aplωzv \_n(k): lrzblmcnbmb sszhzqx

e w 11 hne 20 aplωzv \_n(k): lrzblmcnbmb sszhzqx Cukm\_nbpsS BImihmkwx Xmtemen s Sp A hnizmkw

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ln.i.1394 \p_pδøv 1436 apldw k^ ]pkvxiw 86 e w 10 hne 20 cq] The Sathyadoothan Monthly Hcp \q m nt\mssp p aebmfønse GI CkvemanI {]kn oicww 55 6 FUnt mdnb bpki_vzw 26 Cukm\_nbpsS Bimihmkwx Xmtemen s Sp A hnizmkw aplωvzv A_p h^m 29 blqz kaqlhpw kvvs]bn\pw F. Fw aplωzv kenw 7 JpXzv_ t\cmb am K-Øn apt -dpi lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv (AøZlp..) Aao-dp apavan-\o Jeo-^-Øp a-kolv lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv (AøZlp...) 2011 Pq 6 \v akvpnzv ss_øpipiqdn (P a\n) \n hln PpapA JpXzv_bp ss kw{klw aplωzv \_n(k): lrzblmcnbmb sszhzqx F.Pn kq^n GXv a\pjyt\bpw kzm[o\n p AXyp Xamb kmxzni hnip nbp dkq Xncpta\n(k)bpsS PohnXw am\hobxbpss kºq W amxribmbncp p. ]mh\amb B PohnXw a\pjy lrzbßsf B {Z]qcnXam pibpw a\pjys\znhy\m n am pibpw snøp p. 13 20 Hcp ssham\nis hn`p\ime kvacwiƒ 3 kvizm{u eou ao aplωzv AlvaZv hnam\hpambn _ s Nne AZv`pX kw`hßƒ teji A\mhcWw snøp p. 32 {]nb aeme... tum. ^dmkv Xem 2014 se kam[m\øn\p t\mt_ kwbp tpxmhv ]minkvxm\nse aemem bqkp^v kmbn v ]minkvxm\nse BZysØ t\mt_ kωm\tpxmhv tum.a p emw kmln_v Xs A\p`hßfpsS IY hnhcn v sim v FgpXp km ni IØv 33 IhnX ]Tn v F v.fkv. Imht»cn 34 em \_nø _AvZo F hmiyøns hnh auem\m A p mlv F v. F 37 As mcp Znhkw knuv\nbn hn.]n _jo, knuv\n 39 awkƒbm Db Øp BImi Nn Iƒ apkm^n akvpnzv Da, sk vs_\univsv tdmuv, FdWmIpfw t\m Øv, sim n 682018 email-sathyadoothan1@gmail.com No^v FUn Fw. \mkn AlvaZv t^m : 9497343704 FUn G. Fw. aplωzv keow t^m : 8907182933 Email-salimqld@gmail.com amt\p F v. AlvaZv jm^n t^m : 8089574250 Printed & Published by B.B. Ahmad Kabeer, for the Kerala Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama-ath Printed at Anaswara Offset, Perandoor Jn.,Elamakkara, Ernakulam-682 026. Published at Masjid Umar, St. Benedict Road, Ernakulam, Kochi-18. Edited by A.M. Muhammed Salim. Design: Ziyad Rahman

]dbpi: Fs ASp A mlphns JP\mhpIƒ Ds v Rm \nßtfmsv ]dbp n. AZriyImcy ßƒ Rm\dnbp pan. Rm Hcp amemjbmsw pw \nßtfmsv ]dbp n. F nte v Znhyt_m[\w \ Is Sp Xv ]n ] pi am{xamwv Rm snøp Xv. ]dbpi; A \pw Imgv bp h\pw Hcpt]mse bmiptam? At mƒ \nßƒ Nn n p nt?.(6: 51) sskzp_v\p JmenZv(d) bn \n v \nthz\w: dkq Xncp ta\n (k) ]d p: A mlp ]dbp Xv CXmWv, Fs Zmk mcpss Iq Øn F n Ahnizkn hcpw Fs \ntj[n hcpap v. sszhm\p{kløm ag h jn p In nsb v ]dbp ps n Ah F n hnizkn h\pw \ {Xßsf \ntj[n h\pamwv. C n \ {Xßƒ DZn Xv ImcWamWv Rßƒ v ag e`n Xv F v ]dbp h\mis, Fs \ntj[n h\pw \ {XØn hnizkn h\pamwv. (_pjmcn) bp nbpw kb kpw Ckvemapambn s]mcpøs SpIbns ho Ww Ah ]pe Øp Xmbn mwv txm p Xv. `uxni XØz imkv{xßfpss Zu _eyßƒ Ah v Xpd v Im m Ignhn m ØXpsIm v B[p\nI hnjbßƒ ]Tn p Xv A\phZ\obas v kn m n p sim v XßfpsS hogvnisf ad p ]nsn m Ah {ian pibmwv... `uxni XØzimkv{Xßƒ v apºn AhcpsS BXvam ƒ hndsim pibmwv. \hw\hßfmb I p ]nspøßƒ v apºn Ah IpºnSpIbpw snøp p. axøns tkh\øn\pw sszhhn\ßsf Db Øn nsn p Xn\psa mw B[p\nI hn m\ßƒ GXp hnt[\bpw ]Tn pibpw Ah {i m]q hw {Kln dnbpibpw sntø Xv BhiyamWv. Cu ]T\w Hcp hiøn am{xw Du n sim v XpS v h n p hcpw kzmxznicpambn _ w ÿm]n m CSh n n møhcpw AXn\v apºn Ad v \n pibpw Aßns\ Ckveman \n v th s] p t]mipibpw snbvxxmbn F\n v Xs A\p`hn dnbm Ign n p v. (a ^qkmøv, `m 65,66) 4

G hpw henb A hnizmkw Ign h jw BKkvXv 20 \v AJne `mcxob A imkv{x \n aqe kanxn bpss (ABANS) almcmjv{sbnse t\xmhpw Atem Xn tumivsdpw {]apj bp nhmzn BNmcy\pambncp \tc{μ [t_m A hnizmkßƒs Xnsc \SØnb Imw]bn B{Ian s SpIbpw At±lw sim s SpIbpap mbn. XpS v [mt_m Xs IcSv cq]w simspø \c_en, `oicmnmcßƒ, AtLmcmNmcw (`oicmnmcß D]mkn p inh` cpss BNmcßƒ ) B`nNmc {Inb apxembh XSbp Xpw D qe\w snøp Xpamb Hcp \nbaw 2013 ( Maharashtra Prevention and Eradication of Human Sacrifice and other Inhuman, Evil and Aghori Practices and Black Magic Act, 2013) almcmjv{sbn \nehn h p. almcmjv{stb mƒ XmcXtay\ ]ptcmka\ ho Ww ]pe Øp ticfønepw CS nss A hnizmk Ip IrXyßƒ Actßdp p. ticfw a{ X{ hmznifpssbpw Ckvav ]Wn mcptsbpw IW mcptsbpw ajnt\m mcpssbpw ]dpzokbmbn amdpibmtwm F v txm n n pamdmwv hm ØIfn A hnizmkßfpss hnfbm amwv. AXvsIm v ticfønepw Hcp A hnizmk hncp \nbaw thww F p ]d p sim mwv axkwls\ifpw atxxc kwls\ifpw Ct mƒ {]t m`w Bcw`n ncn p Xv. \c_en, kxn, a{ hmzw, IqtSm{Xw, _m[ Hgn n, NmØ tkh, snipøm tkh, Pmdw aqs, amcww, HSnhnZy, knldv, Ddp v, ]n mwsagpøv, a{ n NcSv si v, ajnt\m w apxembhbmwv {]apjamb A hnizmkßƒ. Pohlm\nbpw imcocni ]ov\ßfpw, ssewkni ]ou\ßfpw kmºøni \jvsßfpw am\lm\nbpw AhImi \ntj[ßfpw CØcw A hnizmkw aqew D mhp p. A hnizmk Ip IrXyßƒ axøns `mkambn hcptºmƒ AXn ssish m `cwiqsßƒ asn p p. k o Wamb {]iv\amsw nepw \nbaw sim phcm {ian psa v ticfønse B`y c a{ n A hnizmk kac m v Dd v \ Inbn p v.. \nba \n amwtø mƒ bp nt_m[w PohnXØn ]pe Øphm\p ]cnioe\hpw t_m[hxv cwhpamwv C mcyøn th Xv. AXn\v axßfnse Nne k ßfpw A ym]\ßfpw bp nklambpw B[nImcnIambpw hnizoicn s ts Xp v. an axßfnepw A hnizmkn Iƒ mwv `qcn] w. kq vaxtbmss ka{kamb axpohnxw \bn p bym Y hnizmkniƒ s]mxpth CltemI PohnXw W`wKpcamsW pw ChnsSbp Ae mcßƒ \izcßfmsw pw IcpXn kzvi aßƒ snbvxpw sszhnimcm[\bn apgpinbpw kmxzni PohnXw \bn p hcmwv. A hnizmkßfpss t{]cißƒ A[nIhpw Zp\nbmhn ]q Ønbmth a\pjys ZpcIfpw icotc IfpsS A`n\nthißfpambncn pw. PohnXw BkzZn m\p s\t m Øn sszhsø Bcm[n m\pw kq vabxtbmss [m ani PohnXw \bn m\pw PohnXØns s]mcpfns\ pdn v KuchtØmsS Nn n m\pw Ah ad p t]mhp p. Ipdp phgnifneqss sszhsø {]oxns SpØphm\pw XßfpsS tztloiƒ k^eam m axhnizmksa t]cn A hnizmk Zp aq ØnIsf D]mkn pibpw snøp hcmwh. Ip Ichpw {]Xy hpamb A hnizmksø ]nsniqsm cmpysø \nehnep \nbaßƒ v km[n pw. F m a\pjys BXvaob PohnXsØbpw PohnX ho WsØbpw _m[n p A hnizmkßƒ v XSbnSm \nbaøn\mhn. AØcØn s] Hcp A hnizmkhpw `uxni Ima\bpsS ]q ØoIcWhpamWv Cukm \_n(a)sb kw_ n A hnizmkw. AXmbXv c mbncw h jambn BImiØv hkn p Cukm \_n(a) Ahkm\Imew `qanbnte v AhtcmlnX\mIpsa pw Z m F AXnibßƒ Imgv sh p almzp» nsb tlmc bp w \SØn txm n psa pw. Ahkm\w BtKmf `cww apkvenwiƒ v t\snøcpsa pap hnizmkw!!. tjzicsa v ]dbs A hnizmkøns\xnsc PnlmZv \SØp appmlnzv {]ÿm\w Cukm\_n(A)sb ] n Cu henb A hnizmkw sh p]pe Øp hcmwv. AXmbXv HSnhnZybneqsStbm NmØ tkhbneqsstbm IqtSm{XØneqsStbm As n Ad_n Ybnse Pn neqsstbm ku`mkyßƒ txsp Xv t]mse Cukm \_n(a)bpss tkh ]nsn v s\ nhnb msx apkvenw DΩØv kºøpw A[nImchpw t\sn temisø CkvemanIambn am n]wnbpsa hnizmkw A hnizmkat? A hnizmkßƒs Xnsc bp n hmzniƒ pw imkv{x kmlnxy ]cnjøpim psam w \n v kacw snøp appmlnzv {]h ØI v CXv hnizoicn m\p _m yxbnt? hnip Jp B ]dbp p: Xm Dt±in p h v Ah bp n m\w \ Ip p. B s nepw bp n m\w \ Is m Ah\p hfscb[niw \ Iƒ \ Is p (sh v {Kln p sim pi) _p nam mc msx Bcpw Xs Nn n p Imcyßƒ {Kln p n. (2:270) 5

