Studies on Hungarian Lepiota Species. I. Rare Lepiota Species from the Hungarian Central Mountains*

Transcription

1 Studies on Hungarian Lepiota Species. I. Rare Lepiota Species from the Hungarian Central Mountains* By M. BABOS, Budapest Lepiota eyrei Massée Melanophyllum eyrei (Mass.) Sing.** Grown in the Mts. Bükk, on Mt. Samassa, in the plant association Fagetum silvaticae subcarpaticum caricetosum pilosae, 7 Sept ; then in the plant association Querceto-Potentillelum albae pannonicum melicetosum, 8 Sept : further in the Samassa valley, in Querceto-Carpinetum pannonicum, 9 Sept : 15 specimens in all. A rare species in Europe. Cap 1 1,5 cm ; dirty ochreous ; densely covered by easily abrasible pallid dirt-brownish, fine, granulate-mealy grains. Rapidly fugacious veil traces on margins of cap. Gills first pallid, then a vivid bluish green. Stem 2,5 3x0,1 cm, its surface resembling that of cap. Sporepowder pallid bluish green; of same tint even under magnification. Mewed from above, their shape is oval, but the central hollow of the longitudinal side well visible during movement ; measurements 4 5 X 2 2,6 Li. Cystidia absent. Grown on a thick litter, at the action of precipitous weather, in three different kinds of forest types. The fungi collected agree with literature data, with the exception of slight differences in spore sizes, given in the works of Lange and Pilât as 3,7 3,75 X 2,5 //. Lepiota grangei (Eyre) Lange In the territory of Hungary, this rare, green Lepiota species was successfully collected in one specimen in the alderwoods of the Samassa valley in the Mts. Bükk, 9 Sept Diameter of cap 3,2 cm ; expanding, with small hump centrally ; covered by green scales on white base, colour of its center identical with that of scales, smooth. Basic colour of cap later reddish-brown, scales darken to brown. Fibrils of cap of a double (brown and greenish) pigmentation. Gills whitish. Stem 4,5 X 0,5 cm ; ornamented by green pattern at its lower * The material collected by G. B o h u s and the author, and prepared by the modified Herpell method, is in the Herbarium of the Botanical Section of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. ** Designations according to the Singer nomenclature are also given.

2 two-third, to line of floccose veil traces. Flesh in stem light reddish-brown. Its smell a characteristical Lepiota smell. Spores hyaline, projectile-shaped, 9,8-12 X 4,5-5,2 ft. Cystidia, according to Lange and Pilât, 30 X 6 9, that is, 30 X 6 8 fx. No cystidia found in present material. Lepiota haematites Berk, et Br. Cystoderma haematites (Berk, et Br.) Kühner et Maire This fungus species, new for Hungary, grew in about 30 specimens in the Ilona valley of the Mts. Mátra, 6 Oct Its locality was different from literature data, to wit, growing in coniferous forests in mountainous areas (Bresadola, Konrad&Maublanc, Pilât). I have collected it in the plant association Querceto-Carpinetum pannonicum, on litter, 320 m. a. s. 1. It is an interesting fact that in this area of the Mts. Mátra, in a deciduous forest, several new flowering plant and moss species of mountainous coniferous woods were also found (verbal communication of T. P ó c s and L. Vajda). Cap diameter 0,8 3,5 cm; convex then expanding; rosy violet wine red; finely granulate floccose ; with small, floccose veil traces on margin. Gills creamy, later of a light rosy tint; adnate to stem or free. Stem 1,5 4 X 0,15-0,4 cm; a lighter rosy violet wine red than cap ; its base whitely lanuginose, higher up finely floccose-squamous. Fugacious ring consisting of floccose scales. Flesh violet-pink, with lighter, yellowish hue at base of stem. Spores hyaline, oval, 3,7 4,5 X 2,5 3,7 /./.. Cystidia absent. Lepiota haematosperma Boud. Melanophyllum echinatum (Roth ex Fr.) Sing. It is not an easy task to decide whether the right name of this fungus is L. echinata or L. haematosperma, since both L. echinata and L. haematosperma occur in the works of Fries, and both descriptions also partly fit the species, so, from the point of view of priority, the two names are equal in rank. Some authors, due to the more fitting designation, describe it also today as L. haematosperma, so B o u d i e r, whose good figure proves a correct interpretation of the species. Q u é 1 e t describes, under the name L. haematosperma, another fungus ; his species figuring as L. echinata is identical with the haematosperma of B o u d i e r. This fungus species, occurring rarely in Europe with the exception of England, was first found in one specimen in the plant association Querceto- Carpinetum pannonicum on the Mt. Samassa in the Mts. Bükk, 8 Sept Description of the species : Cap 1,3 cm ; basic color grey yet wholly covered by very easily abrasible, dirt-brownish, mealy granules. Rapidly fugacious veil traces on margins. Gills purple red, later browning. Stem 2,5 X 0,2 cm. Surface similar to cap. Flesh red. Sporepowder brown ; spores light brown under magnification, oval, 4,3-6x3 3,7 {i. Cystidia absent. The spores of this species are, according to Lange, Pilât and B o u d i e r, hyaline, of a light brown hue. The spores of the collected specimen were expressedly light brown. Lepiota hispida Lasch auct. mult. Kon r ad & Mau blanc draws under the species L. carinii Bres., described in 1929, as synonyms the following ones ; L. echinella Quel, sensu

