Supplemental Figure 1. Mature flowers of P. heterotricha. (A) An inflorescence of P. heterotricha showing the front view of a zygomorphic flower characterized by two small dorsal petals and only two fertile ventral stamens. (B) The dissected flower showing the abortion of dorsal and lateral stamens (one dorsal stamen stops growth so early that it forms an almost invisible vestige). Dp/lp/vp represent dorsal/lateral/ventral petals, and lst/vst represent lateral/ ventral stamens. Bars = 1 cm. 1
Supplemental Figure 2. Overexpression of P. heterotricha CYC1C represses the vegetative growth of Arabidopsis T2 plants. (A) 7-day-old of T2 transgenic seedlings (right) have smaller cotyledons and poorly developed roots compared with wild-type plants (left). (B) 14-day-old of T2 transgenic plants (right) showing retarded growth compared with wild-type plants (left). (C) CYC1C overexpression continues to inhibit Arabidopsis growth. The plants were photographed 21 days after germination. (D) The much smaller leaves of T2 transgenic plants (right) than those of wild-type plants (left). (E) Strong expression of CYC1C in leaves of T2 transgenic plants (tg) but no expression in those of wild-type plants (wt). Bars = 5 cm. 2
Supplemental Figure 3. P. heterotricha CYC1C constitutive expression delays the flowering time of Arabidopsis T2 plants. (A) One wild-type plant photographed 35 days after germination. (B) One typical T2 transgenic plant photographed 55 days after germination. (C) The flowering time of wild-type (wt) and T2 transgenic (tg) plants determined by counting rosette leaf numbers and recording days of flowering after germination. At least three wild-type plants were measured (the data shown are their mean values). Bars = 1 cm. 3
Supplemental Figure 4. P. heterotricha CYC1C overexpression enhances the outgrowth of lateral branches in Arabidopsis T2 plants. The left is a wild-type plant, and the right is one representative T2 transgenic plant. Bar = 5 cm. 4
Supplemental Figure 5. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing P. heterotricha CYC1C produce smaller flowers than wide-type Arabidopsis. (A) Flowers of wide-type (left) and T2 transgenic (right) plants. (B) Petals of wide-type (bottom) and T2 transgenic (up) plants. (C) Stamens and carpels of wide-type (left) and T2 transgenic (right) plants. Bars = 2 mm. 5
Supplemental Figure 6. P. heterotricha CYC1C overexpression reduces Arabidopsis petal areas mainly by reducing petal cell sizes. The petal cells of Arabidopsis T2 plants (right) are obviously smaller than those of wide-type plants (left). Bars = µm on the SEM images, and 1 mm on the whole petals. The same numbers of petal cells are highlighted in yellow. 6
