (1955). (Fig. 3) 4 Terrestrial; inflorescence 5-8 flowered; single flowers arising from leaf axil, purplish white. Flowering: June- July. Habitat: Forests, open places in grasslands. BULBOPHYLLUM Thouars About 1,900 species distributed in tropical areas of both Old and New Worlds; 100 species in India and Assam represents 24 species, 6 species in Karbi Anglong District. Bulbophyllum capillipes Par. & Reich. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 150, t. 32 a. 1847; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: (Fig. 4) Eiphytic; flowers yellow, with red tinged lines, about 1.5 cm across, solitary; lip violet- purple. Flowering: July - September. Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunks in open evergreen forest. Bulbophyllum careyanum (Hook. f.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Epiphyte; flowers purplish-brown, cm. long. Fig. 3. Brachycorythis helferi Rchb. f..) Summerh. (1955). Date taken: 21Jul-11 Fig. 4. Bulbophyllum capillipes Par. & Reich. f. (1890). Date taken: 28Nov-11 5

3 Flowering: October- December. Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunks in dense humid evergreen forest. Bulbophyllum crassipes Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: (Fig. 5) Epiphyte; raceme 2 7 cm, densely many flowered; Flowers yellowish brown. Flowering: Nov. - Dec. Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunks in evergreen broadleaved forests. Bulbophyllum delitescens Hance in Jour. Bot. 14: ; Scidenf. Not. Cirrhopetalum Lindl Epiphyte; flowers reddishbrown. Fig. 5. Bulbophyllum crassipes Hook. f.. (1890). Flowering: June-July. Date taken: 13Nov-11. Habitat: Epiphyte in dense humid evergreen forest near a waterfall Bulbophyllum roxburghii (Lindl.) Reich. f. in W.G.Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: Epiphyte; Inflorescence umbellate; flowers small, dirty brown or pale rosy, spotted with purple. Flowering: April July Habitat: Epiphytic in evergreen forest. CALANTHE R. Brown About 150 species distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, Australia, New Guinea, and the SW Pacific islands, as well as tropical Africa and Central and NW South America; 23 species in India, 9 in Assam, 2 species in Karbi Anglong District. Calanthe sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: Calanthe masuca (D. Don) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Terrestrial; flowers pale pinkish purple with purple lip sometimes flushed with orange. Flowering: August September. Habitat: Terrestrial in damp places on riversides. 6 The MIOS Journal 14(5): Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames, Philipp. J. Sci., C, 2: Terrestrial; flowers white, occasionally purplish red, later turning orange, turning black when dried. Flowering: May. Habitat: Terrestrial in evergreen broad-leaved forests. CLEISOCENTRON Bruhl 1 species in India, Assam and Karbi Anglong District. Cleisocentron pallens (Cathcart ex Lindl.) Pearce & Cribb, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58: Cleisocentron trichromum (Reichb. f.) Bruhl, Guid. Orch. Sikkim Epiphyte; flowers pinkish, cm across; sepals and petals pale-straw coloured, with a middle pink band. Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks evergreen forests. CLEISOSTOMA Bl. About 100 species distributed in Sri Lanka, India, mainland SE Asia, Malaysia, and Indonesia to the Philippines, New Guinea, Pacific islands, and Australia; 19 species in India among them 3 species grow in Karbi Anglong District. Cleisostoma appendiculatum (Lindl.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Jackson in Index Kew. 1: ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad Epiphyte; flowers 1.5 cm across, sepals and petals buff with purple longitudinal lines. Flowering: August- October. Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in evergreen forests. Cleisostoma filiforme (Lindl.) Garay in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 23(4): ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad Epiphyte; flowers about 1.3 cm across; sepals and petals yellowish green, with purplish brown stripes; lip white with purple-red midlobe, column yellow. Flowering: April- June. Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in evergreen forests. Cleisostoma subulatum Bl., Bijdr ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad Epiphyte; flowers about 1 cm across, sepals and petals yellow with intra marginal brown bands, lip white at the base. Flowering: May June. COELOGYNE Lindl. About 200 species distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia to Oceania, 43 species in India, 15 in Assam and 2 in Karbi Anglong District. 7