3 Lange, echinacea Lange, and hispida auct. mult. 5 probably on the consideration that the name hispida was not always unequivocally used during the lapse of time (E. g., the hispida of Ricken is not hispida). In the same work of Bresadola, in which he published the description of L. carinii, the species L. hispida Lasch is also mentioned, showing agreements with L. carinii also in microscopical characters. Several authors maintain the name L. hispida in a correct interpretation. The view of K o n r a d &Maublanc concerning the synonymies is right, since there is no essential differentiating character among these species of a smaller habit than Lepiota acutesquamosa, with cap, ornamented by spinose scales of broad bases. There is only one datum known from Hungary ; about 30 specimens grew on the wet ground of the alderwoods in the Samassa valley in the Mts. Bükk, 1 August Diameter of cap 1 4 cm ; hemispheroidal then expanding ; densely covered by deep brown, erect, spinose-scales on white base. Scales deciduous in patches from cap of some specimens, yet their place well visible as minute, round spots, same as on fruitbody of Lycoperdon gemmatum. Brown, floccose veil traces on margin of cap. Gills white, creamy on older specimens. Stem 1,6 4,5 X 0,1 0,3 cm ; brown ; veil covers it as brown fibrils. These fibrils disrupted on lower two-third of stem, declining. Flesh white. Spores hyaline, oval, 4 4,5x2,2 Cystidia absent. Lepiota irrorata Quel. Drosella irrorata (Quel.) Kühner et Maire Grown in numerous specimens in a shrubby site of mixed woods on the Mt. Csúcshegy of the Mts. Buda, 26 June 1956 ; then collected also later in several specimens at the same place, 27 July Previously, there was only one dubious datum known from Hungary. Diameter of cap 1,5 6,5 cm ; light ochreous, slightly viscid. Gills creamy. Stem 1,6 8x 0,4 0,8 cm ; whitish above, ochreous below. Ring disruptive, rapidly fugacious. Stem ornamented, below line of ring, by fine rusty yellow-rusty brown grains and scales. In wet weather, also shining rusty yellow-rusty brown drops visible. Flesh whitish ; smell somewhat resembling that of Lepiota cristata. Spores hyaline, oval, 4,5 5 X 2,2 3 ju. Cystidia club-shaped 22,5 31,5 X fi. Lepiota obscura Locquin n. c. (transitus L. griseovirens fourquignoni) The green greenish blue grey scaly, later brownish reddish brown discoloring capped Lepiota species are very uniform with regard to their external morphological characters. Romagnesi & Locquin distinguish the four species and one subspecies on the basis of their microscopical features, especially by the shape of the spores, as follows : Lepiota grangei (Eyre) Lange : spore projectile-shaped Lepiota griseovirens Maire : spore projectile-shaped Lepiota griseovirens ssp. obscura Locquin : spore partly projectile-shaped, partly oval Lepiota fourquignoni Quel, sensu Kd. et Mb. et al : spore oval Lepiota cretini Bat.: spore cylindrical, tapering to a tip