Supplemental Figure 7. The P. heterotricha CYC1C and CYC1D promoters contain sequences matching the consensus CYC-binding sites. (A) The promoter sequence of CYC1C showing the putative CYC-binding site (cbs1, boxed). (B) The promoter sequence of CYC1D showing the putative CYC-binding site (cbs2, boxed). 7
CYC1C MFGKSSYLHPPQVSQSLQSRGSTSAIDIVNGDEILLHDHQQQQDMLSSHYLATN-APFIETSTLYN------QDVGG-SNEDP-SALAST 81 CYC1D MLSKSSYLHPRQVSQSLESRGSTSAVDLVNGAEILLHDHHHHQDMLSDHYLAEN-VSFLEVSTLYN------QDVGG-SNEDP-SALANT 81 CYC2A CYC1C MFGKSPYLQLPHVSSSLQSRASTSVVDLN-DAEFLLHQHHH--DILSGQLVATN-APFLEASTLYN------QDVLGGINEDPNATMANT MFGKSSYLHPPQVSQSLQSRGSTSAIDIVNGDEILLHDHQQQQDMLSSHYLATN-APFIETSTLYN------QDVGG-SNEDP-SALAST 80 81 CYC2B CYC1D MFSKSTYLQLPQVSTSLQSHASTSVVDLN-GAEFLLHQHHH--DILAGHFVGTN-APFLEASTLYN------QDVIGEVNEDPNFTMANT MLSKSSYLHPRQVSQSLESRGSTSAVDLVNGAEILLHDHHHHQDMLSDHYLAEN-VSFLEVSTLYN------QDVGG-SNEDP-SALANT 80 81 CYC2A CYC1C MFGKNTYLHLPQVSSSLHSRAATSVVDLN-GNEIQLH------DMLSGHYLTTANAPVLESTALFNNNNNFNHDVVNGLNRDP----SPT MFGKSPYLQLPHVSSSLQSRASTSVVDLN-DAEFLLHQHHH--DILSGQLVATN-APFLEASTLYN------QDVLGGINEDPNATMANT MFGKSSYLHPPQVSQSLQSRGSTSAIDIVNGDEILLHDHQQQQDMLSSHYLATN-APFIETSTLYN------QDVGG-SNEDP-SALAST 79 80 81 CYC2B CYC1D MFSKSTYLQLPQVSTSLQSHASTSVVDLN-GAEFLLHQHHH--DILAGHFVGTN-APFLEASTLYN------QDVIGEVNEDPNFTMANT MLSKSSYLHPRQVSQSLESRGSTSAVDLVNGAEILLHDHHHHQDMLSDHYLAEN-VSFLEVSTLYN------QDVGG-SNEDP-SALANT 80 81 CYC1C CYC2A CYC1C FSIKQMVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGIARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKVAIKDLAHTKKS----SSARSTPLPSECEV MFGKNTYLHLPQVSSSLHSRAATSVVDLN-GNEIQLH------DMLSGHYLTTANAPVLESTALFNNNNNFNHDVVNGLNRDP----SPT MFGKSPYLQLPHVSSSLQSRASTSVVDLN-DAEFLLHQHHH--DILSGQLVATN-APFLEASTLYN------QDVLGGINEDPNATMANT MFGKSSYLHPPQVSQSLQSRGSTSAIDIVNGDEILLHDHQQQQDMLSSHYLATN-APFIETSTLYN------QDVGG-SNEDP-SALAST 167 79 80 81 CYC1D CYC2B CYC1D FSRNQTVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGIARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKVAIKDLVHTKKS----SSARSTSSPSECEV MFSKSTYLQLPQVSTSLQSHASTSVVDLN-GAEFLLHQHHH--DILAGHFVGTN-APFLEASTLYN------QDVIGEVNEDPNFTMANT MLSKSSYLHPRQVSQSLESRGSTSAVDLVNGAEILLHDHHHHQDMLSDHYLAEN-VSFLEVSTLYN------QDVGG-SNEDP-SALANT BASIC HELIX I LOOP HELIX II 167 80 81 CYC2A CYC1C CYC2A FQAKQTVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGMARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKAAIKDLVQMKKSDATTCTNKSISSPSECEI FSIKQMVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGIARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKVAIKDLAHTKKS----SSARSTPLPSECEV MFGKNTYLHLPQVSSSLHSRAATSVVDLN-GNEIQLH------DMLSGHYLTTANAPVLESTALFNNNNNFNHDVVNGLNRDP----SPT MFGKSPYLQLPHVSSSLQSRASTSVVDLN-DAEFLLHQHHH--DILSGQLVATN-APFLEASTLYN------QDVLGGINEDPNATMANT 170 167 79 80 CYC2B CYC1D CYC2B FQAKQTVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGMARKFFDLQEMLAFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKAAIKELVQLKKSDASTCTNKSISSPSECEV FSRNQTVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGIARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKVAIKDLVHTKKS----SSARSTSSPSECEV MFSKSTYLQLPQVSTSLQSHASTSVVDLN-GAEFLLHQHHH--DILAGHFVGTN-APFLEASTLYN------QDVIGEVNEDPNFTMANT 170 167 80 Am CYC2A CYC1C FPTKQAVKKDRHSKIYTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGIARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLDWLLTKSKTAIKELVQSKST-----KSNSSSPCDDCEE FQAKQTVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGMARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKAAIKDLVQMKKSDATTCTNKSISSPSECEI FSIKQMVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGIARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKVAIKDLAHTKKS----SSARSTPLPSECEV MFGKNTYLHLPQVSSSLHSRAATSVVDLN-GNEIQLH------DMLSGHYLTTANAPVLESTALFNNNNNFNHDVVNGLNRDP----SPT 164 170 167 79 CYC2B CYC1D FQAKQTVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGMARKFFDLQEMLAFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKAAIKELVQLKKSDASTCTNKSISSPSECEV FSRNQTVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGIARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKVAIKDLVHTKKS----SSARSTSSPSECEV 170 167 CYC1C CYC2A CYC1C VLNGEAFEHGSCLLPADSKRKSVLMNANQCKGAKDPTQSASTLAKESRAKARARARERTKEKMCIKKLNESRNM-------------NNL FPTKQAVKKDRHSKIYTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGIARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLDWLLTKSKTAIKELVQSKST-----KSNSSSPCDDCEE FQAKQTVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGMARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKAAIKDLVQMKKSDATTCTNKSISSPSECEI FSIKQMVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGIARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKVAIKDLAHTKKS----SSARSTPLPSECEV 244 164 170 167 CYC1D CYC2B CYC1D VLNGEAFENGNCLLGEDSKRKWVSINANKCKGAKDPTQSASTLAKESRAKARARARERTKEKMCIKKLNESRNMGSNLNPSVPIQR-NNL FQAKQTVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGMARKFFDLQEMLAFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKAAIKELVQLKKSDASTCTNKSISSPSECEV FSRNQTVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGIARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKVAIKDLVHTKKS----SSARSTSSPSECEV 256 170 167 CYC2A CYC1C CYC2A IE----LENGN-YLDADSNGNFVLANTYRCIRAKDPQQDVLNLAKESRAKARARARERTREKMCMKKFTESRNMVPDLNPSIPIQARNSF VLNGEAFEHGSCLLPADSKRKSVLMNANQCKGAKDPTQSASTLAKESRAKARARARERTKEKMCIKKLNESRNM-------------NNL FPTKQAVKKDRHSKIYTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGIARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLDWLLTKSKTAIKELVQSKST-----KSNSSSPCDDCEE FQAKQTVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGMARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKAAIKDLVQMKKSDATTCTNKSISSPSECEI