bpki_vzw Zriyhn{Klßsf \njv{]bmkw Xncn dn bmhp XmWv. AtX WØn Xs, Hcmsf AXn \n v tamnn n m\pw km[n p XmWv. Cßs\ tamnnxcmb \qdp W n\mfpiƒ AXn \n v Zqtc v t]mip Xmbn Rm ImWp p. Hcp ImeØv lnμp ƒ \nd ncp Cu cmpyøv C v apkvenwifpap v. Cu apkvenw Iƒ lnμp fn \n v h hct? AXp sim v Ah hn{klmcm[\ Dt] n nt? C sø lnμp fn \n p t]mepw hn{klmcm[\bn mø Hcp kapzmbw Db p h ncn p p. hn{klmc [\sb Xv ChnSw sim hkm\n p n. hn{klmcm[\bpss {]Xy cq]w Dt] n s p sh v am{xtabp q. Zm i\nisc pw X imkv{x sc pw kzbw t]cn v hnfn p Bbnc W n\v hn{klßsf sim p \S p Ch v CØcw hn{klßsf Ahcn \n pw tamnn n m km[n pibn Xs. sszhnim\p{klan msx CØcw IoSßsf D n \n pw tamnn n m km[n pibn. F Xv Hcp hkvxpxbmwv. Cu IoSßƒ AXn kq vaßfmwv. AXvt]mse Xs G hpw A]ISImcnIfpamWv. XßfpsS kz w hnimcßƒ Snas v sszhw hn[n ]cn[niƒ pw AhImißƒ pa pdw t]mhpibpw a p hcpss ]cn[nifneqssbpw AhImißfneqsSbpw FSpØv NmSpIbpw snøp Nnecpap v. FgpXmt\m hmbn mt\m AdnbmØ BfpIfpsS Imcya Rm ]d Xv. adn v CØcw BfpIfn Deam mcpw kq^nifpw ^JolpIfpw Dƒs Sp p. CØcw tcmkßƒ v Ah CcbmbnXocp p. D X \nebnep _p nbpw ss[cyhpw hn{klßsf Ipdn p Adnhpw [mcwbpaps n CØcw lzvdøv AlvaZv (A) a\ n\isø hn{klßƒ hn{klßfn \n pw hn v \n m Ignbp XmWv. Cu hn{klßƒ P\ßƒ nsbn ]Ihf Øp p. X qew Bbnc W n v simeiƒ \S p p. ssz\wzn\ Xn IfpsS AXn{]kcw D mhp p. Hcmƒ as mcmfpss AhImißƒ ]nsn p ]dn pibpw `uxnixsb henb txmxn B{ibn pibpw snøptºmƒ sszhw F Xv hy amb Hcp k ambn amdp p. XuloZv (GI sszhxzw) Fs v a\ n em nbhcpss FÆw C v s]mxpth IpdhmWv. F m Ahsc Hm as SpØp Xmbm Ah DS ]dbpw F v Rßƒ apkvenwift? Rßƒ Iena snm p nt? F v. Iena F Xv Np p sim v DcphnSm\p shdpw Hcp a{ ambn Ah IcpXp p F Xv ZpxJapfhm p kwkxnbmwv. HcpImcyw Rm Xo bmbpw ]dbp p.: GsXmcmƒ Iena Xzøn_sb (A mlp A msx Bcm[\ v A l a mcpans pw aplωzv (k) Ahs ZqX\msW pw {]Jym]n ) \ Xv t]mse AdnbpIbpw AXv Xs PohnXØn apdpsi ]nsn pibpw snøp pthm, Abmƒ v alømb]ptcmkxnbp mhpibpw k hi \mb A mlphns AXv`pXIcamb shfns S Abmƒ v Z in pamdmipibpw snøp XmWv. Rm\nhnsS \nßfpss apºn Hcp IY]dbp hmt\m, km[mcwt]msesbmcp {]kwkw \S Øphmt\m A \n p sx Imcyw \ hæw a\ nem ns m pi. Fs sszhw G n Hcp ZuXyw F\n v ]q Ønbmt Xp v. CXv Bsc nepw {i n mepw Cs nepw hnizkn mepw Cs nepw F\n Xn bmsxmcp]cn`hhpan. \nßƒ kzbw Xs bmbncn pw AXn\v DØc hmzniƒ. F\n v Fs tpmen snbvxv Xo t Xp v. (a ^qkmøv. hm. 9, `m 101-,102) 6

JpXzv_ kw{klw t\cmb am K-Øn apt -dpi C m-e-l- -Ønse Cam-ans\ kzoicn- p-hm-\p ku`mkyw \ In F Xv A mlp \tωmsv ImWn henb HuZm-cy-am-Wv. Cu HuZm-cysØ- p-dn v HclvaZn Hm p-i-bmsw- n PohnXw apgp-h\pw CXn\v Ah \μn tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bmepw axn-bm-ip- -X-. temi-ønse apkvenwi-fpss P\-kwJy Ct mƒ 200 timsn-bn Xmsg-bm-sW- mwv ]d-b-s -Sp- -Xv. 14- mw \q m- n akolpw alvznbpw BK-X-cm-Ipsa aplωzv \_n (k)bpss {]h- N\w F m-h-cp-ssbpw apºnep Xm-Wv. A -Im-c- \n-_n-v-amb Hcp Ime-L- -Øn-\p-tijw Ckvem ans ]p\ P-\-\-Øns Ime- L w XpS-ßp- -Xm-Wv. AXpsIm v alvzn Camw {]Xy- -s - Sp-Ibpw AS-bm-f-ß-sf mw ]pe-cp- Ibpw snbvxm Fs {]nb t{]ansb \nßƒ AwKo-I-cn- Ww F v \_n (k) Xncp-ta\n I ]n- Aao-dp apavan-\o Jeo-^- Øp a-kolv lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv (AøZlp...) 2011 Pq 6 \v akvpnzv ss_øpipiqdn (P a\n) \n hln PpapA JpXzv_bp ss kw{klw p. {]txy-in v Htc da-zm amk- Øn \n nx Xob-Xn-I-fn {]Xy- -s -Sp kqcy-n-{μ-{k-l-w-ßƒ kw`-hn- m ImcWw Cu ASbmfw BIm-i-`qan D m-b-xp-ap-x Hcp hmzn p th nbpw shfn-s - n- n-. hmkvzø ako-lns\ hnizkn- Ww F Xv Xncp-\_n (k)bpss Iev]-\-bm-Wv. hnip Jp B CXn-te v \ΩpsS {i {]txyiw Xncn- p-i-bp- m-bn. Xncp- \_n(k)]d- Xv At±-lsØ A\d-_n-I-fn At\z-jn- -W-sa- m-wv. a p-a-e-bneqss ap p- IpØnt mti- n-h- mepw Xs kemw At±-l-Øn\v FØn- Wsa v ]d- p. Ft mgpw lnzm-b- Øn \ne-\n m\pw lnzm-b- Øn Ncn- m-\p-ap {]m Y- \bpw A mlp apkvenwiƒ v ]Tn- n- p-sim-sp- p-i-bp- m-bn. CsX map m-bn- p-iqsn CtX-hsc At m Btdm ix-am\w Bfp- Iƒ v am{xta Ime-L- -Øns Cam-ans\ Xncn- -dn-bm Ign- n- p- q. apkvenwiƒ "\o Rßsf t\ am KØn \bnt Wta' F {]m Y\ Xß-fpsS \a-kv mc-øn Hcp Znh-kw- Xs ]ehpcp Bh Øn v snm m-dp- v. A m-lp-hn-s bpw \_n (k) s bpw {]h-n-\-ßƒ F m-h-cpssbpw apºn-ep- -Xp-am-Wv. CsX- mam-bn-cp- n- p-iqsn apkvenwi-fn _lp-`q-cn-`m-khpw Ime-L- -Øns 7

Cu Cam-ans\ \ntj-[n- p KW- Øn-emWv Dƒs - n-cn- p- -Xv. shdpw AwKo-I-cn- m-xn-cn- pi F v am{x-a, If-hm- n-ø- p- - Xn Xo{h-amb \ne-]msv FSp-Øv sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. A m-lp-x- Be kzv{]ir-x m-cmb Aap kvenwiƒ pw \nco-iz-c-hm-zn- Iƒ pw ax-\n-tj-[niƒ pw lnzm-bøv \ In-s m- n-cn- p- p. Hmtcm h jhpw Bbn-c- -W- n\v t] Ch-cn \n v AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-A-Øn {]th-in- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. F m \n `m-ky-sa v ]d-b-s apkvenw\ma-[m-cn-ifpw kzm Ycpamb ap m- -fpss ]n mse \S v apkvenwiƒ F v ]d-b-s -Sp Nne Nne ÿeøv Cam-ap- -am- \ns\ FXn p- -Xn F m AXn h-c-ºp-ifpw ewln- n-cn- p-ibm-wv. A mlp a\p-jy-cm-in v lnzmbøv \ Im th n Ab- p Xs hcnjvt Zmk-\mWv Cam-ap- - am. C m-eøv hnip Jp -Bs bpw \_n(k)bpss {]h-n-\-ßfp-ssbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn Ime-L- -Øns Camw \_n (k)bpss {]nb- t{]-an-bmb hmkvzø akolv Xs -bm-wv. At±lw Cu A\p-{Kl-ßƒ Ic-ÿ-am- n-s m v A m-lp-hn \n v Ah-X-cn- n- p XmWv. Cu A\p-{K-l-ßƒ - \_n(k)bpss Ir]m-I-Sm- -Øm Jnbm-a-Øv hsc \ne-\n p- -Xm- Wv. \_n(k) bpss {]h-n-\- {]- Imcw hmkvzø akolv aptj-\- bmwv Cu A\p-{Klw \ne-\n p- I. Cu A\p-{Klw e`n- -W-sa- n At±-lhpambn _ -s p \n t - -Xm-Wv. Ime-L- -Øns Cam-ans\ hniz-kn- m-\p Xu^oJv \ap v A mlp \ In. CXv am{xw axnbm-ip- -X-. \mw Xncp-\_n (k)bpss \n tz-i-a-\p-k-cn v Cu Cam-ans\ hniz-kn- p-i-bp- m-bn. C\n \ap v apt m v IpXn-t - nbn-cn- p- p. apº-tø- m-fp-]cn {i n-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. F m \ Imcy-ß-fnepw A\p-k-cn- p- - Xm-sW \ΩpsS Icm-dn Ft mgpw \ne-\n- Ww. kzndmsø apkvxjo-an Ft mgpw Ncn- p- -h-cmbn \mw amd-ww. AtX-t]mse "hem XaqØp C m ha Xpw apkven aq ' F hnip Jp -Bs Iev]-\-b-\p-k-cn v Pohn- p- -hcmbn amd- -Ww. ]q W-ambpw A\pk-cWw ]pe Øp Ah-ÿ-bn-e- msx \nßƒ acn- -cp-xv F - XmWv AXns A Yw. A m-lp-hns Ir] a\p-jy-cnen-s - n Hcn- epw Ah\v kºq W A\p-k-cWw {]I-Sn- n- m km[y-a-. A m-lp-hns Ir]sb BI jn- p- - Xn\vth n A m-lp-hn-te v Ah\v Xncntb -Xmbn hcpw. AXn-te v {i D m-bns mt bncn- p-hm-\mwv A mlp Cu {]m Y\ \ap v ]Tn- n- p-x- n-cn- p- -Xv. Hmtcm \akv m-c-ønepw Hmtcm di-a- Ønepw \o Rßsf t\ am KØn te v \bnt Wta F ZpB snm -Ww F v Iev]n- p-i-bp- mbn. lnzm-bøv \ Ip- -h A mlp-hm-wv. \mw Bfl-]-cn-tim- [\ \S-Øn-s m v A mlphnt\msp `bw lrz-b- Øn \ne-\n-dp-øn-s m v k am K-Øn \ne-\n-dp-tø- Wta F ZpB ÿnc-ambn snbvxp-simt t]mip-i. CXn- msx a\p-jy\v as mcp tkh-i- `m-h-ønepw ImWmØ Xc-Ønep _ w ÿm]n- pi F Xv hfsc {]bm-kw-xs. ]q W-amb A\p-kcWw {]I-Sn- n- p-sim- p _ w ÿm]n- -W-sa- n A m-lp-hns klmbw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. AXp-sIm v lnzm-bøv tnmznt Xpw klmbw txts Xpw A m-lphnt\m-sm-wv. AXn-\m Ime-L- -Øns Cam-an-t\mSv snbvx ss_a- Øns DS-ºSn bym Y-Øn \ndth- m B{K-ln- p- -h-cm-sw- n \o Rßsf t\ am KØn \bnt Wta F Xns s]mcpƒ IqSn a\- n-em-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. CXns\ pdn v Kl-\-ambn Nn nt - n-bn-cn- p- p. Hcp {]txyi Bth-i-tØmsS Cu ZpB Cc- p- Ibpw sntø- -Xm-bp- v. \mw Ime-L- -Øns Cam-ans\ hnizkn p, F mw XnI p F v [cn- p-sh- -cp-xv. AtXm-sSm w akolv auduzv (A) ÿm]n- n-cn- p \nkm-ap-ambpw \mw _ w ÿm]n-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. CXv A hkn-bøv F {KŸ-Øn At±lw khn-kvxcw {]Xn-]m-Zn- n- p- Jnem-^-Øns \nkm-am-wv. akolv auduzv(a)s\ AwKo-I-cn- p- Hcp hy n, At±lØn\v tijw hcp JpZvd-Øns\ \ntj- [n- p-i-bm-sw- n, F m \ Imcy-ß-fnepw A\p-k-cWw ]pe Øpw F -Xns\ Ah-K-Wn- p-i-bm-sw- n lzvdøv akolv auduzn(a)t\msv a p tkh I`mhß-fn ImWmØ kmtlmzcy _ w apdn- p- -h-\m-bn-øo-cp- - Xm-Wv. hmkvzø ako-lp-ambn _ -s - p-sim v Pohn- p- -Xpaqew e`n- p F m A\p-{K-lß-fn \n pw B hy n AI- - s -Sp-Ibpw snøp- -Xm-Wv. Ft mgpw lnzm-b-øns am Kw At\z-jn- p-sim v CXn- ÿnc-nn-ø-x e`n- m\mbn {]m Yn- p-i F Xv Xs -bmwv Hcp hnizm-kn-bpss A - v. Bflo-b- X-bpsS DØpwK-t{i-Wn-bn FØmØ Hcp km[m-c-w- m-c\v Ft mgpw ssiøm\p-ambn bp w snbvxp-sim- n-cn-t nhcpw. as m-cp-hn-[-øn ]d- m \ - Iƒ snbvxp-sim- n-cp- n pw ssiøm Ahs\ hgn-sx- n- m- \mbn Ahs ]n n IqSp- p. akolv auduzv (A)s\ AwKo-Icn- n- p-iq-sn, Jnem-^-Øn-t\mSv Iqdv ]pe Øn-bn pw kmº-øni Imcyß-fn ] m-fn-i-fm-bn-cp- n- pw Pam- 8

