Longest TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE observe from AGARTALA, TRIPURA. July 27-28, 2018
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1 Longest TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE observe from AGARTALA, TRIPURA July 27-28, 2018 Path of Longest Total Lunar Eclipse through Shadow of Earth Prepared By Shri Bipash Das Gupta, Scientific Officer M.P. Birla Institute of Fundamental Research M.P. Birla Planetarium, Kolkata
2 A Longest Total Lunar Eclipse July 27-28, 2018, Friday - Saturday. Total Lunar Eclipse is visible throughout India begins before mid-night of July 27, 2018 at 23h 54.2m to early hours of next day July 28, 2018 to 3h 49.3m. (Timings Expressed in Indian Standard Time (IST)) Region of Visibility : Earth as a whole the Total Lunar Eclipse will be visible from the region of Antarctica, Australa, Russia, except northernmost part, Middle-East, Asia, Africa, Scandinavia, Europe, Central and Eastern South America, South Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean. The places from where beginning of Total Lunar Eclipse (Umbral Phase) is visible at Moonset are New Zealand, South Pacific Ocean, north Pacific Ocean and eastern Russia. While ending of eclipse (Umbral Phase) is visible at Moonrise are Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and north Atlantic Ocean. Moon turns an orange-red colour, while total lunar eclipse is in progress which is the reason why lunar eclipses are sometimes referred to as a Blood Moon. This effect is caused by something called Rayleigh scattering. Same effect that causes sky to look blue in the day-time and red during sunrise or sunset. On a normal full Moon, the Moon is simply reflecting back light from Sun when it remains on opposite side of Earth from the Sun. At the time of lunar eclipse, Earth lies directly between Sun and Moon meaning the light should be totally blocked. However, some of this light from periphery area gets scattered and reflected around the atmosphere of Earth reaching Moon. As sunlight passes through atmosphere of Earth which contains dust grains, the green to violet portion of light spectrum is filtered out leaving primarily red light to reach Moon and reflect back to Earth. This is what causes reddish colour of Moon during a lunar eclipse. Earth as a Whole the Circumstances of Total Lunar Eclipse Night of July 27-28, 2018, Friday - Saturday Pheomena day h m Moon Enters Penumbral Shadow of Earth Moon Enters Umbral Shadow of Earth Eclipse Begins Moon Totaly in Umbral Shadow of Earth Totality Begins Moon Middle of Shadow of Earth Greatest Eclipse Moon Edge out of Umbral Shadow of Earth Totality Ends Moon Leaves Umbral Shadow of Earth Eclipse Ends Moon Leaves Penumbral Shadow of Earth Magnitude = :: Duration of Eclipse = 3h 55.1m :: Duration of Totality = 1h 43.5m Entry of Moon in Penumbral Phases are not considered as an eclipse in-ordinary sense, since the Moon is not covered by real shadow of Earth. In India the Moon will rise at different time with respect to geographical location but total lunar eclipse will be visible throughout India according to Indian Standard Time (IST)
3 Configuration of Moon in Celestial Sphere during July 2018 Phases of Moon Date h m Distance from Earth. (Approx.) Last Quarter a.u. New Moon a.u. First Quarter a.u. Full Moon a.u. July 28, 2018 Full Moon : Sulka Purnima (S15) ending moment 1h 50.3m Criteria Date h m Distance (Approx.) Perigee Nearest to Earth in Orbit July a.u. Apogee Farthest from Earth in Orbit July a.u. Perigee Nearest to Earth in Orbit Aug a.u. Timings are expressed in Indian Standard Time The appearance of Moon during Total Lunar Eclipse on July 27-28, 2018 will be normal. Moon will be close to Earth in orbit on July 13, 2018 and will move to farthest position from Earth on July 27, As such during total lunar eclipse this time distance between Earth and Moon remain more than that of previsions occasion. During Total Lunar Eclipses as the phenomena are in progress, the Moon will slowly turn from its familiar pearly white color to a reddish colour then back to its original colour after the end of eclipse. The shade of red can vary from eclipse to eclipse depending on factors including conditions in the upper atmosphere of Earth and the position of Moon along its orbit. If there have been any significant volcanic eruptions for example, this can cause eclipsed Moon to appear a much darker red than of other eclipses. It is hard to predict that how much red the eclipse will be on July 27-28, The Full-Moon will pass almost below Ecliptic the apparent path of Sun as viewed from Earth. Astronomical Diary for July 2018 July 6, IST Earth at Aphelion farthest position from Sun in orbit at a Distance of a.u. (approx.) July 20, IST Mercury at Aphelion farthest from Sun in Orbit July 27, IST Mars at Opposition with Sun July 31, IST Mars nearest to Earth at a distance of a.u. (approx) 1 Astronomical Unit (a.u.) = million kms