TCP domain 255 244 164 170 CYC2B CYC1D CYC2B IE----LENGN-YLDADYNGNLVPANTYRCRRAKDTQQDILNLAKESRAKARARARERTREKLCMKKFTESSNMASDLNRSIPIQARNSL VLNGEAFENGNCLLGEDSKRKWVSINANKCKGAKDPTQSASTLAKESRAKARARARERTKEKMCIKKLNESRNMGSNLNPSVPIQR-NNL FQAKQTVKKDRHSKIVTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGMARKFFDLQEMLAFDKPSKTLEWLLTKSKAAIKELVQLKKSDASTCTNKSISSPSECEV 255 256 170 Am CYC2A CYC1C VVS---VDSEN--VTDHSKGKSLKAN-NKCKEAMDSHQAA---AKESRAKARARARERTKEKMCIKQLNEAIVLR------------NHQ IE----LENGN-YLDADSNGNFVLANTYRCIRAKDPQQDVLNLAKESRAKARARARERTREKMCMKKFTESRNMVPDLNPSIPIQARNSF VLNGEAFEHGSCLLPADSKRKSVLMNANQCKGAKDPTQSASTLAKESRAKARARARERTKEKMCIKKLNESRNM-------------NNL FPTKQAVKKDRHSKIYTSQGPRDRRVRLSIGIARKFFDLQEMLGFDKPSKTLDWLLTKSKTAIKELVQSKST-----KSNSSSPCDDCEE 233 255 244 164 CYC2B CYC1D IE----LENGN-YLDADYNGNLVPANTYRCRRAKDTQQDILNLAKESRAKARARARERTREKLCMKKFTESSNMASDLNRSIPIQARNSL VLNGEAFENGNCLLGEDSKRKWVSINANKCKGAKDPTQSASTLAKESRAKARARARERTKEKMCIKKLNESRNMGSNLNPSVPIQR-NNL 255 256 CYC1C CYC2A CYC1C FEVCRPSASNSQLILHCPITDEATAATVTAT-DHIIQESNVVKRMLRHHPSFFGFHCSLPSPNINENWDVSSLTSQSN-FCDILDQQHKF VVS---VDSEN--VTDHSKGKSLKAN-NKCKEAMDSHQAA---AKESRAKARARARERTKEKMCIKQLNEAIVLR------------NHQ IE----LENGN-YLDADSNGNFVLANTYRCIRAKDPQQDVLNLAKESRAKARARARERTREKMCMKKFTESRNMVPDLNPSIPIQARNSF VLNGEAFEHGSCLLPADSKRKSVLMNANQCKGAKDPTQSASTLAKESRAKARARARERTKEKMCIKKLNESRNM-------------NNL 332 233 255 244 CYC1D CYC2B CYC1D FEVCRPSASN----IHCPITNEATTATVAATPEDLIQESNVIKRMLRHHSSFFGFHCSLPSPNVNENWDVSSLTSQSN-FCDILD-QHKF IE----LENGN-YLDADYNGNLVPANTYRCRRAKDTQQDILNLAKESRAKARARARERTREKLCMKKFTESSNMASDLNRSIPIQARNSL VLNGEAFENGNCLLGEDSKRKWVSINANKCKGAKDPTQSASTLAKESRAKARARARERTKEKMCIKKLNESRNMGSNLNPSVPIQR-NNL 340 255 256 CYC2A CYC1C CYC2A SEVCKLPPSNTEPSLHFPLANTAAAT------EDLIQESLVIRRMLKNN-SIFGFQQ-----NVNQNWDISSLTAQSN-LCDILD-QHKF FEVCRPSASNSQLILHCPITDEATAATVTAT-DHIIQESNVVKRMLRHHPSFFGFHCSLPSPNINENWDVSSLTSQSN-FCDILDQQHKF VVS---VDSEN--VTDHSKGKSLKAN-NKCKEAMDSHQAA---AKESRAKARARARERTKEKMCIKQLNEAIVLR------------NHQ IE----LENGN-YLDADSNGNFVLANTYRCIRAKDPQQDVLNLAKESRAKARARARERTREKMCMKKFTESRNMVPDLNPSIPIQARNSF 331 332 233 255 CYC2B CYC1D CYC2B SEVCEVPPSNTEPSFHFPLANTAAAT------EELIQESLVIRRILKHN-SMLGFQQ-----NVNQNCDISSLTAQSN-LCDILD-QHRF FEVCRPSASN----IHCPITNEATTATVAATPEDLIQESNVIKRMLRHHSSFFGFHCSLPSPNVNENWDVSSLTSQSN-FCDILD-QHKF IE----LENGN-YLDADYNGNLVPANTYRCRRAKDTQQDILNLAKESRAKARARARERTREKLCMKKFTESSNMASDLNRSIPIQARNSL 331 340 255 Am CYC2A CYC1C FEVSGTREAFVHPVFGFHQQNYGNAS--------------------------------------HENWDQSNLSSQSNQLCAILN-QHKF SEVCKLPPSNTEPSLHFPLANTAAAT------EDLIQESLVIRRMLKNN-SIFGFQQ-----NVNQNWDISSLTAQSN-LCDILD-QHKF FEVCRPSASNSQLILHCPITDEATAATVTAT-DHIIQESNVVKRMLRHHPSFFGFHCSLPSPNINENWDVSSLTSQSN-FCDILDQQHKF VVS---VDSEN--VTDHSKGKSLKAN-NKCKEAMDSHQAA---AKESRAKARARARERTKEKMCIKQLNEAIVLR------------NHQ R domain 284 331 332 233 CYC2B CYC1D SEVCEVPPSNTEPSFHFPLANTAAAT------EELIQESLVIRRILKHN-SMLGFQQ-----NVNQNCDISSLTAQSN-LCDILD-QHRF FEVCRPSASN----IHCPITNEATTATVAATPEDLIQESNVIKRMLRHHSSFFGFHCSLPSPNVNENWDVSSLTSQSN-FCDILD-QHKF 331 340 CYC1C CYC2A CYC1C INR---- FEVSGTREAFVHPVFGFHQQNYGNAS--------------------------------------HENWDQSNLSSQSNQLCAILN-QHKF SEVCKLPPSNTEPSLHFPLANTAAAT------EDLIQESLVIRRMLKNN-SIFGFQQ-----NVNQNWDISSLTAQSN-LCDILD-QHKF FEVCRPSASNSQLILHCPITDEATAATVTAT-DHIIQESNVVKRMLRHHPSFFGFHCSLPSPNINENWDVSSLTSQSN-FCDILDQQHKF 335 284 331 332 CYC1D CYC2B CYC1D INR---- SEVCEVPPSNTEPSFHFPLANTAAAT------EELIQESLVIRRILKHN-SMLGFQQ-----NVNQNCDISSLTAQSN-LCDILD-QHRF FEVCRPSASN----IHCPITNEATTATVAATPEDLIQESNVIKRMLRHHSSFFGFHCSLPSPNVNENWDVSSLTSQSN-FCDILD-QHKF 343 331 340 CYC2A CYC1C CYC2A INSSSNM INR---- FEVSGTREAFVHPVFGFHQQNYGNAS--------------------------------------HENWDQSNLSSQSNQLCAILN-QHKF SEVCKLPPSNTEPSLHFPLANTAAAT------EDLIQESLVIRRMLKNN-SIFGFQQ-----NVNQNWDISSLTAQSN-LCDILD-QHKF 338 335 284 331 CYC2B CYC1D CYC2B INSSSNM INR---- SEVCEVPPSNTEPSFHFPLANTAAAT------EELIQESLVIRRILKHN-SMLGFQQ-----NVNQNCDISSLTAQSN-LCDILD-QHRF 338 343 331 Am CYC2A CYC1C IN----- INSSSNM INR---- FEVSGTREAFVHPVFGFHQQNYGNAS--------------------------------------HENWDQSNLSSQSNQLCAILN-QHKF 286 338 335 284 CYC2B CYC1D INSSSNM INR---- 338 343 CYC2A CYC1C IN----- INSSSNM INR---- 286 338 335 CYC2B CYC1D INSSSNM INR---- 338 343 CYC2A IN----- INSSSNM 286 338 CYC2B INSSSNM 338 Am CYC IN----- 286 Supplemental Figure 8. Alignment of protein sequences of P. heterotricha CYC and Antirrhinum CYC. TCP (comprising BASIC, HELIX I, LOOP, and HELIX II regions) and R domains are underlined. The TCP domain of CYC1C is identical to that of CYC1D. 8
98 At TCP4 CIN At TCP2 CYC1 82 At TCP18 Lj CYC1 Floral CYC-binding symmetry site TCP-C Glyma08g28690 Glyma13g07480 Yes 89 92 Glyma19g05910 Lj CYC2 ECE 84 93 98 Mt CYC1A Lj CYC3 Glyma10g39140 Vvi Loc256607 Yes Yes No 87 85 Am CYC Am DICH 82 CYC1C CYC1D Yes CYC2 90 Mg CYC Sl TCP7 Yes No 63 CYC3 At TCP1 Br TCP1 At TCP12 No No Os PCF1 TCP-P Os PCF2 Supplemental Figure 9. The neighbor-joining tree of CYC2 clade genes using MEGA 4. Distance calculations are based on the protein sequences exclusive of the regions between TCP and R domains. Sequences were subjected to the neighbor-joining analysis. All fragments analyzed (bold) cluster within the CYC2 clade with a high bootstrap. Bootstrap values higher than 50% are shown. Am, Antirrhinum majus; At, Arabidopsis thaliana; Br, Brassica rapa; Glyma, Glycine max; Lj, Lotus japonicus; Mg, Mimulus guttatus; Mt, Medicago truncatula;, Primulina heterotricha; Sl, Solanum lycopersicum; Vvi, Vitis vinifera. Accession numbers for these sequences are: Am CYC: Y16313; Am DICH: AF199465; At TCP1: NM_001084312; At TCP2: NM_001084938; At TCP4: NM_001202967; At TCP12: NM_105554; At TCP16: NM_114384; At TCP18: NM_112741; Br TCP1: AC189200; Vvi LOC256607: XM_002279676; Mg CYC: AC182570; Mt CYC1A: XM_003637000; Sl TCP7: NM_001246868; Lj CYC1: DQ202475; Lj CYC2: DQ202476; Lj CYC3: DQ202477; PCF1: DE7260; PCF2: D87261; CYC1C: JX020500; CYC1D: JX020501; CYC2A: JX020502; CYC2B: JX020503. 9