4 Coelogyne ovalis Lindl. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India, 5: 836, 1890; Pradhan, Indian Orchid-II, 266, 1979; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad., 234, 1998; Mishra, Orch. India, 289, Flowering: August- December. Coelogyne prolifera Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl Rhizome rigid; inflorescence hysteranthous, cm, 4 6-flowered; flowers green or yellowish green, 10 mm in diameter. Flowering: Jun- July. Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk or rocks in forests. CORYMBORKIS Thouars 1 species in India, Assam and Karbi Anglong District. Corymborkis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Bl., Coll. Orchid. Arch. Ind. 125, tt. 42 e & ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad Terrestrial; flowers white, fragrant, not widely spreading, cm long. Flowering: March May. Habitat: Terrestrial at shade and in dense humid evergreen forest with undergrowth of tall herbs. Fig. 6. Crepidium calophllum (Rchb.f.) Szlach. (1995). Date taken: 22Jul-11. CREPIDIUM Bl. About 280 species distributed in throughout the Asian tropics and subtropics, Australasia, and Indian Ocean islands, with a few species in temperate Asia; 10 species in India, 2 in Assam and Karbi Anglong District. Crepidium acuminatum (D.Don) Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Suppl. 3: Malaxis acuminata D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal Terrestrial; Flowers purplish red, 1.5 cm across Habitat: Terrestrial in dense humid evergreen forest on rocky terrain, also in the lowlands. Crepidium calophyllum (Rchb.f.) Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Suppl. 3: Malaxis calophylla (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: (Fig. 6) Plants terrestrial; many flowered; flowers pale yellowish green, lip with purplish red base. 8 Flowering time: July. Habitat: Humus-rich soils in dense forests. Distribution: NE India, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. CYMBIDIUM Sw. About 55 species distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, south to Papua New Guinea and Australia; 30 species in India, 12 in Assam and 4 species in Karbi Anglong District. Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. in Nova Acta Upsal. 2, 6: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: Epiphytic; flowers 4-5 cm across, slightly fragrant; sepals and petals pale yellow to cream-yellow, with a broad central maroon-brown stripe; lip cream-colored. Cymbidium bicolor Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: Epiphytic; flowers 3 4 cm across; sepals and petals yellow with a central purplish red longitudinal stripe; lip cream-yellow. Flowering: May June. Cymbidium cyperifolium Wall. ex Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: Flowers 4 5 cm across, greenish yellow, with longitudinal red-brown or purple lines in sepals and petals; lip yellowish green to pale yellow, with purple striations on lateral lobes and purple spots or patches on mid-lobe. Flowering: October January. Habitat: Under Tropical forests, in a shady place. Cymbidium dayanum Rechb. f. in Gard. Chron ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad., 256, Epiphytic; flowers 4 5 cm across; sepals and petals white, with a central maroon stripe; lip maroon, tinged white at its base. CYRTOSIA Bl. Five species distributed in tropical Asia to E Asia; three species in India, 2 in Assam and 1 in Karbi Anglong District. 9

5 Cyrtosia javanica Bl., Bijdr Galeola javanica (Bl.) Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3: (Fig. 7) Plants small, ca. 10 cm tall; flowers not fully opening, yellowish brown, fleshy. Flowering: May June. Habitat: Terrestrial in humid evergreen forest and bamboo forests. DENDROBIUM Sw. About 1,100 species distributed in India across to Japan, south to Malaysia and Indonesia, east to Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific islands; 102 species in India and nearly 20 species grow in Assam, 12 species grow in Karbi Anglong District. Dendrobium acinaciforme Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. Fig. 7. Cyrtosia javanica Bl. (1883). Date taken: 21Jul Epiphyte; flowers yellowish-white, about 1 cm long. Flowering: June August. Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) Fischer in Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Epiphyte; flowers, pale rose, cm across; lip yellow. Habitat: Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest or open forest. Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. ex Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 15: t Epiphyte, Flowers thickly textured, yellow, lip disk with a chestnut blotch on either side. Flowering: October-November. Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in dense forests, lithophytic on wet rocks in valleys. Dendrobium cumulatum Lindl. in Gard. Chron ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Epiphytic; flowers white with purple; lip white suffused with yellow. Flowering: March May. 10 Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in forest along small streams. Dendrobium fimbriautm Hook. f., Exot. Fl. t ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Epiphytic; flowers 4-5 cm across, sepals and petals golden yellow; lip golden yellow, with or without maroon blotch. Flowering: March May. Habitat: Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest, also in humid evergreen forest. Dendrobium formosum Roxb. ex Lindl. in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 34, t Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: (Fig. 8) Epiphytic; inflorescence 2-5 flowered; flowers white, 7-8 cm across; lip white with yellow blotches at middle. Flowering: May- July. Habitat: Epiphyte in tropical forest. Dendrobium fugax Rchb.f., Gard. Chron Flickingeria fugax (Reichb. f.) Seidenf. in Dansk Bot. Arkiv 34: Epiphyte; flowers white, 3-3.5cm across, fugacious. Flowering: March October. Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest. Dendrobium jenkinsii Wallich ex Lindl., Edwards s Bot. Reg. 25: ad t (Fig. 9) Fig. 8. Dendrobium formosum Roxb. ex Lindl. (1830). Date taken: 21Jul-11. Fig. 9. Dendrobium jenkinsii Wallich ex Lindl. (1830). Date taken: 23Mar-12. Epiphyte; Inflorescence lateral from pseudobulb, shorter than or nearly as long as stem, 1 3-flowered; flowers ca. 4 cm, uniformly yellow-orange. Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in open forests. 11

6 Dendrobium lituiflorum Lindl. in Gard. Chron ; Hook, Fl. Brit. India 5: Epiphytic; flowers 4-5 cm. across, pale purple inner surface of lip with a deep purple spot surrounded by a white circle. Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in open forests. Dendrobium moschatum (Buch-Hum.) Sw. in Schrad., Neu. Jour. Bot. 1: ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad Epiphytic; flower orange yellow, 5-7 cm across, deep yellow disk with a pale purplish brown blotch on either side. Flowering: April June. Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in open forests. Dendrobium nobile Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: ; Hooker Fl. Brit. India, 5, 740, Flowers 5-7cm. across, white merging with purple at apex, wavy in texture, lip purple at tip, at middle followed by deep purple central blotch, both surfaces densely pubescent. Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, also in the lowlands. Dendrobium transparens Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Chowdhry, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad Epiphytic; flowers 4-5 cm across; sepals and petals white linged with purple at tips, lip white with large purple patch on the disc. Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks at forest. DIENIA Lindl. About 19 species distributed in throughout the Asian tropics and subtropics and in Australia; 3 species in India 1 in Assam and Karbi Anglong District. Dienia ophrydis (J. Konig) Seidenf., Contr. Orchid Fl. Thailand 13: Malaxis latifolia J.E. Smith in Rees, Cyclop. 22, no Terrestrial; flowers pale purple, 1 cm across. Flowering: May June. Habitat: Terrestrial in open humid evergreen forest. ERIA Lindl. Eria (s.l.) comprises ca. 370 species widespread in tropical Asia and the whole of the Malay Archipelago, east to New Guinea and Bougainville Island; around 10 species in Assam, the Karbi Anglong District has 2 species. Eria lasiopetala (Willd.) Ormerod, Opera Bot. 124: Eria pubescens (Hook. f.) Lindl. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 3: Epiphytic, flowers yellow, tomentose, about 1.5 cm across. Flowering: March-April. Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest. Eria tomentosa (Konig) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad., 385, 1998; Mishra, Orch. India, 298, Flowering: September- November. Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest. Distribution: N.E. India, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. EULOPHIA R. Br. ex Lindl. About 200 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, most diverse in Africa, but also widespread from Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands to C and tropical Asia, the SW Pacific islands, and N and NW Australia; 32 species in India; 9 species in Assam; 2 in Karbi Anglong District. Eulophia graminea Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: Flowers medium-sized, to ca. 30 mm Fig. 10. Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb. f.) J. J. Sm(1905). Date taken: 23Jul-11. in diam.; sepals and petals olive-green with dark green venation, lip white with purplish red lamellae. Flowering: April- May. Habitat: Grassy places in open forests, open slopes, disturbed grasslands, forests along sandy beaches, coastal grasslands. Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb. f.) J. J. Sm., Orch. Java, (Fig. 10) Plants terrestrial, laxly more than 20-flowered; flowers sub-erect, spreading, or 13

7 nodding, dull purple-red to brownish yellow. Flowering: May- July. Habitat: Sparse forests, bamboo forests, grassy slopes. GASTROCHILUS D. Don. About 47 species distributed in from India and Sri Lanka to E Asia and south to Indonesia; about 12 species in India, 3 in Assam and 2 in Karbi Anglong District. Gastrochilus dasypogon (J.E. Sm.) O. Ktze., Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad Epiphyte; flowers yellow with brownish-purple spots, cm across. Flowering: October November. Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest. Gastrochilus inconspicuus (Hook.f.) O. Ktze., Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad Epiphyte; flowers white or yellowish-green, 0.5cm across. Flowering: June- July. Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest. GEODORUM Jacks. About ten species distributed in from tropical Asia, as far north as S Japan (Ryukyu Islands), to Australia and the SW Pacific islands; 1 species in India, Assam and Karbi Anglong District. Geodorum densiflorum (Lamk.) Schltr. in Fedde Report. Behi. 4: ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad Terrestrial; flowers white to pinkish, lip with a central yellow callus and crimson -purple venation and streaks. Habitat: Terrestrial in evergreen forest, also in grass land. GOODYERA R. Brown About 100 species distributed in S Africa, Asia, NE Australia, Europe, Madagascar, North America including Mexico, SW Pacific islands; 17 species in India, 4 in Assam, 2 species in Karbi Anglong District. Goodyera procera (Wallich ex Ker- Gawl.) Hook. f., Exot. Fl. 1, 3: t ; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: Terrestrial; flowers fragrant, opening weakly, white tinged pale green. Flowering: April June. Habitat: Terrestrial at the bank of a small stream and in evergreen forest, also on rock in a stream. Goodyera viridiflora (Bl.) Bl., Coll. Orchid.: Flowers opening widely, pale green tinged pale reddish brown, large; pedicel 14 and ovary pale reddish brown, cylindric-fusiform, mm, pubescent toward apex. Flowering: August- Sept. Habitat Forests, damp places along streams, in thin leaf litter on rocks. HABENARIA Willd. About 600 species distributed in worldwide, mainly in tropical and subtropical areas; about 66 species in India; 7 in Assam; 2 in Karbi Anglong District. Habenaria acuifera Wallich ex Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl (Fig. 11) Plants terrestrial, cm tall; raceme 8 20-flowered, 3 8 Fig. 11. Habenaria acuifera Wallich ex Lindl. (1830). cm; flowers yellow, small Date taken: 21Jul-11. Flowering time: Jun August. Habitat: Forests, thickets, grasslands. Habenaria furcifera Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl Plants to 50 cm tall; raceme densely many flowered, cm; flowers greenish, small, glabrous, small. Flowering time: Jun Sept. Habitat: Forests, thickets, grasslands. HETAERIA Bl. About 30 species distributed in tropical Africa and Asia, extending to New Guinea, NE Australia, and the Pacific islands; 6 species in India, 2 in Assam and 1 in Karbi Anglong District. Fig. 12. Hetaeria affinis (Griff.) Seidenf. & Ormerod. (2007). Date taken: 08Mar-12. Hetaeria affinis (Griff.) Seidenf. & Ormerod, Oasis, Suppl. 2: 9, 2001; Mishra, Orch. India, 304, (Fig. 12) Terrestrial; flowers opening slightly, 5-6 mm across, green, tipped with pink; lip white. 15