4 Of these species, L. grangei is very distinct by its big, projectile-shaped spores and the double (brown and green) pigmentation of the fibrils of the cap. The spore measurements of the three other species and one subspecies are more or less conforming, and their separation on the basis of the spore shapes is difficult, due to transitions among the species. The connections of these species may be illustrated by the following diagram : griseovirens Maire obscura Locquin n. c. ( tr. griseovirens-fourquignoni) fourquignoni Quel, sensu Kd. et Mb. et al. cretini Bat. If the assumption of Konrad&Maublanc, namely, that the species L. cretini is a synonym of L. fourquignoni, will become validated the above connection will take a linear shape. The above relation establishes so near a relationship that it will be necessary to relegate L, fourquignoni, placed up to now by some authors far from L. griseovirens into another section (Ovisporae), among the other green Lepiota species (L. grangei, griseovirens). Failing that, L. obscura standing between L. griseovirens and L. fourquignoni, should be transposed into both sections, that is, the one embracing projectile-shaped spores (Stenosporae), and the one containing oval spores (Ovisporae), since our present examinations found both projectile-shaped and oval spores in almost identical proportions within the same preparation. Indeed, the previous consideration of Barbier (1934) may again come to the fore, inasmuch species reductions within the Lepiota group of species discoloring from this special green hue to brown and reddish brown may also be brought about due to the very slight differences in the course of future investigations. There are two home data known of Lepiota obscura; one of them is based on the collectings of L. Szemére in 1952 from Pamuk (Com. Somogy). This fungus was, at that time, identified by C. Furrer Ziogas as Lepiota grangei, but it differs from that species by its small spore dimensions, nor could the double pigmentation of the fibrils of the cap be noticed. The other datum is our own. We have studied four specimens in their habitat in the alder woods in Kishuta in the Mts. Sátor, 16 Sept Diameter of cap 0,8 2,2 cm ; convex then expanding, somewhat humpy ; basic color whitish-greyish-rufous, closely covered by grey scales of a greenish tint. Locally, also scales reddish-brown, especially on older specimens. Gills dirt-whitish grey-whitish. Stem 1,3 4x 0,15 0,25 cm ; whitish above, ornamented below (up to floccose ring-like line) by pattern identical with colour of scales of cap. Spores hyaline, projectile-shaped and oval. A small appendix on some of oval spores. Their measurements : 7,2 8,2 (9) X 3 3,7 //. No cystidia found. In this regard, the are no data in the description of Pilât either.