AØo tkh-\-ßƒ snbvxp- sim- n-cp- n pw hjmsd Aa-en ] mfn-i-fm-bn-cp- n- pw ]ecpw Ft msv t\cn v ]d Imcyw Xßƒ \akv m-c-øn Ae-k-cm-sW- m- Wv. \a-kv mcw F Xv a\pjy krjvsn- ns Xs ImX-emb hiam-wv. AXn Ae-k-X-bp-s - n AXv ]Xp-s - -Xps a p \ -Isfbpw Isøm-gn- n- p- -Xm-Wv. Nne ]e \ -Ifpw snøp- -hcmbncn pw. \a-kv m-chpa\p-jvsn- pw. F m Ah Xß-fpsS ho n Xs `mcy-tbmsv \ coxnbn s]cp-am-dp- p- m-hn-. lnzmb-øns am K-Øn \n v hyxn- Nen- p- -h-cmwv Ch-cpw. \o Rßsf t\ am KØn \bnt Wta F v Ah ZpB snøp- p- m-ipw. F m F m Iev]-\- Ifpa\p-k-cn v {]h Øn- p- -h-c-. ImcWw \_n (k) Acp-fn-bn- p- v: ""\nß-fn G hpw DØ-a \nß-fpss IpSpw-_-tØmSv DØ-aco-Xn-bn h Øn- p- -h-\m-wv.'' AXp-sIm v lnzm-b-øns am Kw At\z-jn- p- -h sndnb sndnb Imcy-ßƒ t]mepw {i n- p-sim- v, Hcp hnizm-kn v Xncp- \-_n-(k)tbm-sp kvt\lw ap \n Øn-s m v A m-lphpw A m-lp-hns dkqepw \sω sim p t]mim Dt±-in- p F m am K-ßfpw Ah-ew-_n- m {ian- p- -Xm-bn-cn- pw. \o Rßsf t\ am K Øn \bnt Wta F v \mw ZpB snøp-tºmƒ Xncp-\_n (k) ka n e yhpw ]hn{x amxribpw \ΩpsS apºn D mti- -Xm-Wv. Ah \_n(k)bn \n v A\p-{K-l-ßƒ Ic-ÿ-am- nb klm-_øv \ΩpsS apºmsi ka n- p-sim v A\p- {K-l-Øn\v ]m{x-am-b-h-cpss amxri ImWn- p-x-cn-i-bp- m-bn. B {]h Ø-\-ßƒ C m-eøv hm nepw {]h Øn-bnepw lzvd Øv akolv auduzv(a) \ΩpsS apºmsi {]Z in- n- p-sim v temiøv timsn- -W- n\v apkvenwi-fp- v. \o Rßsf t\ am KØn \bnt Wta F {]m Y\ Ah snm p- p- v. XØ Dcp-hn-Sp- -Xp-t]mse Dcp-hn-Sp- -XpsIm v \a-kv m-c-øn\v tijw ^nxv\bpw ^kmzpw snøp- -Xn-te- mwv Ah-cpsS {i t]mip- -Xv. Pam- A-Øn-s\-Xn-cn Ah-cpsS hmbn \n v Ak-`y-ßƒ am{x-amwv ]pd-s -Sp- -Xv. akvpnzp-i-fn \n p-sim v Ak`yw ]pe-ºp- p. AXp-a-s - n ]c-kv]-c-ap ^nxv\i-fn Ah AI-s - n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. AhcpsS Cu {]h Ø-\-amtWm Ch v ]Tn- n- p-sim- SpØ kzndm-ø apkvxjow F am Kw. A -Im-c-Øn \n v {]Im-i-Ønte v t]mti hgn-iƒ \ap v ImWn- p-x-cn-i-bp- m-bn. Cu amxri kzmb-ø-am- n-s m v akolv auduzv(a)s klm-_m- ƒ Xß-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn ]hn- {X-amb am w hcpøn Bflo-b-XbpsS D X ]Zhn Ic-ÿ-am- p- I-bp- mbn. akolv auduzv (A) Xs klm-_m- tfmspw `mcy-am-tcmspw ho p-im-tcmspw GXp-co-Xn-bnemWv s]cp-am-dm D]-tZ-in- n-cp- Xv F v \ap v t\m mw. Hcn- Hcp klm_n akolv auduzv(a) s khn-[-øn h p-sim v ]d- p. ""Fs `mcy C{Xbpw Imew Ah-fpsS ho n Xma-kn- -Xn-\ptijw Ct m-gmwv h -Xv. C\n Rm Ah-fpsS ho n-te v t]mim A\p-hmZw \ In F v Xocp-am-\n- n-cn- p- p.'' akolv auduzv(a) \v Cu hm p- Iƒ ti v h mø a\x-{]-bm-kambn, apjw Nph- p. F n v ]d- p. ""Fs kz- n \n v Fgpt v t]mip-i. Cu kz- ns\ Cu hm p-iƒ Aip am p-i-bm-wv.'' hfsc i n-bn {]Xn-I-cn- Xp I -t mƒ B klm_n am p tnmzn- p. as m-cp klm_n AhnsS Ccn- p- m-bn-cp- p. At±-lhpw Xs `mcy-tbmsv \ coxn-bn-e h Øn- n-cp- -Xv. At±lw Cu cwkw I -t mƒ AhnsS \n v Fgp-t v Aßm-Sn-bn t]mbn `mcy v th n Ipd v km[-\-ßsf mw hmßn ho n sim pt]mbn simsp-øp. F n v ]d- p:""cxv \n\- p kωm-\-am- Wv.''hfsc kvt\l-tømss kwkm-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. CXvI v `mcy A w-hn v \n p. C v Fs ` Øm-hn\v F v ] n.? C{X henb hnπhw At±-l-Øn Fß-s\-bp- m-bn. Ahƒ ss[cys - p-sim v tnmzn- p. ""\nßƒ s p] n? ''At±lw ]d- p. akolv auduzv(a)s kz n `mcy-tbmsv tami-ambn s]cp-am-dn-b- Xn-s\- p-dn v ]d-b-s - -t mƒ At±l-Øns tim]hpw A\n-jvShpw Rm I n-cn- p- p. Rm CXp hsc \nt msv snbvx sx p-iƒ A mlp s]mdp-øp-x-c-s. \obpw F\n v s]mdpøp Xcn-I. C\n Rm \ coxn-bn h Øn- p- - Xm-Wv. bym Y-Øn Cu am -ß-fmWv lnzm-b-øns am K-Øn-te v \sω sim p-t]m-ip- -Xv. hosp-ifn \n v XpSßn \ΩpsS Np p- ]mspw AXv hym]n- p- p. Aßs\ AXv temi Øv hym]n- p- p. Cu 9

coxn-bn-ep ]cn-h Ø\w D m psa DS-º-Sn-bmWv ss_a-øneqss HclvaZn lzvdøv akolv auduzv(a)apambn snbvxn-cn- p- -Xv. A m-lp-hns kmao-]y- Øns hgn-iƒ CXp-ap-tJ-\-bmWv Xpd- -s -Sp-I. A mlp Ab Hcmsf AwKo-I-cn- p-itbm \nkmap-ambn Xßsf _ n- pitbm am{x-a lnzm-b-øv, adn v XßfpsS Pohn-XsØ AXns A ym- ]-\-a-\p-kcn v {Ia-s -Sp-Øp-Ibpw AXn-\mbn Xßsf ka n- p- Ibpw snøpi F -Xp-am-Wv. Hcp bym Y hnizmkn F v ]d- m Ime-L- -Øns Camans\ hniz-kn- psim v Xs \ bpss \ne-hm-csø Db Øp-hm \nc- -c-ambn ]cn-{i-an- p- -h-\m-bncn- pw. Xs hnizm-k-øn h - \hv hcp-øm th n Ft mgpw Ah ]cn-{i-an- p- -Xm-Wv. A mlp-hn-t\msv C{]-Imcw {]m Yn- p- I. "A m-lpth GsXmcp kzndmsø apkvxjo-an \o Fs \ne-\n-dp-øntbm CXn ]ptcm-k-xn-bn-te v ]Zaq- m Fs \o klm-bn-t -W-ta. XJvhbn apt -dm Ft mgpw ]cn-{i-an- p- -h-\mbn Fs amt - W-ta.' XJvhbn apt -dp h sszh- `-b-øm Ft mgpw hndsim p -h-\m-bn-cn- pw. BcpsS lrz-b-øn-emtwm A m-lphnt\msp `bw A p-cn- p- Xv Ah {kjvsm-hn-t\m-sp ISam ]me-\-øn\v ]cn-{i-an- p-ibpw AXn-\mbn {]m Yn- p-ibpw snøp- -Xm-Wv. AtX-t]mse krjvsn-itfm-sp IS-am-]me\Øn\v ]cn-{ian- p-ibpw snøp- -Xm-Wv. A mlp-hn-t\msv kzndmsø apkvx-joan \ne-\n-dp-tø-wta F v {]m Yn- p Htcm-cp-Øcpw Zo\o tkh-\- cw-køpw \nxyhpw apt dp- -h-cm-bn-cn- pw. \nkzm Y-ambn Zo\ntkh\w snøp- -h-cm-bn-cn- pw. AXp-sIm v Hcp bym Y hnizmkn kzbw kmxzn-i\pw ]cnip- -\p-am-sw v [cn- p- -h-s\- t m-se-bm-i-cp-xv. Xm henb ÿm\øv FØn- -gn-s v [cn- p- -h X\n v ÿmbn-bmb ÿm\w Ic-K-X-ambn-cn- p p F sx n mc-w-bn-emwv. Ah v e`n ÿm\w kpc- n-x-am-sw v Ah Icp-Xp- p. a\p-jy v Cßs\ Hcp Nn Xs Ft msg- nepw h m Ah F{X Xs kmxzn-i-cm-bmepw icn Ah Bflo-b-ambn \mi-a-s- h-cm-sw v a\- n-em- p-i. ssiøms ]nsn-bn-emwv Ah Aa -sx v a\- n-em- p-i. AXpsIm v Ft mgpw Xß-fpsS Bfl- ]-cn-tim-[\ \S-Øp-Ibpw ASpØ ]Z-hn-bn-te v Kan- p-ibpw snøpi F -XmWv Hcp hnizm-knbp-ss ISa. e`n-t ÿm\w e`n- n-cn- p p F v a\- -W v Iq p- -h, Pam-A-Øn\v th n Aev]w tkh\w snbvxp-sim v AXn Al- -cn- p-i-bm-sw- n, Pam-A- Øn\v snbvx tkh-\ßfpw Xs Bcm-[-\-Ifpw axn-bm-b-xm-sw v IcpXn krjvsn-tk-h-\-øn \n v apjw-xn-cn- p-i-bmsw n Cu hy n GsX- nepw Db ÿm\øv icn pw FØn-bn- ps n t]mepw api-fn ]d Nn ImcWw Ct±-l-Øn \n v B ÿm\-sa mw C m-sx-bm-bn- Øo-cp- -Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm v bym Y hnizmkn C v snøp k {]-h Ø-\-ß-sf- p-dn v am{xa Nn n- p-i. Xs ]cy-h-km\w GXp- co-xn-bn-em-bn-cn pw F p- IqSn Nn n- p- -Xm-Wv. ]cy-hkm\w \ m-bn-øo-cp- -Xn\v Ah {]m Yn- p-sim- n-cn- pw. \_n(k)sb mfpw IqSp-X hnip- o-i-cn- p i n a m pw Cu temiøv D m-ip- -X-. \_n(k)bpss hlvbv Fgp- Xp Bƒ Xncp-\-_n-(k)bpsS kmao]yw Ic-ÿ-am- nb hy nbm-bn-cp- p. hlvbv Fgp-Xm Xncp- \_n (k)ft mgpw At±-lsØ B{i-bn- n-cp- p. Cu ÿm\w hy -am- p- Xv Xncp-\-_n(k) v At±-l-Øn hnizm-k-ap- m-bncp p F m-wv. A_vZp- m-ln_v\p D_øv F hlvbv Fgp-Xp hy n-sb- p-dn v henb BZ-chv a p- -h-cpss a\- nepw Xo bmbpw D m-bn-cp- p. ImcWw Ct±lw Xncp-\_n(k)bpsS hlvbv Fgp-Xp Bfm-Wv. F m B hy n-bpss ]cy-h-km\w F mbn. Abmƒ v am K-{`wiw kw`hn- p-ibpw X\n v e`n ÿm\øv \n v \njvim-kn-x-\m-hp- Ibpw snbvxp. CtX-t]mse akolv auduzv(a)s ImeØv At±-l-tØm-Sp kvt\l-øn hf-sc-b-[niw ap I-S- -h-cp- m-bncp- p. F m Ah-cpsS Zu `mkyw Ahsc hgn-ti-sn-em- nb-t mƒ Ah v am K-{`wiw kw`-hn- p-ibpw hmkvzø akolns simsnb i{xp- -fn Dƒs -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. B almflm-hn-s\-xn-cn Xcw- Xm-WXpw \on-hp-amb Bt -]-ßƒ D -bn- p- -h-cpambn- am-dn. \nxyhpw ]pxnb ]pxnb Bt -]-ßƒ Ah D -bn- p- sim- n-cp- p. AXn-\m \o Rßsf t\ am K Øn \bnt Wta F {]m Y\ ]cyh-km\w \ m- p- - Xn-\mbn A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. CXn-s\- p-dn v Nn n- p-ibpw CXv snm p- Ibpw snøp-i. akolv auduzv (A) Hcp ÿeøv ]d-bp- p.""a\pjy Pohn- X-Øns Dt±-iyhpw e yhpw kzndm-ø apkvxjo-an Ncn- pi F Xpw AXv txs-ep-am-wv. AXv Ah-X-cn- n-cn- p- -Xv \o Rßsf t\ am KØn \bn t Wta F hm p-i-fn-emwvv. A mlpth \o Rßƒ v t\cmb am Kw Im n-ø-tc-w-ta. \ns A\p-{Klw e`n- -h-cpss am Kw. Cu {]m Y\ F m ka-bsø \akv m-c-ønepw F m di-a- Ønepw snbvxp-sim- n-cn- p- -Xm- Wv. CXns ASn- -Sn-bp Bh Ø\w Xs CXns {]m[m- \ysø shfn-s -Sp-Øp- -Xm-Wv. 10

