Technical Advisory Mission September 2013, Cook Islands Geospatial Database for the GeoDRM System Nitin Kumar Tripathi, PhD IDD Consultant, ESCAP Coordinator, Remote Sensing and GIS FoS, Asian Institute of Technology Thailand nitingeo77@gmail.com Content Geospatial Database for the GeoDRM System Introduction Overall framework Georeferencing Georeferenced Disaster Management System user interface
Geospatial Database for the GeoDRM System Introduction Once a Disaster Occurs Response & Recovery Satellite Data Real Time Information Need
Disaster Type Remote Sensing Data GIS Data Statistical/ Demographic Data Ancillary Data for modeling and early warning Drought Regional Mapping/ Monitoring: MODIS, NOAA District Level: Landsat, SPOT, IRS-1C, Resourcesat, Theos For Soil Moisture: Radar (ERS, JERS, RADARSAT) Weather Satellite: GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites), METEOSAT (METerologicalSATellite), GMS, INSAT Landuse/ Landcover/ Topographic: Rivers/ Streams, reservoirs, lakes, ponds, Soil Type, Contour Maps, DEM, Admin boundary, Roads, Railways, Airports/helipads, Seaports, Agriculture Climate: Humidity, Rainfall, Temperature, Evaporation, Soil moisture, reservoirs, Admin boundary, Population, Population density, Avg Family size, Sources of Food, Food transportation methods, Ecology, Crop parameter Plant water stress, Drought & Non Drought periods data at local scale, Water management plan 21/07/2014 5 21/07/2014 6
Disaster Type Remote Sensing Data GIS Data Statistical/ Demographic Data Ancillary Data for modeling and early warning District Level: Geologic: Landsat, SPOT, IRS-1C, Resourcesat, Theos Geology, Geostructural, Volcanic eruptions points, Landuse/ Landcover/ Topographic: Earthquake For large scale: High Resolution during earthquake or for damage assessment but NOT for monitoring Rivers/ Streams,reservoirs, lakes, ponds,soil Type, Contour Maps, DEM, Admin boundary, Roads, Railways, Airports/helipads, Seaports, Agriculture, Forest, Urban. Facilities:Shelter places (hospitals/ religious places, academic buildings etc),rescue points, Health facilities Population, House Types, No. of houses, Households, Avg Family size 21/07/2014 7 Disaster Type Remote Sensing Data GIS Data Statistical/ Demographic Data Ancillary Data for modeling and early warning Cyclone Regional Mapping/Monitoring: MODIS Meteorological / Weather Satellite: INSAT, GMS (Europe Geostationary Meteorological), GOES, MTSAT, HIMAWARI, Wind-Cloud 2,4,GOMS, COMS,PCW Cyclone Dataset, Admin boundary maps, Rivers, Evacuation centers, Hospital, Academic Buildings Transportation network Population, House Types, No. of houses, Households, Avg Family size Historical cyclone data 21/07/2014 8
Disaster Type Remote Sensing Data GIS Data Statistical/ Demographic Data Ancillary Data for modeling and early warning SPOT-5, ASTER, IRS- ID, Landuse/ Landcover/ Topographic: Population, House Types, No. of houses, Households, Avg Family size Rainfall, Landslide Aerial Photographs, High resolution Geoeye, Quickbird Rivers/ Streams,reservoirs, lakes, ponds, Soil Type, Contour Maps, DEM,Admin boundary, Roads, Railways, Airports/helipads, Seaports, Agriculture, Forest, Urban. Slope, Aspect,Flow direction Previous landslide hazard maps.lithology, Lineament, Settlement, Rescue points, Health facilities 21/07/2014 9 Geospatial Data - Issues Data Requirement: for frequent disasters Data Availability: Status of existing data in high disaster risk LDCs, LLDCs and PIDCs. Data Gap Assessment Compatibility: Is data compatible in GIS platform for information generation? Or it needs Georeferencing necessity Standards for georeferencing Data Warehousing: acquisition, storage and archival Data sharing: between line agencies/ departments 21/07/2014 10
Georeferenced Geographic Information Systems Information extracted by integrated analysis of varied spatial data in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Platform Main issues to create the Georeferencing System/ Platform: Need of Georeferencing System/ Platform System Frame work Several disaster prone countries such as Japan, China, India, Thailand etc. do have a georeferenced platform and very good capacity to handle the geospatial data in near real time. But, the problem come in the case of many LDCs, LLDCs, and PIDCs where most of them are victim to frequent disasters and at the same lack such systems. Components that need to be agreed Overall framework of the Georeferenced Disaster Management System Interface between system and data input personnel, decision makers, planners and people Hardware/ software requirement of the system 21/07/2014 11 Geospatial Data Freely Available Post disaster satellite data (Committed by China, India and Thailand through ESCAP mechanism) Stereo satellite data is also available from China and India at very fine resolution. Digital elevation model of 30m (SRTM) and ASTER DEM from Jaexa Climate Data (TRMM and several others) Forest Fire products (MODIS) Sea Surface Temperature (MODIS) Ocean current direction Bathymetric charts Landuse/ Landcover maps from Local Government or Non-Governmental organisations Hydrographic data from local organisations Statistical data from National Statistical Offices, CRED or Desinventor
Georeferencing - Definition Georeferencing defines the location of an object in three-dimensional physical space. That is, establishing its location in terms of standard map projections or coordinate systems. Georeferencing relates to both data model when establishing the relation between raster or vector images/ maps and coordinates but also when determining the spatial location of other geographical features. 14