Supplemental Table 1. Putative TCP-binding sites found in other ECE genes in the monocots. Species Gene a Sequence b Reference Oryza REP1 (EU702407) tctgggcccctctccg (-2991) Yuan et al., 2009 sativa agtagtgggcccttag (-1490) TB1 (AB088343) gggtggcccacggtt (-2215) Navaud et al., 2007 tttagtcccacatcg (-1919) tttagtcccacattg (-1837) tttagtcccacatcg (-1710) tttagtcccacatcg (-1584) ggttggcccacggtt (-1429) ccaaggccccacgtcg (-941) Zea TB1 (AF415151) ggaggaggcccaggt (-2947) Doebley et al., 1997 mays aacagggcccactacc (-1635) tacaggtcccatatg (-834) a The number in the bracket represent the accession number of each gene. b The sequences with capital letters representing the consensus CYC-binding sites. 3 kb upstream region of respective gene is analysed in this study. The number in the bracket represents the position of each site relative to the start codon of respective gene. 10
Supplemental Table 2. Primers used in this study. Primer name Sequence (from 5 to 3 ) CYC1C-F1 CYC1C-R1 CYC1D-F1 CYC1D-R1 CYC1C-F2 CYC1C-R2 CYC1D-F2 CYC1D-R2 CYC1C-F2 CYC1C-R2 CYC1D-F2 CYC1D-R2 CYC1C-F3 CYC1C-R3 CYC1C-F4 CYC1C-R4 CYC1D-F3 CYC1D-R3 CYC1C-F5 CYC1C-R5 CYC1C-F6 CYC1C-R6 ACTIN-F ACTIN-R AtEF1α-F AtEF1α-R CGCCGTTTATTGAGACTTCAACC CTAGAACTCTTCTTTGTATGAG TGTCATTTCTTGAGGTTTCAACA CTGGAACTTTTCTTTGTATGAA CAGACCATCGGCATCTAATAGCCAG CGAAAAACGAAGGATGGTGCCTCAG TGCTGTAGACCTCGTTAATGGAGC CTCAAGAAATGACACATTTTCTGC CTCGGATCCATGTTTGGCAAGAG CTTGAATTCTCACATTTTCTCCTTC CTGGATCCCTGGCCAACACAT CAAAAGCTTCGCCATTTAACAC TAACCCATGGCAACAATGTTTGGCAAGAGCTC CACTAGTCGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCTATGTTTGAAGAT CATGAGTTGTTCACTGGCATACC GCTGAGATTAGAGCAGATTAAAGACCC GGTGAGTCGTTCACTGTCATACCAG GCTGTGATTAGAGCAGATT TAAGGG TGTCGTTAAAAGGATGCTGAGGCACC CTTGTGCTGCTGATCCAAAATGTCAC AGACCATGGTTGGCAAGAGCTCATAC AGAACTAGTGATGAACTTGTGCTGCTG TGTGTTGGACTCTGGTGATG TCCTCCAATCCAGACACTG TGAGCACGCTCTTCTTGCTTTCA GGTGGTGGCATCCATCTTGTTACA 11
Supplemental References: Doebley J, Stec A, Hubbard L. (1997) The evolution of apical dominance in maize. Nature. 386: 485-488. Navaud O, Dabos P, Carnus E, Tremousaygue D, HervéC. (2007) TCP transcription factors predate the emergence of land plants. J. Mol. Evol. 65: 23-33. Yuan Z, Gao S, Xue D-W, Luo D, Li L-T, Ding S-Y, Yao X, Wilson ZA, Qian Q, Zhang D-B. (2009) RETARDED PALEA1 controls palea development and floral zygomorphy in rice. Plant ysiol. 149: 235-244. 12