\ΩpsS Pam-AØv Hm a-sh- p-i. CXv \n m-c-amb Imcy-a-. XØ-sbt mse Cu hm p-iƒ \mhpsim v Dcp-hn-SpI F -X bym Y e yw. CXv a\p-jys\ ]cn-]q W a\p-jy-\m- m-\p DØ-a -a-cp- pw Hcn- epw ]ng- pt]m-imø Ipdn- -Sn-bp-am-Wv. AXns\ Ft mgpw I apºn sht - -Xm-Wv. Ft mgpw a{ w t]mse P]n- p-sim- n-cn- p-ibpw snøp-i. Cu ZpB aptj\ krjvsn-i-tfm- Sp ISa \nd-th- m Ign-bp- txm-ssm w a\p-jys Ign-hp-Isf ]cn-t]m-jn- n- m\pw km[n- p- - Xm-Wv. akolv auduzv (A) ]d-bp- p. ""Npcp- -Øn Hmtcm a\p-jys bpw bym Y e yw A mlp A\p-{K-ln- -h-cn-ep t{ijvt-x- Ifpw kzndm-ø apkvxjow F - Xn A mlp kqn\ \ Inb Ign-hp-Ifpw Ic-ÿ-am- pi F - XmWv. \ΩpsS Pam-A-Øn-ep h C m-cy-øn-te v {]txyiw {i nt - -Xm-Wv. A mlp Cu Pam- AØv ÿm]n p-sim v Dt±-in- ncn- p- Xv Xncp-\_n(k) D m- nb-xp-t]m-ep Hcp Pam-A-Øns\ hm sø-sp- pi F -Xm-Wv. Cu Ah-km\ ImeØv hnip Jp - B-s bpw Xncp-\_n(k) bpssbpw kxy-øn-s bpw al-xz-øn-s bpw km n-i-fmbn Cu Pam-AØv amdp- -Xn-\m-bm-Wv. Pam-A-Øn Dƒs -Sm Ign-bpI F Xv henb ÿm\-am-sw- nepw Hmtcm hy nbnepw CXv henb DØ-c-hm- Zn-Xz-amWv A n- p- -Xv. hnip Jp Bs bpw \_n(k)bpssbpw kxy-øn-s bpw al-xz-øn-s bpw km n-i-fmbn Hmtcm AlvaZnbpw amtd- -Xm-Wv. Hmtcm AlvaZnbpw hnip Jp B-s bpw Xncp-\_n (k)bptsbpw kxy-øns km n- I-fm-bn-Øo-cp- Xv \o Rßsf t\ am KØn \bnt Wta F {]m Y\ snbvxp-sim v ]ptcm-k-xn-bpss ]S-hp-Iƒ Ib-dptºm-gm-Wv. A\p-{K-ln- -s - -hcpss ]Zhn Ic-ÿ-am- n-s m- ncn- p-tºm-gm-wv. hnip Jp - Bs A ym-]-\sø Xs Pohn- X-Øns `mk-am n am p-tºm-gm-wv. Xncp-\_n(k)bpsS amxr-i-b-\p-kcn v Pohn- m {ian- p-tºm-gm-wv. AXn-\m Cu ÿm\w Ic-ÿ-am- m \mw ]cn-{i-an-t - -Xm-Wv. \mw CXn-\mbn ]cn-{i-an- p-tºmƒ \o Rßsf t\ am KØn \bnt Wta F Xv icn pw {Kln- p- -h-cmbn \mw amdp- -Xm- Wv. lzvdøv akolv auduzv (A)s BK-a-\-e yw ]q Ønbm- p- -h-cmbn \mw amdp- -Xm-Wv. As - n akolv auduzv (A)]d- -Xp-t]mse Cu {]m Y-\bpw XØ Dcp-hn-Sp- -Xp- t]mse shdpw i_vz-ß-fmbn Ah-ti-jn- p- -Xm- Wv. lzvdøakolv auduzv (A)]dbp- p.""a m-lp-hp-am-bp _ - Øn Aev]-sa- nepw ambw Ie Øn-bn- p-s - n Xncn pw AtX {]Xn-I-cWw D m-ip- -Xm- Wv. (A mlp ambw tn p-sa- ]d- -Xv. \nßƒ ambw tn Øp-sIm v A m-lp-hns\ h n- m {ian- m \nß-fpss {]h Ø-\-Øn\v {]Xn-^ew e`n- n-. A mlp F m Imcy-ßfpw Adn-bp- -h-\m-wv.) F m A mlp-hp-am-bp CS-]mSv icn-bm p- Ibpw A m-lp-hp-am-bp _ - Øn \yq\-x-i-sfm pw Cs pw I m A mlp Ah-tcmSv Cu hyxymkw I n- p- -X-. a\pjys lrzbw kzbw Ah\v Hcp IÆm-Sn-bm-Wv. CXn Ah\v k hxpw Z in- m km[n- p- - Xm-Wv. ZpxJ-Øn \n v c {]m]n- m-\p bym Y hgn icnbmw -hæw Xs sx p-ip- -ßƒ s]mdp-øp-x-cm th n A Yn- p- I F -XmWv. Bflm Y-Xbpw Iqdpw ImWn- p-ibpw snøp-i. \nßƒ kzoi-cn- n-cn- p ss_a- Øns Cu am KsØ as m am KsØ- mfpw ap K-W\ \ Ip-I. ImcWw CXn-s\- p-dn v \nßƒ tnmzn- -s -Sp- -Xm-bn-cn- pw.''ft mgpw Bfl ]cn-tim-[\ \S-tØ- Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. temiøv timsn- -W- n\v apkvenwi-fp- v. \o Rßsf t\ am KØn \bnt Wta F {]m Y\ Ah snm p- p- v. XØ Dcp-hn-Sp- -Xp-t]mse Dcphn-Sp- -Xp-sIm v \a-kv m-c-øn\v tijw ^nxv\bpw ^kmzpw snøp- -Xn-te- mwv Ah-cpsS {i t]mip- -Xv. Pam-A-Øn-s\-Xn-cn Ah-cpsS hmbn \n v Ak-`yßƒ am{x-amwv ]pd-s -Sp- -Xv. akvpnzp-i-fn \n p-sim v Ak`yw ]pe-ºp- p. AXp-a-s - n ]c-kv]-c-ap ^nxv\i-fn Ah AI-s - n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Ah-cpsS Cu {]h Ø-\-amtWm Ch v ]Tn- n- p-sim-spø kzndm- Ø apkvxjow F am Kw. At b. \ΩpsS apºn-ep kzndmsø apkvxjow F am Kw ark kz`m-h-øn \n v Ic-I-b n a\p-jy-\m- n-øo p- Xpw hnzym-k-º- -\mb a\p-jys\ sszhni a\p-jy-\m- n-øo p- - Xp-am-Wv. Cu amxri \ΩpsS apºmsi GtXm IY-bpsS cq]-øne D -Xv. \mw ChnsS h v Ipd v IY ti v F mw Bbn F A Y- Øn-e-. Cu amxr-i-i-sf mw {]mh Øn-I-am- m t{]cw e`n- p- -Xn\v th n-bm-wv. C m-cyßƒ {]mh ØnIam- m\mwv lzvdøv akolv auduzv (A)C meøv \tωmsv ss_aøv hmßnbn-cn- p- -Xv. Cu Hcp hnim-csø \ne-\n-dp-øn-s m v hnip Jp - Bs A ym-]-\-a-\p-k-cn v {]h Øn- m am{xta ss_a- Øns am KsØ ap n- m Ignbp-I-bp- q. AX- msx \mw timsn- -W- n\v XhW \o Rßsf t\ am KØn \bnt Wta F {]m Y\ Bh Øn p F - XvsIm v A mlp Xr]vX-\m-Ip-Ibn-. CXn-\p-th- n-bp {]h Ø- \hpw A m-lp-hn-t\msv kzndmsø apkvxjo-an \ne-\n Øm\pw 11

AXv e`n- m\pw snøp lrz-bm- -cm-f-ß-fn \n v \n K-an- p {]m Y-\-Ifpw A m-lp-hns kmao]yw Ic-ÿ-am- p- -Xn\v Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp- -Xm-Wv. AX- msx akolv auduzv (A)]d- - Xp-t]mse \nßƒ tnmzn- -s -Sp- - Xm-Wv. \nß-fpss hmzøns\-xn-cmbn-cn pw \nß-fpss {]h Ø\w. AXn-\m Hmtcm {]m Y-\-tbm-sSm- hpw ]cn-{i-ahpw kzp-t±-iyhpw \n _- -am-wv. Hcp apavans ÿm\-]-z-hnsb pdn v akolv auduzv (A) ]d-bp p: Hcm-fpsS ] bym Y \ -bpss tijcw Cs - n Ah apavan\-. AXp-sIm- mwv \o Rßsf t\ am K Øn \bnt Wta F ZpB kqdm ^mxzn-lm-bn A mlp ]Tn- n- n-cn- p- -Xv. a\p-jy If-hv, hy`n-nmcw t]mep henb henb ]m]-ßƒ Dt]- n- pi F Xv am{xw \ -bmbn ]cn-k-wn- cpxv. \o A\p{Kln hcpss am KØn F Xn ]d A\p-{K-lw {]txyi hkvxp-hm-sw pw AXv Ic-ÿ-am- m-øn-s-tømfw Imew \ -bp- -hs\ pw kmxzn-is\ pw ]d-b-s -Sm ] n- F pw a\- n-em- pi. t\m pi, Fs \o Zp \-S- p-im-cnepw sxωm-sn-ifnepw Dƒs -Sp-Ø-cp-tX F ZpBb ]Tn- n- Xv. adn v A\p-{Klw e`n- -h-cn Dƒs -Sp-tØ-Wta F v ]d-bm-\mwv ]d- -Xv. AXpsIm v H p-c v \ -Iƒ snbvxm t]mcm, bym Y hnizmkn v \ -I-fpsS Hcp tijcw Xs Ah-t\m-sSm w D m-bn-cnt - -Xm-Wv. \ -bpss Cu tijcw A m-lp-hn-s bpw krjvsn-i-fp-ssbpw IS- m-sp-iƒ \n h-ln- p- -Xn-eq-sSbpw hnip Jp -Bs Iev]-\-Iƒ \nd-th- p- - Xn-eq-sS-bp-amWv e`n- p- -Xv. lzvdøv akolv auduzv (A)]d-bp- p.""hm p-i. ]cn-ip- nbp-ssbpw \ -bp-ssbpw ASn-thcv A m-lp-hn-ep hnizm-k-am-wv. A m-lp-hn-ep hnizmkw _elo-\-am-ip- -X-\p-k-cn v kzv{]- h Ø-\-ß-fnepw _e-lo-\-xbpw Ae-k-Xbpw D m-ip- -Xm-Wv. hnizmkw kpzr-v-am-ip-ibpw A m-lp-hns\ k hkpw-ßfmepw ZrV-ambn hniz-kn- p-ibpw snøp-i-bm-sw- n AXv`p-X-I-camb am w a\p-jys {]h Ø-\- Øn Zriy-am-Im Ign-bp- -Xm- Wv. A m-lp-hn hniz-kn- p- h\v Xn snøm km[n- p- -X-. ImcWw Cu hnizmkw Ahs tztl- -I-fmb i n-tbbpw Xn snøp Ah-b-h-ß-fpsS Rc-ºp- I-tfbpw apdn- p-i-f-bp- p. t\m qi, Bcp-sS-sb- nepw IÆv Nqgvs -Sp-Øm Abmƒ v Zp t\m w snøm km[n ptam? IÆp-sIm- p Xn Ah-s\- ßs\ snøm km[n- pw.? CtXt]mse ssi ap-dn- p- I-f- m, ssewkni i n apdn- p -I-f- m Cu Ah-b-h-ß-fp-ambn _ -s Xn -Iƒ Ah\v Fßs\ snøm km[n- pw? CtX-t]mse Hcp a\p-jy apxvac F Ahÿ {]m]n- p- I-gn- m \^vsk apxvac Ahs\ A -\m- p- -Xm-Wv. Ahs IÆp-I-fn ]m]w snøm- \p i n Ah-ti-jn- p-i-bn-. Ah\v ImgvN-bp-s - nepw ImWp- n-. ImcWw IÆp-sIm- p Xn -bpss B i n FSpØp am - s - n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Ah\v snhn-bps - nepw _[n-c-\m-bn-cn- pw. Xn bp-ambn _ -s Imcy-ßƒ Ah\v tiƒ m Ign-bn-. CtXt]mse Ahs tztl- Ifpw hnim-c-ßfpw B -cni i n- Ifpw F mw apdn v am -s -Sp- p. Xn {]Xy- -s -Sm km[y-x-bp- m-bn-cp k h Ah-b-hßƒ pw Hcp acww kw`-hn- p- p. Aßs\ Ah Hcp aø-øns\-t mse Bbn-Øo-cp- p. A mlp-hns CjvS-Øn-\-\p-k-cn- m-bncn pw Ah {]h Øn- p-i. Ah-\n- msx Hc-Sn-t]mepw sh m Ah\v km[y-a-. A mlp-hn bym Y hnizm-k-ap- m-iptºm-gp Ah-ÿ-bm-Wn-Xv. CXns ^eambn ]cn-]q W kwxr]vxn Ah\v e`y-am-ip- p. a\p-jys bym Y e yw Cu ÿm\w Ic-ÿ-am- pi F -Xmbn-cn- -Ww. ]d-bp- p:""\ωpss Pam-A-Øn\v CXns Bh-iy-am-Wp- -Xv. ]cn- ]q W kwxr]vxn ssih-cn- m ]cn-]q W hnizmkw A\n-hm-cy-am- Wv. AXp-sIm v \ΩpsS Pam-A- Øns {]Y-a-amb DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw, A m-lp-hn bym Y hnizmkw Ah Ic-ÿ-am- pi F -Xm-Wv. hniz-kn- m am{xw t]mcm. hnizmkøns Cu \ne-hmcw \mw Icÿ-am-t - -Xm-Wv.'' lzvdøv akolv auduzv (A) \Ωn ImWm B{K-ln- p D -X-ÿm-\-am-Wn-Xv. \ap v \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn ]cn-ip- -amb am w hcp-øn-s m v Cu ÿm\w Ic-ÿ-am- m A mlp Xu^oJv \ Ip-am-dm-I-s. A m-lp-hp-ambp _ -Øn apt -dp hcmbn \mw amd-s. A mlp GsXmcp lnzm-b-øn-emtwm \sω \ne-\n-dp-øn-bn-cn- p- Xv GsXmcp A\p-{K-l-amtWm Ah \tωmsv snbvxn-cn- p- Xv B A\p-{K-l- Øn\pw ]mcn-txm-jn-i-øn\pw \μn {]I-Sn- n- p- -h-cmbn, A m-lphns Iev]\-I-fn apt -dp- -hcmbn \mw amds. \ΩpsS a -fn AlvaZn-ø-Øns A\p-{K-lsØ \ne-\n Øp- -Xn-\p -th n \mw \ pss {]b-xv\-ønepw ZpBbnepw Hcn- epw Ae-k-cm-Im-Xn-cn- s. `uxni kpjm-vw-_-c-ßfp Cu \msp-iƒ \sω \ΩpsS e y-øn \n pw AI- p- hcm mxn-cn- -s. A mlp \ap- - Xn-\p Xu^oJv \ Ip-am-dm-I-s. hnh: auehn Fw. \mkn AlvaZv 12

tej\w aplωzv \_n(k): lrzblmcnbmb sszhzqx GXv a\pjyt\bpw kzm[o\n p AXyp Xamb kmxzni hnip nbp dkq Xncpta\n(k)bpsS PohnXw am\hobxbpss kºq W amxribmbncp p. ]mh\amb B PohnXw a\pjy lrzbßsf B {Z]qcnXam pibpw a\pjys\ Znhy\m n am pibpw snøp p. Ckvemw axøns hnip \mb ÿm]i dkq Xncpta\n (k) Xs apgppohnxhpw sszhøn\v th n ka n Hcp almxvamhm bncp p. Zcn{Zmhÿbn Hcp A\mY\mbn mbncp p AhnSp v P\n Xv. PohnXØnsemcn epw Xncpta\n(k) hbdv \nd v Blm cw Ign ncp n. Hcn epw hne IqSnb hkv{xßƒ [cn ncp n. Hcp cmpm[ncmps\ t]mse P\ ßƒ At±lsØ kiexpw \ In BZcns nepw At±lw Znhw KX\mbt mƒ Hcp Nn n mip t]mepw kz ambn n mbncp p. AhnSpsØ hkxn Nfn sim v \n an Hcp Iqcbmbncp p. ] n Xs bmbncp p AhnSsØ Z _m. knwlmk\amis Nc ]min an\pkam nb \nehpw. ]p psim v \n an Xmbncp p dkq Xncpta\n(k)bpsS iø. kz w Icßƒ Xs bmbncp p dkq Xncp ta\n(k)bpss Xebn W. amkßtfmfw ]pibpbcmø B Iqcbn ]mniw snøm H pap mbncp n. B IpSpw_w B n ]m sim pw A w Imc sim pw hni I n. AXp an møt mƒ ] nwn InS p. A 13 F.Pn kq^n hnspsø ]Xv\nam v ho ptpmen mcn mbncp p. ] p hkv{xß fn. B`cWßfn. Xmgv Xpw hneipd Xpambncp p Ahcp ss hkv{xßƒ. XncpZqX Hcp Xcn kz Wtam sh ntbm kq n ncp n. Xncpta\n(k) v e`n sx mw ]mhßƒ pw Zcn{Z pw \ In. AhnSp v hns]dbp tºmƒ ho n Ahtijn ncp Xv GXm\pw awn _m enbpss [m\y ßƒ am{xambncp p. Xncpta\n(k) BtcmKy ZrUKm{X\pw a[y\nebn Dbc ap Bfpambncp p. Ab apsnbpw CSXq XmSnbpw \o aq pw IdpØ at\mlcamb aoibpw \o p saen ]pcni ßfpw hnimeamb s\ nøs ßfpap AhnSsØ XncpapJw AXoh kpμchpw AXntesd BI jihpambncp p. \SØw A w thkønepw kwkmcw ]Xps bpambncp p. A]cnNn X\mIs ]cnnnx\mis Bsc I mepw AhnSp v Hcp sndp ]p ncntbmss BfpIsf A`n hmzyw snbvxp kzoicn pibpw AhcpsS Icw {Kln pibpw snøpambncp p. Ah ]dbp sx mw {i tbmss am]q hw tiƒ pw. AhcpsS klmbm`y Y\Ifn \nt m Bhiyßfn \nt m Hcn epw apjw Xncn n cp n. Hcmƒ v ssisimsp Øm ssi ]n hen q Xv Hcn epw At±lambncn n. AhnSp sø PohnXw AXy w a[pchpw efnxhpw AXy w a[ptcmzm Øhpambncp p. F{X {Iqcambn s]cpamdnbh pw F{X henb sx v snbvxh pw am p \ Im \pw s]mdpøpsimsp m\pw At±lw kzm k \mbncp p. A]q hw kμ `ßfn simsnb ]m]nisf am{xta At±lw in n ncp p q. AXpw s]mdpatb mƒ in bmwv Abmfn GsX nepw ]cnh Ø\w \SØp hm km[yxbp Xv F ZrV t_m yw hcp psh n am{xw. AhnSsØ Nn bpw hm pw {]h Ønbpsa mw A mlphn\v th nbmbncp p. PohnXØn as mcp e yhpw At±lØn \p mbncp n. sszhøns Xr]vXn am{xambncp p AhnSp v At\zjn Xv. At±lw lpssz _nbbn i{xp fpambn k n snbvsx n AXv A mlphn\v th nbmbncp p. k nbnse Icm hyhÿ apkvenwisf kw_ n nstømfw Xo v Whpw AtcmNIhpambncp p.

AXmbXv lpssz_nøm k n {]Imcw apkveniƒ IAv_ hew sh p Xv XSbs ncn p. apl ΩZv \_n (k) bpss AcnIte v XßfpsS c nxm mcpss kωxan msx B Xs h m epw Ah XßfpsS c nxm fnte v as n Xncn b s Sp XmWv. hfsc thz\mp\ Ihpw Xs A\pbmbnIfpsS hnimcsø {hws SpØp Xmbn I n piqsn At±lw B Icm kzoicn p, ]men p. ]Xn\mbncw A\pNc mtcm ssm w Xs Xnckv cn P tk lamb a bnte v sn p. AXn{Iqcambn mbncp p a m At±ltØmSv s]cp amdnbxv. ]t At±lØn\v IogSßnb a m s mw At±lw am v \ IpIbmWp mbxv. Xs ImcpWyheb Øn a msc AW p \n Øn. a m Xs bpw, Xs A\pNc mscbpw AXn`bm\Imw hn[w ]oun n ncp p. B{^n ASnabmbncp Xs {]nbs A\pNc _nem {IqcXbpsS G hpw lo\am KßfneqsS bmbncp p ]oun n s Xv. Hcn ]pdøv Nm hm sim Sn v _nem (d) s\ Np p ]gpø ]qgnbn InSØn. At±l Øn\p ta `mcap I psh p. GI sszhøn hnizkn p Ibpw aplωzv \_n(k)sb sszh ZqX\mbn kzoicn Xpambncp p At±lw snbvx Ip w. a msc kam[\øns am KØnte v Wn m\p ]XmI ASna bmb B B{^n \ot{km bpss ssibnembncp p Xncpta\n (k) G n Xv. CIvcna, {]hmnit\msv Atß b w {IqcX Im pibpw ]Ish p ]pe ØpIbpw snbvx G hpw henb i{xphmb A_qP lens ]p{x\mbncp p. a dkq (k) Xncpta\n v IogSßnb hnhc adn t mƒ CIvcna a bn \n pw A_n ko\nbbnte v HmSn c s SpIbmbncp p. CIvcnabpsS ]Xv\n a\ psim v apkvenambncp p. Ah Xncp\_n (k) tbmsv tnmzn p: A tbm XncpZqXsc! Xm ƒ Fs ` Ømhv CIvcna v s]mdpøp simsp nt?. Xo bmbpw!. ho pw Ah tnmzn p. Aapkv enambnsim v Cu a bn Xmakn m Xm ƒ At±lsØ A\phZn nt?. AsX Xo bmbpw. dkq Xncpta\n (k) adp]sn ]d p. Ah Xncn p t]mbn Xs ` Ømhns\ a bnte v Iq ns m v h p. CIvcna Xs ]Xv\n]d sx mw Xncp\_n(k)bpsS Xncp apjøv \n p Xs tiƒ Wsa mbn. At±lw dkq Xncpta\n(k) bpss ASpsØØn tnmzn p: Aßv F\n v t]mepw s]mdpøp Xcp Xmbn Fs `mcy Ft msp ]d p. Xncp\_n(k) ]d p: AtX, CIvcna. At±lw At mƒ Xs Ckvemw axw kzoicn p. Xncpta\n(k) Xs Xs Xncp hkv{xw sim v CIvcnasb ]px n p. AhnSp v Acpfn apkvenambns m v B Fs bsp h mepw Ah Ft msp IqsSbp h\mwv. Fs hosv Ahs hosmwv. l m, Xncp\_n(k) bpss {]nb]p{xnbpss acwøn\v Imc W mc\mb Hcp i{xphmbn cp p. Cdm\nte v HmSnt mhm Xocpam\n l m asßn h v dkq (k) Xncpta\ntbmSv am n\v At] n p. Xncpta\n (k) At± løn\v s]mdpøp simspøp. lnμv, A_q kp^nbms `mcy bmbncp p. lnμpw ASnabmb hlvinbpambncp p Xncp\_n (k) bpss AΩmh\pw AhnSp v AXy[nIw kvt\ln hy n bpamb lwkm (d) sb ilozm pibpw At±lØns ]mh\ icocw hnirxam pibpw snbvx Xv. Ch c v t] pw Xncp\_n (k) am v \ In. a mc\mb as mcp i{xqhm bncp p ssi_. lhmkns IqsS tn v dkq Xncpta\n (k)sb h[n m\p Htcsbmcp hnnmctømss Pzen p hntzz jhpambn Abmƒ ]Ss mcpßn. ssi_ dkq Xncpta\n (k)sb kao]n t mƒ At±lw Hcp i w ti p: ssi_m hcq AcnIn te v hcp. {]hmni Xncpta\n (k) AcnInte v hnfn p. B ]hn{x Icßƒ \o n ssi_sb BenwK\w snbvxp. ssi_m BI mss amdnt mbn. At±l Øn\nt mƒ Htcsbmcp Nn am{xtabp p. B Nn F m swt m, Xs PohnXw dkq Xncpta\n (k) v th n Fßs\ sb nepw ka n Wsa Nn am{xw!!. dkq Xncpta\n (k) Znhw KX\mIp Xn\v A Znhkw apºv At±lw Acpfn: Rm BtcmsS nepw Fs nepw sx v snbvxn ps n Ah v Ft msv {]XnImcw tnmzn m\p kμ `amwnxv. IqSnbncp hsc mw lrzmbmephmb Xß fpss {]nbs {]hmnis Cu hm piƒ ti v hnxpºn c p. At mgxm Hcmƒ apt m v IS v h v AhnSpsØ ssiap v X n h v \n p. Xncpta\n (k) At±l tømsv ]d p: Xm ƒ v Fs ssisim v Fs nepw thz\ X nbn ps n Ft msv {]Xn Imcw tnmzn mw. ]Icw Fs thz\n n mw. dkq Xncpta\n (k) tbmsv {]XnImcw Xo m h B a\pjys A Øc Øn tim]mipecmb A\pNc m A w hn pamdn \n p. B a\pjy ]d p: Fs \Kv\ icocøns ]pdømbncp p Xm sfs ASn Xv. Xm fpss icocamis hkv{xw sim v aqsnbncn p p. {]hmni Xs Ip mbapb Øn. F mh cpw AXv`pXkvX_vZcmbn. {]Xn 14