15 16
17 Landsat TM, FCC541, RANONG How to georeference?
Spatial Adjustment of Vector Data
Image to Image Open both Images & mark reference point Zoom to other Image which need to correct Marked same point by visualization Importing Data from Sheets Linking with GIS layers
Table Join in GIS
Raster Overlay Operations
Online Maps and Data Availability, Analysis and Information for DRM
Georeferenced Disaster Management System user interface Anatomy of a MapServer Application
What Does Georeferencing Offer? It will convert and conform all the dataset to a common base map. This map should first be configured into a global standard projection system and coordinate system. The base map should be of required scale based on the application. In addition to a minimum level of georeferencing there can also be further standardization related to coding systems. These codes refer to the vector data and are based on GSDI (Global Spatial Database Infrastructure) guidelines. Each country can have its own standardized coding system of map objects and develop its NSDI (National Spatial Database Infrastructure) in line with GSDI. This will allow the geospatial database to be on same platform for ensuring seamless data integration while handling the trans-boundary projects.
Major Hardware/Software The system to create the Georeferenced data and information should consist of hardware/ software and normally comprise of: Hardware Computer Server linked to Internet with various line agencies Computer peripherals such as Data Archival/ Backup Devices Powerful Processor and Graphic Interphase Data output device for softcopy and hardcopy products Scanner Digitizer Reliable Power backup Software Opens Source GIS Software Professional GIS Software Operation and output of the georeferenced platform and system Map/ Satellite Data Acquisition Data Preprocessing/ Georeferencing Data Analysys Geospatial Information Products
Proposed Actions to establish the Georeferencing System/ Platform Disaster management needs the recent satellite images superimposed to find the disaster affected areas and plan a strategy to mitigate. Following steps are required to establish the platform/system to provide the Georeferenced information (maps/ satellite data) in near real time: Step 1: Establishment of the Hardware Platform Step 2: Establishment of the Software System to Georeference and conduct the integrated analysis using past and recent spatial data to create information products to support disaster risk reduction and mitigation. Step 3: Establishment of the Human Resource team This team has to support/ organize various tasks: a) Geo-ICT System Management (Data Management, System Management) b) Data acquisition and Georeferencing (Data ordering, data preprocessing and making the data ready for analysis) c) Geospatial Analyst ( To create geoinformation products based on analysis to support decision making) The outcome of the steps 1-3 will create a basic infrastructure system dedicated for supplying the spatial information for disaster management at national level.
System Manager Need of skilled workforce A computer engineer to manage the software and hardware, Internet and Intranet management to manage the database and ensure safety to maintain integrity of the database to make the database efficient synchronized for multiple users to facilitate data input and retrieval in the system to ensure the security of the system from unauthorized users Need of skilled workforce (contd.) GIS Technical Assistant for Database Geospatial data input Digitizing / scanning Tabular data linking with maps Geopreprocessing georeferencing with base map encoding the database Socio-economic data input and integration Meteorological Data integration Sensors/ gauge station data integration Developing and finalizing datalayers Preparing metadata
GIS Analyst Need of skilled workforce Analysis of data in near real-time To generate hazard map To map risk areas based on magnitude of hazard, exposure and vulnerability Tabular and map reporting Serving the data to user by hardcopy Serving the data to users by softcopy Serving the data to users by internet GIS 21/07/2014 40
Preventionweb http://prevetionweb.net 21/07/2014 41 reliefweb http://www.reliefweb.int/ 21/07/2014 42
DESINVENTOR http://online.desinventar.org/ 21/07/2014 43 ICIMOD http://geoportal.icimod.org/ 21/07/2014 44
21/07/2014 45 21/07/2014 46
21/07/2014 47 ESCAP-DRR Gateway http://www.drrgateway.net/ 21/07/2014 48
Preventionweb Information- reports/ maps/ meetings, Information exchange tools, Documentation on major projects associated with UN. ReliefWeb timely, reliable and relevant humanitarian information of crisis worldwide and analysis. scan the websites of international and non-governmental organizations, governments, research institutions and the media for news, reports, press releases, appeals, policy documents, analysis and maps related to humanitarian emergencies worldwide. RSS, e-mail, Twitter or Facebook). 21/07/2014 49 DESINVENTOR Database related to disasters of certain parts of few countries Database is manytimes not updated => need updating Map visualisation available of existing data ICIMOD The Mountain GeoPortal is a virtual platform for geo-information and knowledge resources of the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. The GeoPortal aims establishing a Himalayan Spatial Data Infrastructure (H- SDI) The H-SDI will work through a decentralised network of users and providers of information by forging partnerships with key national institutions in ICIMOD regional member countries and strategic alliances with relevant regional and global partners. 21/07/2014 50
DRRgateway Targeting the information and networking needs of national disaster management authorities and relevant ministries The Asia-Pacific Gateway for Disaster Risk Reduction and Development: 1. Improves access and aggregates relevant regional information 2. Provides analytical tools / opportunities for mainstreaming DRR 3. Provides a regional online network for information sharing 4. Encourages regional cooperation for mainstreaming DRR into socio-economic development planning Proposed Enhancement under the current Project: Georeferenced WebMap Portal as a common platform for ESCAP member countries with capability to: Visualise maps Query and Simple Analysis Create maps by overlay Create Table/ Charts 21/07/2014 51 Example of a WebMap Portal for Disaster Monitoring 21/07/2014 52
GISTDA http://flood.gistda.org/ 21/07/2014 53 21/07/2014 54
21/07/2014 55 What proposed geodrm will offer? Data input from various line agencies Data from different satellites Data georeferencing Query/ Retrieval/ Simple Analysis Near Realtime online Information Maps, Tables, Charts Interoperability of Data Data security and integrity