The Nano World
Preface Nano is the cool thing and it s the buzzword Like space travel and the Internet before it, the possibilities of the nano world catches the imagination of school children and scientists alike. Investors and policy makers have a lot of interest of the possibilities at the nanoscale. New technology usually means new products and new ways to back a profitable product. 11/18/2012 2
The First Nanotechnologist Nature did it first - A cell is a warehouse of nanoscale machines that function in a highly controlled manner Biology is naturally Nano (a) mimic biological structure, (b) natural interface between materials/biology, Biology can teach the physical world of electronics, materials science, computing and manufacturing There exists biological analogues of conventional functional devices We have the tools to do it 11/18/2012 3 A Epithelial Cell. Source - Wikipedia
Nanotechnology Moving Atom by Atom Writing using STM Don Eigler(1989) Scanning tunneling microscope - 1981 The art and science of building stuff that does stuff at the nanometer scale Richard Smalley (Nobel Prize, Chemistry 1996) Nanotechnology is ability to work at atomic and molecular levels, in the length scale of about 1 nm to about 100 nm, in order to understand, create and use materials, device and systems with fundamentally new properties and functions because of their small structure 11/18/2012 4
What is small? What is considered small in science has depended on what we can see SEM TEM He Ion Microscope 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 Sources: Nikon, Zeiss, Wikipedia, IBM 11/18/2012 5
Milliscale Microscale Nanoscale 11/18/2012 6 Source: NNI
Nanotechnology in History and Art Lycurgus Cup British Museum (4 th Century AD) Dichroic glass containing gold and silver nanoparticles. Stained Glass The Nativity, Cathedral at Chartres Ruby Reds from Gold Chloride nanoparticles, Yellow from Silver Nitrate M. Brady 1864 Photography based on formation of silver nanoparticles 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 G. Moore Postulates Moore s Law 1965 Richard Feynman There s Plenty of Room at the Bottom 1959 N. Taniguchi "On the Basic Concept of 'Nano-Technology'," Proc. Intl. Conf. Prod. Eng. Tokyo, Part II, Japan Society of Precision Engineering, 1974. 11/18/2012 7 D. Eigler & E. Schweizer Atomic manipulation of Xe atoms on Ni with AFM 1990 Sub 100 nm design rules
The question? Is nanotechnology the gateway to the future? Where will your imagination take you? 11/18/2012 8
What makes Nano Special Super small things like atoms behave differently than the same stuff behaves when it s bigger Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010 11/18/2012 9
11/18/2012 10 Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010
Water running uphill 11/18/2012 11
At the Nanoscale: Size Really Does Matter Physical properties of all materials change when size (and shape) shrink to the nanometer scale Cadmium selenide nanoparticles fluorescing at different colors. Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010 11/18/2012 12
11/18/2012 13 Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010
11/18/2012 14 Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010
Nanofabrication Top-down: Chisel away material to make nanoscale objects Bottom-up: Assemble nanoscale objects out of even smaller units (e.g., atoms and molecules) Ultimate Goal: Dial in the properties that you want by designing and building at the scale of nature (i.e., the nanoscale) 11/18/2012 15
Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010 11/18/2012 16
11/18/2012 17 Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010
11/18/2012 18 Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010
Nanoscale Materials Nanoscale materials have feature size less than 100 nm utilized in nanoscale structures, devices and systems Nanoparticles and Structures Gold nanoparticles TU Dresden/ESRF, 2008 Silver nanoparticles Northwestern Univ., 2002 11/18/2012 19 A stadium shaped quantum corral made by positioning iron atoms on a copper surface IBM Corp., 1993. A 3-dimensional nanostructure grown by controlled nucleation of Silicon-carbide nanowires on Gallium catalyst particles Univ. of Cambridge, 2007 Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010
Zero-dimensional Nanostructures 11/18/2012 20
One-dimensional Nanostructures 11/18/2012 21
Vision for Nanomedicine 11/18/2012 22 Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010
Nanotechnology Environmental, Health and Safety Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010 11/18/2012 23 Human and the environment come under exposure to nanomaterials at different stages of the product cycle
Summary Nanotechnology is inherently an interdisciplinary field that encompasses physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. Recent years (and months) have seen significant scientific and technological advances in nanotechnology. The federal government and industry are investing heavily in nanotechnology research and development. Many future developments and technologies have been promised are they realizable? Thank You for your attention 11/18/2012 24
Where are the Career Areas? In areas as diverse as designing medical diagnostic devices to building better batteries, from creating cosmetics to enhancing energy efficient windows, from auto and plane manufacturing to researching the nature of matter itself, knowledge of nanoscale science and technology will be increasingly important during upcoming years and decades. Source: NNIN educational protal 11/18/2012 25
Career opportunities, exist in areas Electronics/semiconductor industry Materials science including textiles, polymers, packaging, among other Auto and aerospace industries Sports equipment Pharmaceuticals including drug delivery, cosmetics, among others Biotechnology Medical fields Optoelectronics Environmental monitoring and control Food science including quality control and packaging Forensics University and federal lab research National security Military Source: NNIN educational portal 11/18/2012 26
What Education is Needed and in Which Fields? Nanoscale phenomena underlie many of the properties and interactions of matter, and thus the sciences of physics, chemistry, and biology Potential fields of study include: Biology Chemistry Physics Environmental Science Agricultural Science Engineering Medicine Forensic Science Business and Law Ethics 11/18/2012 27 Source: NNIN educational portal
Nanotechnology School Activity Resources http://www.nano.gov/educationtraining/center/teacher-resources http://www.nnin.org/nnin_edu.html http://www.nnin.org/doc/nnin_outreach_demo_gui de-11_10.pdf http://www.community.nsee.us/index.php?option =com_content&view=section&id=4&itemid=234 http://nanozone.org/sitemap.html http://www.nisenet.org/community/k-12- teachers http://www.cneu.psu.edu/default.htm http://www.powerofsmall.org/ http://vimeo.com/12032392 11/18/2012 28