Imcw snøm h p\n B a\pjys inc v Ip\n p. B ]qta\nbn At±lw apøan p. Xncpta\n(k)sb AKm[ambn kvt\ln B a\pjys Zo L \mfsø B{Klambncp p \Kv\ amb B ]pwyicocøn H p Npw_n pi F Xv!! XncpZqX (k) ipnnxzsø Atßb w CjvSs p. hm nepw Nn bnepw {]h Ønbnepw hkv{x [mcwønepw icoc Ønepw ho nepw ] nbnepw sxcphnepw ]cnip n ImWm At±lw B{Kln p. ` Ww Ign p Xn\v apºpw Ign Xn\v tijhpw {]m Y\ v apºpw At±lw AwKip n hcpøn bncp p. F mh pw kpjhpw t a hpw h pimwm\mbncp p Xncp ta\n (k) A`nejn Xv. an{xhpw i{xphpw F mhcpw Xncp\_n (k)bpss ImcpWyhebØn embncp p. A\pbmbnIfpw _ p fpw Ab ] mcpw A] cnnnxcpamb F mhtcmspw hfsc lrzyambn mbncp p AhnSp v s]cpamdnbxv. Xncpta\n(k) kzbw Xs Xs AXnYnIfpsS Bh iyßƒ Xnc pibpw ]mhß fpss Bhiyßƒ \nh Øn p simsp pibpw snøpambncp p. Hcn Hcp {]mirx tkm{x apjy AhnSpsØ kμ in p. At mƒ AhnsS Hcp Iq w BSpIƒ tabp Xmbn At±lw I p. AXnsem v Xncpta\n(k) bpss kωm\ambn X\n v Xc Wsa v Abmƒ ]d p. Xncp ta\n (k) At±lØn v Hcp BSn s\ \ In. At±lw Xs tkm{x Øn Xncns Ønbt mƒ ]d p: aplωzn\v Xs sszh Øn hfsc hnizmkaq v. At±lØn\v Zmcn{ZysØ ] n bmsxmcp `bhpan. Xncpta\n (k) Ft mgpw Xs hm p ]men p. Hcn epw Icmdp Iƒ ewln n. ssj_ bp hnpbøn\v tijw Hcp B nsb Ckvemw axw kzoicn p. Hcp blqz apjys BSpIsf bmbncp p Abmƒ t\m n \SØnbncp Xv. {]hmnit\msv At±lw ]d p: F\n v Fs P\XbpsS ASptØ v Ct mƒ t]mim km ya. Fs ]gb bpam\s BSpIsfbpw sim v Rms\ p snøpw? dkq Xncpta\n(k) At±ltØmSv ]d p: ssj_dn\v A`napJambn \n Øn B B n ] ßsf sxfn pi. Ah XßfpsS DSa ÿs ASp FØns m pw. A{]Imcw Xs Ah XßfpsS DSaÿs ASp FØn tncpibpw snbvxp.!! lpssz_nø k n v tijw FXn ] Øp Hcmƒ Ckvemw axw Bt«jn pibp mbn. apkvenwitfmsv kwc Ww Bhiys p. Abmsf ho pw kz w tkm{xønte v Xncn b m Abmƒ a Zn s Sp sa pd mbncp p. a mcp ambp m nb Icmdns ASn ÿm\øn Ckvemw axw kzoi cn n pw \_n (k) Abmsf Xncn b p. sszhøn hnizmk a n v kz w tkm{xønte v Xncn v t]mim\mbncp p dkq Xncpa\n (k) bpss I \. dkq Xncpta\n(k)bpsS i{xp ƒ t]mepw AhnSpsØ D Xamb [m ani aqeyßsf pdn v \ Xv am{xta kwkmcn n p q. ss_km nbw N{Ih Ønbmbncp sldm ob n\v XncpZqX (k) Hcp FgpØb p Ibp mbn. At mƒ \KcØnep mbncp Hcp Ad_n I hs kwlsø cmpmhv sim mcøn te v hnfn n p. AXns t\xmhv At mƒ \_n Xncpta\n(k) bpss ITn\ i{xphmbncp A_qkp ^nbm\mbncp p. Ahcn \n pw \_n(k)xncpta\nsb ] nadnbp Ibmbncp p cmpmhns Dt±iyw. cmpmhv A_q kp^nbmt\msv Nne tnmzyßƒ tnmzn pibpw At± lw AXn\v DØcw \ IpIbpw snbvxp. AXv C{]Imcw tcjs Sp Ønbncn p p. lndm nbkv: kzbw {]hmn I\msW v AhImis Sp Hcmsf Xm ƒ Adnbptam? At± lw GXv IpSpw_Øn \n mwv hcp sx v Xm fdnbptam? A_qkp^nbm : Adnbmw. At±lØnt Xv hfsc Ipeo\ amb Hcp IpSpw_amWv. lndm: CXn\v apºv GsX nepw Ad_nIƒ CØcØnep Ah Imi hmzw ]pds Sphn pi bp mbncpt m? A_p: C. sldm: At±lØns ]q hni cn Bsc nepw cmpm mtcm `cwm[nimcnitfm D mbncp t m? A_q: C. sldm: At±lØns A\p bmbniƒ kº cpw i mcp amtwm? AtXm ]mhßfpw km[p fpamtwm? A_q: Ahcn A[nI t]cpw Xmsg nsbnep ]mhßfmwv. sldm: AhcpsS FÆw IqSn hcpt m, Ipdbp pthm? A_q: AhcpsS FÆw IqSn hcp p. lndm: Ft msg nepw At±lw Icm ewln n pt m? A_q: C, C v hsc ewln n n. sldm: At±lw F mwv ]Tn n p Xv? A_q: \mw Hcp sszhsø am{xta Bcm[n mhp F pw Aht\mSv ka msc tn cpsx pw At±lw D]tZin p p. \mw kxyw ]dbwsa pw ZpcmNmcßfpt] n Wsa pw \mw a p hsc _lpam\n W sa pw Ah v \ snøw sa pw IcmdpIƒ ]men W sa pw ]Tn n p p. D]kwlcn p sim v slcm n b v cmpmhv ]d p. Rm 15

BZyw At±lØns IpSpw _sø ] nbmwv \nßtfmsv tnmzn Xv. {]hmni m Ft mgpw Ipeo\ IpSpw_Øn \n mwv hcni. Rm ]n osv \nßtfmsv tnmzn Xv At±lØn\v apºv h hcpw CØcØn {]hmn IXzw hmzn n pt msb mwv. C F mwv \nßƒ ]d Xv. Rm Cu tnmzyw tnmzn m ImcWw h hcpw CXn\v apºv CØcw hmzhpambn h n ps n Abmsf t]mse Ct±lhpw B ]mx ]n pscp psh v ]dbmambncp p. Rm ]n osv \nßtfmsv tnmzn Xv At±lw Ifhv ]dbmdpt m F mwv. \nßƒ ]d p C F v. sszhw Ab Hcmƒ Ifhv ]dbn F v F\n v DØa hnizmkw D mbn cp p. Fs ASpØ tnmzyw At±lØns ]q h ]nxm fnemsc nepw `cwm[nimcw ssi bmfnbncpt m F mbncp p. \nßfpss adp]sn C F mbn cp p. CXn \n pw At±lØn s hn\jvsamb km{ampyw hos Sp m\ At±lØns AhImihmZw F v F\n v a\ nembn. Fs ASpØ tnmzyw At±lØns A\pbm bniƒ kº cpw i cpamtwm F mwv. \nßfpss adp]sn Ahcn A[nIwt]cpw ]mh ßfpw Xmsg nsbnep Bfp IfpamsW mbncp p. AØc m Xs bmwv Hcp {]hmni s A\pbmbnIƒ. Fs as mcp tnmzyw At±lØns A\pbmbn Iƒ IqSn hcpt m Ipd p hcpt m F mbncp p. \nßfp ss DØcw IqSn hcp p F m bncp p. {]hmni mcpss A\p bmbniƒ IqSnhcnIbmWv snøp I. At±lw Ft msg nepw Bfp Isf h n n pt m F tnmzy Øn\v C F mbncp p \nß fpss adp]sn. CXv kmxznicpss `mhamwv. Ct±lw Hcp kxy {]hmni\msw v Rm IcpXp p. Ct±lw \ΩpsS ImeØv Xs {]Xy s Sp Hcp {]hmn I\msW v F\n nßs\ A [ {]Xo D mbncp p. ]t At±lw Atd_ybnembncn p sa v \mw IcpXnbn. \nßƒ ]d Xv icnbmsw n At±l Øns km{ampyw Cu cmpysø bpw Ihn v \n pw!. Xncpta\n (k) sszhøn am{xw hnizkn pibpw Ahs\ am{xw `bs SpIbpw snbvxp. At±lØn\v Xs ZuXyØn kºq W hnizmkap mbncp p. Xs F m hnpb {]Xo Ifpw sszhøn am{xamwv A n n cp Xv. At±lØns PohnXØn se Hmtcm Znhkhpw Hmtcm awn qdpw Hmtcm \nanjhpw sszhsø kq n ncp p. At± lw Ccn ptºmgpw \n p tºmgpw \S ptºmgpw Ddßm t]mhptºmgpw DW mepw, Blcn ptºmgpw hn{ian p tºmgpw ho n \n v Cdßp tºmgpw ho nte v Xncn p hcptºmgpw ] nbn \n v Cdßptºmgpw kplrøp sf ImWptºmgpw th ]ncnbptºmgpw kphm ØIƒ tiƒ ptºmgpw ]pxp hkv{xw [cn ptºmgpw aeaq{x hnk P\Øn\v t]mip tºgpw Npcp Øn PohnX Øns F m AS ßfnepw A\ ßfnepw {]txyiamb {]m Y\Iƒ \SØnbncp p. kpzo Lambpw ÿncambpw At±lw {]m Yn mdp mbncp p. Nnet mƒ cm{xn apgph\pw At±lw {]m Y\bn apgpin. hmkvxhøn At±lØns apgppohnxhpw sszhkvacwbn \nakv\\mbncp p. {]hmni sszhsø am{x amwv `bs ncp Xv. lhmkne bp Øn apkvenw ssk\yw Nn `n ambn. bp føn {]hmni\pw hncenseæmhp GXm\pw klm_nifpw am{xw. FXncmfnIƒ CcphiØv \n pw ich jw Bcw`n p. {]hmni A_q_ dnt\msv Xs timh IgpXsb hn pxcm ]d p. AXn\v ]pdøv IbdnIpXnap Sn psim v At±lw apt m v IpXn p. At±lw C{]Imcw Dcphn p. Rm {]hmni\mwv Rm I hmznb. Rm A pƒ apøen_ns ai\m Ip p. Hcn azo\bnse apkvenw Iƒ `oicamb Hcp B{IaWw {]Xo n ncn bmbncp p. Ah cm{xn apgph\pw Dd samgn ncp p. Hcp cm{xnbn Hcp A]mb shfn w ]pdøv ImWpI bp mbn. apkvenwifn Nne B shfn w I `mkøv At\z jn m t]mbn. DS Xs IpXnc pdøv Hcmƒ IpXn v hcp Xmbn I p. AXv Xncp\_n (k) Bbncp p. At±lw ]d p: `bs Sms\m pan, At± lw GI\mbn H v IpXnc pd Øv A]mb kqn\ e`n ÿew kμ in v hcnibmbncp p. Zcn{ZctcmSv Atßb w Imcp Wyw Im nb Bfmbncp p Xncp ZqX (k). ]W m ]mhßsf A meøv Xosc {i n ncp n. kº mcpss kzøn Hcp ] v Zcn{Z p XmsW v At±lw Xm oxv snbvxp. ]W m ]W mcmbncn p Xv ]mhßfpss snehnemswt m Wsa m IqSn At±lw ]d p. AhnSp v Hcn epw kz Wtam, sh ntbm ho n kq n ncp n. AsX mw In nb apd v AhnSp v ]mh ßƒ v hnxcww snøpambncp p. Hcn azo\bn Hcp tkm{xw hcnibp mbn. Ahsc mw Zcn{Z cmbncp p. ] nwn t meßfmb AhcpsS apjw Ahc\p`hn p Zmcn{ZyØns Xo{hX hnfn p ]dbp hbmbncp p. Ahsc I v {]hmnis lrzbw h m sx thz\n p. At±lw Akzÿ NnØ\mbn. AhnSp v apkvenw 16

