Nanotechnology An Introduction
Nanotechnology A new interdisciplinary field of science The study of systems at the nanoscale The use of tools at the nanoscale Building and applying structures that are constructed atom by atom 2
What is it? Simply: The ability to do things measure, see, predict and make on the scale of atoms and molecules. The length scale of nanotechnology is the nanometer. 1 nanometer = 10-9 meters is 1/100, 000 width of a human hair 3
Understanding Size How big (small) are we talking about? 4
Understanding Size 1 meter source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern. ch/microcosm 5
Understanding Size 10 centimeters source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/ microcosm 6
Understanding Size 1 centimeter source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.c h/microcosm 7
Understanding Size 100 Micrometers (µm) 1 mm source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm 8
Understanding Size 100 micrometers (µm) 0.1mm source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm 9
Understanding Size 10 micrometer (µm) 0.01 mm source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm 10
Understanding Size 1000 Nanometers 10 micrometer (µm) 0.001 mm source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm 11
Understanding Size 100 nanometers source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm 12
Understanding Size 10 nanometers source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm 13
Understanding Size 1 nanometer source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm 14
Size Matters Physical processes do not scale uniformly Gravity Friction Combustion Electrostatic Van der walls Brownian Quantum 15
Richard P. Feynman 16
A Nanotechnology Can Exist There s Plenty of Room at the Bottom December 29th 1959 Manipulating and controlling things on a small scale Write the Encyclopedia Brittanica on the head of a pin How do we write small? Information on a small scale Better electron microscopes The marvelous biological system Miniaturizing the computer Miniaturization by evaporation Problems of lubrication A hundred tiny hands Rearranging the atoms Atoms in a small world 17
Fullerenes 1985 (1996) Robert F. Curl Jr. Richard E. Smalley Sir Harold W. Kroto 18
IBM - 1985 19
Nanotechnology Has a long history Has a solid theoretical basis Has been looked at seriously for nearly 30 years So, what is it? 20
Nanotechnology Is Not a Single Industry Consumers will choose among products and services enhanced by nanotechnology from virtually all current industries. 21
Current Products on the Market Ceramics Paints and Coatings Catalysts UV protectant cosmetics Automotive component Materials for defense applications Optical components Anti-microbials Self-cleaning window glass Clay fillers Optical films for pc screens Textiles 22
Currently Marketed Value-Added Products Wrinkle- and stain-resistant fabrics courtesy of Nano-Tex, now found at Eddie Bauer, The Gap, and Old Navy Ski jackets from German Franz Ziener GmbH using Nano-Tex enhancements to make them windproof, waterproof, breathable, and grimeresistant Babolat tennis rackets lightened and strengthened with Nanoledge nanotubes, and Wilson Double Core tennis balls containing InMat nanomaterials to lock in air 23
Currently Marketed Value-Added Products Nanostructured ceramic coatings from Inframat that add durability and toughness to Navy ship hulls Antimicrobal bandages from NuCryst using nanocrystalline silver to kill microbes; more than 100 of the 120 major burn treatment centers in North America use these bandages to treat life threatening burns Duravit sinks and toilets with an easy-clean nanocoating from Nanogate 24
NC Products that will be dramatically effected Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals Textiles and Plastics Paints and Coatings among others 25
Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals Highly focused, noninvasive technologies for medical imaging Nanodevices for targeted medical detection and delivery 26
Textiles and Plastics Membrane and filtering technologies for chemical separation Fiber and film technologies for enhanced durability 27
Paints and Coatings Light and temperature activated pigments Anti-microbial, Anticorrosion, and Anti-stain agents 28
Oops. Oops. 29