8 Flowering: April- May. Habitat: Terrestrial in secondary evergreen forest close to a small stream. LIPARIS Richard About 320 species distributed in well represented in tropical Asia, New Guinea, Australia, SW Pacific islands, and the subtropical and tropical Americas, with a single species in Europe and two in North America; 45 species in India, 9 in Assam and 3 in Karbi Anglong District. Liparis viridiflora (Bl.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid ; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Epiphytic; flowers greenish Fig. 13. Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. (1830). white or pale greenish yellow. Date taken: 22Jul-11. Flowering: April- May. Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest and mixed deciduous forest. Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl (Fig. 13) Plants terrestrial; rachis several flowered; flowers yellowish purple, small. Flowering time: Jun July. Habitat: Forests, shaded places in grasslands or soilcovered rocks. Liparis wightiana Thwaites Enum. Pl. Zeyl (Fig. 14) Plants terrestrial; rachis flowered; flowers greenish yellow, small. Flowering time: June July. Habitat: Forests, shaded places in grasslands or soilcovered rocks. Fig. 14. Liparis wightiana Thwaites. (1861). Date taken: 21Jul LUISIA Gaudichaud About 40 species distributed in Bhutan, China, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Guinea, Pacific islands, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand; 16 species in India, 5 in Assam, 2 in Karbi Anglong District. Luisia trichorrhiza (Hook.f.) Bl. Mus. Bot. 1: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: Epiphytic; flowers purplish green with faint purple lines, about 1.5cm across. Flowering: March May. Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, growing on exposed trees. Luisia tristis (G.Forst.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: Luisia zeylanica Lindl., Fol. Orchid. Luisia, Epiphytic; flowers greenish yellow, with purple base. Flowering: April- May. Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, growing on exposed trees. MICROPERA Lindl. About 15 species distributed in ranging from the Himalayas to SE Asia, New Guinea, Australia, and the Solomon Islands; 3 species in India, 3 in Assam and 3 in Karbi Anglong District. Fig. 15. Micropera pallida (Roxb.) Lindl. (1832). Date taken: 02May-11. Micropera mannii (Hook.f.) Tang & Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(1): ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad Epiphyte; flowers pale-pink, cm across. Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in evergreen tropical forest. Micropera pallida (Roxb.) Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t (Fig. 15) Epiphyte with a stout robust stem; inflorescence paniculate, many flowered; flowers yellowish, 1.2 cm across. Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in evergreen tropical forest. Micropera rostrata (Roxb.) Balakr. in Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 67: ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad

9 The MIOS Journal 14(5): Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist.. Epiphyte; Flowers pale-purple, cm across. Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in evergreen tropical forest. NERVILIA Commers. ex Gaud. About 65 species distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa, Madagascar, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula, across India, Nepal, and Bhutan to Japan, SE Asia, New Guinea, N Australia, and the SW Pacific islands; 14 species in India, 3 in Assam, 1 in Karbi Anglong District. Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: Nervilia discolor (Bl.) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: Terrestrial; sepals brownish yellow or purple with purplish red venation, petals brownish yellow or purple with purplish red venation, lip brownish tinged yellow at center and with purplish brown venation. Flowering time: May Jun. Habitat: Forests, shaded and damp places. OBERONIA Lindl. About 200 species distributed in centered in tropical S and SE Asia but extending to tropical Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, the Philippines, New Guinea, NE Australia, and the SW Pacific islands across to Tahiti; 50 species in India, 13 in Assam, 2 in Karbi Anglong District. Oberonia falconeri Hook. f., Hooker s Icon. Pl. 18: ad t Stem short; rachis cm, many flowered; Flowers whorled, white or green to greenish yellow. Flowering: August October. Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in forests. Oberonia mucronata (D. Don) Ormerod & Seidenf. in Seidenfaden, Contr. Orchid Fl. Thailand 13: ; Mishra, Orch. India Epiphytic; flowers yellowish. Flowering: September October. Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in evergreen tropical forest. PAPILIONANTHE Schltr. About 12 species distributed in China, India, SE Asia and the Malay Archipelago; 4 species in India, 2 in Assam, 1 in Karbi Anglong District. Papilionanthe teres (Roxb.) Schltr. in Orchis 9: 78: 1915; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad Epiphyte; flowers 5 10 cm across; sepals and petals white, tinged with pink or purplish; lip deep purple-red. Habitat: Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest, also on solitary roadside trees. PECTEILIS Raf. About five species distributed in E and SE Asia, Himalayas; 4 species in India, 2 in Assam and 1 in Karbi Anglong District. Pecteilis susannae (Lin.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: Orchis susannae Lin., Sp. Pl. 2: (Fig. 16) Plants robust, cm tall; tubers ovoid-cylindric, laxly 2 5-flowered; flowers fragrant, white, large. Flowering time: July Sept. Habitat: Forests, grassy slopes, damp places in valleys. PERISTYLUS Bl. About 70 species distributed in SE Asia to New Guinea, NE Australia, and the SW Pacific islands; 27 species in India, 4 in Assam and 1 in Karbi Anglong District. Peristylus constrictus (Lindl.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl Plants robust; inflorescence cm, densely many flowered; flowers pure white. Flowering: June- August. Habitat: Terrestrial, scrubby slopes in forests. Fig. 16. Pecteilis susannae (Lin.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. (1837). Date taken: 21Jul-11. PHAIUS Lour. About 40 species: tropical Africa, Madagascar, tropical and subtropical Asia to Oceania; 7 species in India, 4 in Assam, 1 in Karbi Anglong District. Phaius mishmensis (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f., Bonplandia (Hannover) 5: ; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 8: 109, t Flowers not widely opening, 5 6 cm in diam.; pedicel and ovary 2 3 cm, glabrous; sepals and petals pale pink to dark red or purple-brown. Flowering: November- January. Habitat: Terrestrial on the bank of a small stream in dense humid evergreen forest

10 Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L Herit.) Bl., Mus. Bot. Lugd.- Bat. 2: ; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad Terrestrial; flowers 7 12 cm across; sepals and petals whitish outside, reddish brown or brown inside; lip white toward base, pink or red-pink toward entrance with white stripes on inside. Flowering: Nov. - January. Habitat: Terrestrial, shaded and damp places in forests. PHALAENOPSIS Bl. About 45 species: from India to S China, Thailand, Indochina, Malaysia, and Indonesia to the Philippines and New Guinea, the majority in Indonesia and the Philippines; 7 species in India, 5 in Assam, 4 in Karbi Anglong District. Phalaenopsis deliciosa Rchb.f., Bonplandia (Hannover) 2: Kingidium deliciosum (Rchb. f.) Sweet in Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39: Epiphytic; flowers greenish yellow; lip purple spotted. Flowering: May July. Fig. 17. Phalaenopsis malipoensis Z.J. Liu et S.C. Chen. Date taken: 15Apr-12. Habitat: Epiphyte in gallery forest along a large river, in a shady spot in humid evergreen forest. Phalaenopsis malipoensis Z.J. Liu et S.C. Chen, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 27: ; Chen et al. Orchidaceae, Fl. China. 25: (Fig. 17) Epiphytic ; flowers fully open, almost 1.5 cm across, sepals and petals creamywhite, mid-lobe of lip with two chestnut-rusty vertical bands, column white. Flowering: April- May. Habitat: Epiphyte in forest along a river, in a shady spot in humid evergreen forest. Phalaenopsis mannii Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1871: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India, 6: 30, Epiphytic; flowers 3-4 cm across; sepals and petals yellow with dark brown spots and bars; lip mid-lobe white; column yellow. Flowering: March May. Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in evergreen forests. Ed. Note: End Part II. Part III to be concluded in MIOS Vol. 14(6) June, ****************************************************************** 20