Isf apgph ] nbnte v hnfn n p. ]Wtam hkv{xtam [m\ytam CuØ gtam F m twm \nßfpss ssibnep Xv AsX mw sim p hcni. F v B m]n p. Nne hkv{xßfpw Blmchpw [m\yßfpw sim p h p. AXn Hcmƒ henb kz W \mwbßƒ sim p h p F mw AhnSpsØ apºn Ian p IqSn. AhnSpsØ hz\w ]q W N{μs\t]mse kwxr]v Xnbm {]Imi ]q Wambn. F mw Xs B ]mhßƒ v hnxcww snbvxp. A\ysc AIagn v kvt\ln m {]hmni (k) A\pbm bnisf DZvt_m[n n p sim n cp p. Hcmƒ X\n v Fs m mtwm CjvSs Sp Xv AXv Xs ktlmzc\v th nbpw CjvSs SWw F mbncp p Xncpta\n(k)bpsS D]tZiw. At±lw Hcn ]d p: Hcp apkvenant\msv as mcp apkvenw bp w snøpi F Xv Ip^v BWv. (A\nkvemanIw) apkvenw ktlmzcs\ NoØ ]dbpi F Xv as mcp apkvenan\v ]m]amwv. Hcp apkvenan\v as mcp apkvenant msv aq v Znhk tømfw shdp v sh p ]pe ØpI F Xv \njn amwv. apkvenwifnsecmƒ as m cmƒ v A`nhmZyw snøwsa pw ssisimsq Wsa pw D]lmcw \ IWsa pw ` WØn\v Wn Wsa pw tcmknisf ip{iqjn Wsa pw acw ip {iqjifn ]s Sp W sa pw D]tZin pibp mbn. a\pjy hwitømsv Ft mgpw A\pIº bp miwsa v XncpZqX (k) D]tZin p. i{xphnt\msv t]mepw \oxn ]q ha msx s]cpamdcpxv. kaqløn ip n ]cøwsa pw ]mhßsf Du pibpw snø Wsa v At±lw A\pbmbnIsf DZvt_m[n n p. Hcp \nbaw ]ckyambn ewln p htcms msx Xncpta\n(k) BtcmSpw Hcn epw ]cpjambn s]cpamdnbncp n. AhnSpsØ lrzbw Ft mgpw ]mhßƒ v t\scbpw Zcn{Z v t\scbpw A\p`mh ]p hw Xncn ncp p. Hcn C_mZp_v\p jm Pn F mcmƒ Hcp txm Øn \n p samcp ^ew ]dns SpØp. AsXm cp maimeambncp p. txm apsa At±lsØ ]nsniqspibpw a Zn pibpw snbvxp. At±l Øns hkv{xw DucnsbSp pibpw snbvxp. Ah c p t]cpw sszh ZqXs ASp lmpcm s p. dkq Xncpta\n(k) txm apsatbmsp ]d p: Cu a\p jy Adnhn møh\mwv. Xm ƒ At±lØn\v \ ioew ]Tn n Ww. At±lw hfsc tbsd hni ncn p p. Xm ƒ At±l Øns hni S Ww. txm ap Sa v Xncpta\n(k) A w [m\yw \ In. At±lØns hkv{xw XncnsI hmßns msp Øp. {]hmni Hcn epw kº cmb Ip hmfnitfmsv Zm nwyw Im nbncp n. Hcn i cmb tkm{xøn s] Hcp kv{xo tamjvsn p. \nba {]Imcw Ahsc in n m {]hmni Xocpam \n p. Ah {]_eamb Hcp tkm{xøn s] hcmsw pw AXpsIm v Ahsc shdpsx hnswsa pw Nne AhnStØmSv ip]m i snbvxp. At mƒ Xncpta\n(k)tZzjys p sim v ]d p: Ckv d tbeniƒ \in Xv Ah ]mhßsf am{xw in n pibpw kº sc shdpsx hnsp Ibpw snbvxxp sim msw v Hm ØpsIm pi. kzbw A zm\n v D]Poh\w Ign p hsc \_n (k)xncpta\n hfsc BZcn ncp p. AhnSp v Acpƒ snbvxp: "Hcmƒ Xs ]pd Øv Hcp NpaSv hndiv Ib n AßmSnbn sim p t]mbnhn v Pohn v sim v Xs am\w c n p psh n bmnn p Xnt\ mfpw DØaw Abmƒ XmWv' Hcn epw a p hsc mƒ Xm henbh\msw v dkq Xncpta\n (k) IcpXnbncp n. bp ImeØmIs kam[m\ ImeØmIs dkq Xncpta\n (k) a p h v ka\mwv Xms\ v IcpXn. AhnSptØ v Ccn m {]txyiw Ccn ns an mbncp p. Xs klnc Ccn p nsøv Xs bmwv Ahn Sp v D]hnjvS\mbncp Xv. Hcp A]cnNnX, BcmWv {]hmn Is\ v Hcn epw Xncn dn n cp n. Hcn Hcp bm{x nsbn Xs klnc ns bn F mh pansbn Htcm {]h ØnIƒ hoxn p \ In. Xncpta\n(k) v \ Inb tpmen ]mniw snøp Xn\v hndiv tijcn embncp p. Xs A\p bmbniƒ AhnSp v B {]hrøn snøm\\phzn ncp n. Ah ]d p: Atß v th n R ßƒ B {]hrøn snømw. Xncp ta\n(k) ]d p: Rm Hcn epw {]txyi ]cnkw\ CjvSs Sp n. Xs ktlmzcs\ mƒ henb h\mwv F v IcpXp Hcm tfbpw sszhw CjvSs Sp n. _Zdnte p bm{xbn apkv enwiƒ v hfsc Ipd v khmcn arkßtf D mbncp p q. aq v t] CShn v H I ]pdøv bm{x snbvxncp p. Xncpta\n(k) Ahsc t]mse Xs Dugsa Øp Xv hsc \S pambncp p. CXv I v kln m hømsx Xs A\pNc m H I pdøv Ibdm A`y Yn t mƒ kvt\l ]q hw AXv \nckn p sim v dkq Xncpta\n (k) ]d p. Ft mƒ thkøn \nßƒ v \S m km ya. sszhøn s ] \n v \nßtf mƒ {]Xn^ew In m Rm B{Kln p p. Xncpta\n(k) ho p tpmeni fn Xs `mcy msc klmbn 17

ncp p. Iodnb hkv{xßƒ Xm Xs Xp n. \new AhnSp v kzbw Xs hrønbm n. BSn s ]m Id pibpw AßmSn bn, Xm Xs t]mbn km[\ ßƒ hmßpibpw snbvxp. AhnS sø ]mzc Iƒ kzbw \ m p Ibpw snbvxp. H IsØ ip{iq jn pibpw AXn\v Xo \ IpI bpw sh w IpSn n pibpw snøpambncp p. azo\bnse G hpw AhKWn Xcmb ASnaIƒ v t]mepw dkq Xncpta\n(k) sb kao]n m bmsxmcp {]Xn_ hpan mbncp p. Xncpta\n (k) sndp w apx t Adnbmambncp lnμv C_v\p lme ]dbp p: At±lw hfsc arzpe kz`mhn bmbncp p. Hcn epw ]cpjambn s]cpamdnbncp n. PohnXØn Hcmsfbpw A]am\n ncp n. sndnb tkh\øn\v t]mepw henb txmxn \μn {]ISn n ncp p. H n\pw bmsxmcp Ip hpw I ncp n. X\n v apºn sim phcs GXv XcØnep ` Wambmepw kwxr]vxntbmss AXv ` n p ambncp p. tamiambn Hc`n{]m bhpw At±lw AXns\ ] n ]d ncp n. kxysø Bsc n epw FXn Øme msx At±lw BtcmSpw tim]ipe\mbncp n. At±lØns kz w Imcy Øn\mbn Hcn epw BtcmSpw tzzjys ncp n. BtcmSpw At±lØn\v {]XnImcan mbn cp p. Bbnim(d) At±lsØ ] n ]dbp p: {]hmni Xncpta\n (k) Btc ] nbpw Hcn epw Ip w ]dbp ambncp n. Xn v ]Icambn Hcn epw AhnSp v Xn \ In bncp n. Ft mgpw s]mdpøp simsp m\pw am v \ Im\pambn cp p AhnSp v CjvSs ncp Xv. At±lØn\v Fs nepw Xnc s Spt kμ `whcpibm sw n tzmjap Xs n Ffp ap Xmbncp p At±lw Xncs SpØncp Xv. ]m]irxy ßfn \n v At±lw _lpzqcw AI v k cn p. At±lØns kz w Imcyßƒ v th n At±lw BtcmSpw ]I sh p ]pe Ønbncp n. Bsc nepw \nbaw ewln m sszhhn[n {]Imcw At±lw in n p am bp p. AhnSp v bmsxmcp apkvenant\bpw t]scspøv ]d v i]n ncp n. AhnSp v ASnabmb bmsxmcp kv{xo tbtbm ]pcpjt\tbm tkh\i s\tbm ASn n n. Hcp ark tøbpw AhnSp v Hcn epw t\mhn n n. BtcmSpw Xs Hc`y Y\bpw \SØnbn n. ]p ncn p sim mbncp p AhnSp v Ft mgpw ho nte v Ibdnh Xv. Ccn ptºmsfmcn epw At±lw Xs klnc v t\sc Im \o nh ncp n. Ahn SpsØ hm piƒ B s nepw lrznÿam Wsa n hm p Iƒ hfsc ]Xps kmh[m\ Øn At±lw DcphnSpambn cp p. Aen(d) dkq Xncpta\n (k) Ipdn v ]d p: AhnSp v Ft mgpw kpkvtac hz\\mbncp p. hfsc arzpe kz`mhnbmbncp p. Ft mgpw ImcpWyw hgns mgpip Xm bncp p At±lØns s]cpam w. Hcn epw k pnnxtam ]cp t\m Bbncp n. Hcn epw D Øn kwkmcn ncp n. tzzjytømsp IqSn Hcp hm p t]mepw D cn ncp n. BcpsS {]h Ønbnepw Hcp Ip hpw I ncp n. Bsc bpw ITn\amb tpmeng n n cp n AhnSptØ v Fs nepw A\njvSambn ps n \n»_vz\mbn AXv t\m n \n pw. Cßs\ I m Xncpta\n (k)sb ASpØdn h s m adnbmw AhnSptØ v AXv CjvSambn n F v. dkq Xncpta\n(k) kzbw aq v Imcy ßƒ CjvSs ncp n. X n, \njv{]tbmp\icamb kwkmcw, A\ycpsS Imcyßfn Xm ]cyw ImWn. AhnSp v Hcn epw a p hsc Ip s Sp Øn kwkmcn pitbm AhcpsS kzimcyßft\zjn pitbm snbvxncp n. Ft mgpw D]Imc ap Imcyßƒ am{xta kwkm cn ncp p p. kwkmcn ptºmƒ A\pNc m {i m]q hw AXv {ihn pambncp p. At mƒ ] niƒ v AhcpsS Xebn h p \n mambncp p. A{X bpw {i tbmss Ah AXv {ihn pambncp p. AhnSp v \n» \mbm am{xta A\pNc m Fs nepw kwkmcn q. Bsc nepw At±ltØmSv kwkmcn pibmsw n {i m]q hw AXv tiƒ pw. A\pNc m Fs nepw Imcyw I v Nncn pibmsw n At±lhpw B Nncnbn ] vtncpw. ]pdta\n v h Bsc nepw ]cpjambn kw kmcn pibmsw n At±lw im \mbncp v am]q hw AXv tiƒ pambncp p. kwkmc Øn CS v Ibdn At±lwbm sxm pw ]dbpambncp n. Xncp ta\n(k)bn \n v e`n Fs nepw D]ImcØns t]cn Bsc nepw \μn {]Imin n pi bmsw n AhnSp v AXv kzo Icn pambncp p. Hcn epw Xs kvxpxn v ]dbp Xv At± lw. CjvSs ncp n. Af m IgnbmØb{X hnime lrzb \m bncp p At±lw. G hpw kxy k, ]cazbmep, G hpw \ NßmXn. dkq Xncpta\n(k) v Hcp ]msv k m\ßfp mbncp p. ^møna (d) HgnsI as mhcpw AhnSpsØ PohnXImeØv Xs ImeKXn {]m]n p. Ahcn an t]cpw ssiih L Øn Xs bmwv th ]ncn Xv. AhnSpsØ aqø]p{xn th ]ncn Xv lnpvd F mw 18