5 Lepiota rufovelutina Vel. var. sanguinescens Pilât This characteristical, nigrescing Lepiota is identical with the variety described by P i 1 á t in 1955, collected twice around Prague, Czechoslovakia. The identification of fungi collected in the plant association Fageto-Ornetum on the Mt. Szarvashegy in the Mts. Buda, 15 and 29 Oct. 1955, and in a mixed forest on the Mt. Csúcshegy, Oct. 1955, were also done by Pilât. The material is in the Herbarium of the National Museum in Prague. Lepiota sistrata Fr. forma minima Lange n. c. In the past years, we have succeeded to collect the fungus Lepiota sistrata Fr. forma minima Lange, new for Hungary, on 14 occasions, in various deciduous forest associations, as follows : Fageto-Ornetum, Mt. Szarvashegv, Mts. Buda, 31 August, 1955 ; Querceto-Potentilletum albae pannonicum melicetosum, Mt. Samassa, Mts. Bükk ; 18 August 1955, 8 Sept ; Querceto-Luzuletum subcarpaticum, 18 July 1955 ; in other frondose plant associations, 20 August 1955, 7 Sept ; Querceto-Carpinetum pannonicum, 8 Sept. 1955, 6 Oct ; Querceto-Potentilletum albae pannonicum cladonietosum, 19 July 1955, on Mt. Balázshegy ; in deciduous woods, 1 July 1956, prope Stimetz-ház ; in frondose woods, 2 August 1957, Vöröskő valley ; in alderwoods in the Samassa valley, 6 August 1957, 10 August 1957 ; in Querceto-Luzuletum subcarpaticum fagetosum, on the Mt. Nagy Somhegy, in the Mts. Sátor, 17 Sept The species Lepiota sistrata is very rare in Hungary, but its above form is also rather rare, according to literature data, in the whole of Europe. This small fungus found in rather large amounts may be identified with the L. seminuda Fr. forma minima of Lange. The question, however, arises whether forma minima could be preserved, since the fungus published by Wakefield &D ennis under the name L. seminuda is also agreeing with the forma minima of Lange, only its measurements are bigger. On the other hand, if we accept the designation forma", it would be more advisable to accept the form described by Lange as a form of L. sistrata, since, according to the opinion of Konrád & Maublanc and Pearson, L. seminuda is a synonym of L. sistrata. The description of the fungus : Diameter of cap 0,4 1,2 cm ; white, with possibly a slight rosy tint centrally. Covered with white, mealy granules. On margin of young specimens, fugacious, white veil traces. Gills white. Stem very slender, breakable; 1,3 3,5x0,05 0,1 cm; white above, flesh-colored below. Spores hyaline, oval, 3 3,7 X 2 2,3 ju. Cystidia absent. Bibliography: Barbier, M.: Lepiota Fourquignoni Q. et L. ochraceo-cyanea Kühn. (Bull. Soc. Linn, de Lyon, 1934, p. 76). Boh us, G., Kalmár, Z. & TJ b r i z s y, G.; Magyarország kalaposgombáinak meghatározó kézikönyve (Budapest, 1951). Boudier, E.: Icônes mvcologicae (Paris, ). B r e s a d o 1 a, J.; Iconographia Mycologica L, XII. (Mediolani, 1927, 1929). Cretin, P.: Lepiota Cretini Bataille (Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr., 52, 1936, Atlas, Pl. 71 [2].) -Fries, E.: Systema Mycologicum (Lund, ). - Konrád, P.& Maublanc, A.; Icônes selectea Fungorum I., III. (Paris, ). Konrád,?. & M a u b 1 a n c, A.: Les Agaricales (Paris, 1948). Kühner, M. R.: Recherches sur le genre Lepiota (Bull. Soc Myc. Fr., 52, 1936, p ). L a n g e, J. E.: Flora Agaricina Danica I. (Copenhagen, ). Locquin, M.: Notes sur les Lépiotes I. (Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr., 60, 1944, p ). - Maire, R.: Diagnoses de Champignons inédits de l'afrique

6 du Nord (Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr., 44, 1928, p ). Pilât, A.: Agaricales (Praha, 1951). Pilât, A.: Hymenomycetes novi vel minus cogniti Cechoslovakiae III (Sbornik Národniho Musea v Praze, XI. B [2], 1955, p. 3 31). Q u é 1 e t, L.: Flore Mycologique de la France (Paris, 1888). Ricken, A.: Die Blätterpilze (Leipzig, ). Romagnes i, II. & Locquin, M.: Notes sur quelques espèces rares de Lepiota (Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr., 60, 1944, p ). Singer, R.: The Agaricales (Mushrooms) in Modem Taxonomy (Lilloa, Tucuman, 1949, p ). W a k e f i e 1 d, E. M. & D e n n i s, R. W. G.: Common British Fungi (Gauthorn, 1950).