4 Agartala : Rising - Setting of Sun-Moon-Planets during July 27, 2018 Objects Rise Set Distance In Constellation Visibility h : m h : m a.u. (average) Sun 04:52 18: Cancer (Karkata) Day Light Moon 17:53 f05: Capricornus (Makara) Rises at Sunset and Sets next day at Sunrise Total Lunar Eclipse Mercury 06:24 19: Cancer (Karkata) Evening Western Sky within ½hr of Sunset Venus 08:14 20: Leo (Simha) Evening Western Sky after Sunset Mars 18:22 f04: Capricornus (Makara) Evening Eastern Sky after Sunset to next day Jupiter 12:16 23: Libra (Tula) Evening Sky after Sunset Saturn 16:01 f02: Sagittarius (Dhanus) Evening Sky after Sunset Timings are expressed In Indian Standard Time :: f = Next Day The celestial objects are seen appear to rise from the eastern horizon- move across the sky towards western horizon for setting due to rotation of Earth about its axis in the direction from west to east attains highest position in the sky while crossing Meridian the imaginary line of arc joining North Celestial Pole to South Celestial Pole passing through the Zenith (the overhead) of an observer on Earth. Total Lunar Eclipse During AD Date Greatest Eclipse Totality Mag Region of Visibility Eclipse(UT) Duration Duration 2011 Jun 15 20h 12.6m 3h 40.0m 1h 40.9m Australasia, Japan, Asia except northern, India, Africa, Europe, S. America except N-W Part 2011 Dec 10 14h 31.8m 3h 32.9m 0h 52.3m N. America except East, Northern Mexico, Hawaiian Islands Oceania, Asia, E.Africa, Europe 2014 Apr 15 07h 45.7m 3h35.4m 1h 18.6m Western Africa, Western Europe, America, Australasia, Eastern Asia 2014 Oct 08 10h 54.6m 3h 20.2m 0h 59.9m America, Australasia, Asia 2015 Apr 04 12h 00.2m 3h 29.7m 0h 12.3m W. North America, Oceania, Australasia, E. Asia 2015 Sep 28 02h 47.1m 3h 20.6m 1h 12.8m Western Asia, Africa, Europe, America excluding western Alaska 2018 Jan 31 13h 29.9m 3h 23.5m 1h 16.9m North America except eastern Part, Oceania, Russia, Asia, Middle East, eastern Europe 2018 Jul 27 20h21.7m 3h 55.1m 1h 43.5m Antarctica, Australasia, Russia except north, Asia, Africa, Europe, Central and S-E America 2019 Jan 21 05h 12.3m 3h 17.4m 1h 03.0m Middle East, Africa, Europe, America, Oceania, easternmost Russia 2021 May 26 11h 18.6m 3h 07.4m 0h 14.5m Eastern Asia, Australia, Pacific, America
5 Agartala Evening Sky Star Chart before Total Lunar Eclipse July 27-28, 2018, Friday Saturday Circle represents visible horizon MOON WILL BE IN Capricornus (Makara)) CONSTELLATION BELOW ECLIPTIC almost north of red-planet Mars Saturn will be seen towards west of the full-moon as well as of Mars Zodiacal Constellations during Total Lunar Eclipse, July 27-28, 2018 EAST HORIZON OVER-HEAD WEST HORIZON Aqyarius Capricornus Sagittarius Scorpious Libra Leo (Kumbha) (Makara) (Dhanus) (Vrischika) (Tula) (Simha) Moon/Mars Saturn Jupiter Venus
6
7 Physical Properties Criteria Earth Moon Perihelion Distance million kms Perigee 3,63,300 kms Aphelion Distance million kms Apogee 4,05,500 kms Orbital Period days days Rotation Period 24.0 hrs days Orbital Velocity km/sec Direction to Sun14.5/ hr Escape Velocity km/sec 2.4 km/sec Tilted Axis 23º 27' 1º.5 Orbital Inclination 23º.5 5º.145 Solar Days (sunrise - sunrise) 24.0 hrs - Escape Velocity 11.2 km/sec 2.38 km/sec Surface Temperature -89ºC to +58ºCº -247ºC to + 120ºC Atmosphere : Nitrogen 78.1% H % 4 H 25.8 % Oxygen 20.9% Ne 25.8 % Carbon dioxide - - Argon % Traces - gases 1.0 % H % 4 H 25.8 % The Moon has developed a synchronous rotation meaning the satellite spins once its axis with each orbit of Earth. As such One Hemisphere the near side always faces Earth while far side is forever turned away.
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Remember that for one of your observing projects you can go to a star party (stargazing). This is available at the Lawrence Hall of Science every 1st
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a. 0.1 AU b. 10 AU c light years d light years
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The. Astronomy is full of cycles. Like the day, the month, & the year In this section we will try to understand these cycles.
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