h jønembncp p. A_p Bkv C_v\p dm_n (d) F n hcmbncp p Ahsc hnhmlw Ign Xv. c v ]n p Ip nitfbpw _m n sh mbncp p {]hmni ]p{xn ]ctemiw ]qinbxv. Hcp B Ip nbpw Hcp s] Ip n bpw. AhnSp v Xs t]c n Smßsf AKm[ambn kvt\ln p. s] Ip nbpss t] Cama F m bncp p. ^møna (d) bpss acwøn\v tijw Aen (d) Ah sc hnhmlw Ign p. dpjnøsbbpw AhcpsS acwtijw DΩpIp kpw (d)sbbpw Dkvam (d) BWv hnhmlw Ign Xv. Dkvam (d) dpjnøtbmssm w Ipd v \mƒ A_nko\nbmbn Xmakn pi bp mbn. ^mønasb Aen(d) hnhmlw Ign Xv lnpvd c mw h jønembncp p. \_n (k) h^mømbxn\v tijw Bdp amkw Ign t mƒ ^mønabpw ZnhwKXbmbn. Ah v lk, lpssk F o c v ]p{x mcpw DΩpIp kqw, ssk\_v F o c v ]p{xnamcpw D mbncp p. IpSpw_mwKßtfmsS mw hfsc Zbm]q hambncp p \_n (k) s]cpamdnbncp Xv. AhnSp v Hcn epw Xs {]Ya ]Xv\n JZo Psb hnkvacn ncp n. Ahcm bncp p Xncpta\n (k) BZyambn {]hmni\mbn hnizkn Xv. Ahn Sp v kvt\l\n[nbmb ` Øm hpw kvt\l[\\mb ]nxmhp ambncp p. F m n\pap]cnbmbn AhnSp v sszhøns hn\ox Zmk\pambncp p. AhnSp v kln F m {]bmkßfpw sszhøn\vth nbmbncp p. KrlmwKßsf mw Xncpta\n (k)sb Atßb w hnizkvx XtbmsS ]n ps p. Ah XßfpsS PohnX kpjßsf mw ]cnxypn p. G hpw {]bmk tadnb PohnXw AhnStØmsSm w Ah kzbw Xncs Sp pibm bncp p. Cu temitømsv hns ]dbptºmƒ apgph Atd_ybpw Xncpta\n(k) bpss Im Iogn embn. ]t Xs IpSpw_Øn \mbn kztøm Hcp Xcn kz Wtam ]Wtam hnetbdnb Fs nepw km[\ßtfm Xncpta\n(k) kºm Zn ncp n. temiøn\v hnip Jp B\pw Xs ]cnip PohnX hpw am{xamwv AhnSp v kωm \n Xv. a\pjy PohnXw {Ias Sp Øphm am\hcmin v sszh Øn \n v e`n c v alømb kωm\ßfmbncp p Ah. dkq Xncpta\n(k) a\pjy\v kxyw, hnizkvxx, kl\w, BXva \nb { Ww, A\pIº, \oxn, Ab ] hpambp \ _ w, im n, sszhønep hnizmkw, ITn\m zm\w F o aqeyßƒ ]Tn n pibp mbn. AXyp Xamb BXvaob ]Zhnbnte v a\pjys\ ssi]nsn pb Ønb t mgpw AhnSp v ]d Xv Rm \nßsft]msebp Hcp a\p jy am{xamwv' F mbncp p. Im pp p sf t]mse Iel {]nbcpw azy] mcpw sim m cpw a ZIcpamb Hcp P\Xbm bncp p Ad_nIƒ. B Ad_v P\Xsb dkq Xncpta\n (k) ]pwymxvam fpssbpw iplzm mcpssbpw kaqlam n. ssz h`bap hcpw hn[hifpssbpw A\mYIfptSbpw kwc Icp am nam n. Ahsc sszhsø Bcm[n p hcpw {hxa\pjvtn p hcpam n ]cnh Øn n p. a bnse JpssdinIsf dkq Xncpta\n (k) BZyambn sszhønte v Wn t mƒ Ah At±lsØ ]cnlkn p. ]pnvon p. ]n osv AhnSpsØ h[n phm KqVmtemN\ \S Øn. hnzqcamb azo\bnte v A`bm Ynbmbn t]mhm At± lw \n _ nx\mbn. Ahkm\w JpssdinIfS ap apgph Atd_ybpsSbpw cmpm[ncmp \mbn mwv dkq Xncpta\n (k) temitømsv hns]d Xv. A m lp AhnSpsØ G hpw DØ aamb coxnbn A\p{Kln pi bmbncp p. (hnh: F.Fw) Our mission is to serve disaster struck and socially disadvantaged individuals and families in the poorer communities of the world. 19

tej\w Hcp ssham\nis hn`p\ime kvacwiƒ 3 hnam\hpambn _ s Nne AXv`pX kw`hßƒ teji A\mhcWw snøp p. kvizm{u eou ao aplωzv AlvaZv A mlphn \n p aq m asø apavpnk (AXv`pX ZrjvSm w) lpkq emtlmdn FØnb Xn\v Iptd Znhkßƒ v tijam Wv D mbxv. Fs Hm a icnbm sw n sk]v w_dns aq mw hmcønemwv CXv kw`hn Xv. A v Znhkhpw JmZnbm\n \n pw lnpvdøv (]memb\w) snbvxpsim v Jm^ne (bm{x kwlw)iƒ emtlmdn FØmdp mbncp p. Hmtcm kwlønepw \qdpiw n\v ]pcpj mcpw kv{xo Ifpw Ip nifpw D mipw. Ah cmhnse JmZnbm\n \n v ]pds SpIbpw sshipt camip tºmtg pw emtlmdn FØpI bpamwv ]Xnhv. As mcp Znhkw sshipt c ambn pw Jm^ne emtlmdn FØnbn. lpkq BsI Nn ma Kv\\mbn. Ipsd ImØncp p, Gsd sshio pw Jm^nesb pdn v Hcdnhpw e`n n. Jm^ne FhnsS Xßnsbt m As n h ÿeøpw XS p sh s s m F pw a padnbm\p Hcp am K hpw C mxmbt mƒ lpkq cm{xn Hcp ao nwkv hnfn n p. ImWmXmb Jm^nesb Fßs\At\zjn pw AXmWv N m hnjbw. \ΩpsS hnam\w Ab psim v apifn \n v km[mcw tsm ns klmbtømss Ahsc XncbW sa v Hcmƒ A`n{]mbs p. cm{xn BbXpsIm v 500 ASn DbcØn se nepw ]dt nhcpsa pw A{X DbcØn \n v `qanbn km[mcw tsm ns {]Imiw sim v H pwxs ImWm km[n pibns pw Rm At± ltømsv ]d p. hnam\ømhføn cm{xn kabøv em v snøp hnam\w \nßƒ I n ps n \nßƒ v Hcp Imcyw a\ nemipw. AXv AXns \mev em nwkv sse piƒ Hm snbvxncn pw. AXns {]Imi i n 20 an y (c v timsn) Im n ]h AYhm sagpipxncn v Xpey i nbmwv. (IØnPzen p hkvxp fpss Zo]vXn Af p Xn\v txmxmbn FSp p {]Imi GIIsØbm Wv Im n ]h (candle power) F v ]dbp Xv. AXmbXv shfn w Af p Xn\p am{x As n Zo]am]\{]amWw hnh Ø I ) km[mcw tsm n\v tihew 50, 60 Im n ]h (candle power) am{xta D q. as m v cm{xn \ΩpsS L5 hnam\øn ssbv vhm^pw em nßpw (takeoff & landing) km[yamsw nepw d thbn shfn w \n _ ambpw D mbncn Ww. thsdmcp Imcyw cm{xnimeßfn Zn v Adnbphm\p bmsxmcp CeIv t{smwniv kwhn[m\hpw \ΩpsS kvizm{u eou ao aplωzv AlvaZv hnam\ønen. A v Ccp m sw n A ]w t]mepw Im Wm km[n mø XcØnep Iqcncp v. C{Xbpw {]XnIqe kmlncy ßƒ D mbn pw Rm\hsc At\z jn p Is Øm Xocpam\n p. Jm^nesb ImWmØ Xnep lpkqdns thhemxnbpw ]cn{` ahpw F\n v I p\n m\m hmø XpsIm mbncp p Rm Cu kmlkøn\v apxn Xv. Rm Cu Xocpam\saSpØt mƒ kmln_v kmzm ao km ap\o AlvaZv kmln_pw Ft mssm w Cu ZuXyØn\mbn hcm Xømdmbn. GXm\pw h jw apºv hnam\w ]døm\p ]cnioe\w (Flaying training) ]q Ønbm nb BfmWt±lw. ]q Wamb coxn bn Hcp ssham\ni\mbn pw 20

At±lw I hsønte pw hyh kmbønte pw Xncn psim v B tpmen kzmbøam p IbmWv snbvxxv. ]ns H pw Xmakn n. R ßƒ c v t]cpw PamAØns Po n ss{uhtdmssm w emtlm hmƒ hnam\ømhfønte v Xncn p. t\sc hnam\ømhføn s amt\pdpss ho n sn v Rßƒ RßfpsS Bhiyw At± lsø Adnbn p. hnam\ømhfw Cu kabw ]q nbncn bm k m \nba{]imcw ChnsS \n v ]d m ] pibns pw Fb {Sm^n v I t{smfpw AS ncn pibmsw pw F m \nßƒ kz w dnkv n ]d m hnnmcn pibmsw n d thbpss Ccphihpw ssbv t m^n\pw em nßn\pw Hgn piq Sm\mhmØ sse piƒ (Flares) sim ph v ]nsn nt n hcpsa pw At±lw RßtfmSv ]d p. Cu sse piƒ hnam\ømhf Øns C `mkøp tkmuu WnemWv D sx pw AhnsS \ns SpØp Bhiyw Ign m \nßƒ Xs AXv bymÿm\øv sim p sh Wsa pw Rßsf At±lw Hm an n mxncp n. Rßƒ aq v t]cpw \ΩpsS Po n Ibdn sse piƒ sh ncn p tkmuuwn t]mbn Ipd v sse piƒ FSpØv hnam\ømhf Øns sndnb d th Bcw`n p `mkøv h p. C meøm sw n F m hnam\ømhfß fnepw ÿncambn sshzypx hnf piƒ d thbpss Ccphihpw D mipsa v am{xa Cu hnf piƒ aptj\ d thbpss sk sse\pw AXns A hpw AXnt\mSv tn At{]m v `mkßfpw \nanjw sim v {]`m]q cnxam m km[n pw. B ImesØ ^vtf kv IYI fn hmbn Aemhp±os AXv `px hnf ns\ Hm as SpØp XcØnep In n cq]ønep hensbmcp ]m{xamwv. In nbpss hmen ]cpønsim p XSn Xncnbp mipw. ]m{xøn asæ Æ \nd ncn pw. \ΩpsS \ms dm IØn p Xv t]mse Xos n D]tbmKn v Xncn v XosImfpØpw. cm{xn F{X i amb Im p mbmepw CXv X\nsb AW pt]mhpibn F XmWv CXns {]txyix. AXp sim v Bhiyw Ign m \ΩƒXs AWt nhcpw. B cm{xn `b c Ccp mbn cp p sh v Rm ]d pht m. Po n s sluvsse v sim v t]mepw hgnimwm hfsc {]bmkambn cp p. aq v t]cptsbpw Hcp awn q t\csø {ia^eambn \ΩpsS L5 hnam\øns tsbv v Hm^n\pw em nßn\pw Bhiy amb ^vsfbdpiƒ Rßƒ ]nsn n p. Cu d thbpss a y `mkøv Ut m (Dekota) C\ Øn s] Hcp sndpxcw hnam\w ]m v snøp p mbncp p. B cyicsa v ]dbs Fb t]m v amt\p A mcyw RßtfmSv ]d txbn. Rß fpss `mkyt Sv F msx F v ]dbm, B d thbpss Bcw `Øns Ipd v `mkøv am{xta Rßƒ ^vtf kv ]nsn n pibpw snbvxn p mbncp p q. AXv \ΩpsS hnam\øns tsbv v Hm^n\pw em nßn\pw Fs IW v Iq en axnbmipambncp p. B Znhkßfn ]minkvxm Kh sa v Poh\ mtcbpw Ah cpss IpSpw_ßtfbpw Znhkhpw cmhnse U lnbn \n pw emtlmdnte v sim phcm\mbn {_n ojv Hmh kokv Fb th bvkv tim ]tdjs (Ct mgsø {_n ojv Fb thbvkv) 12 U t m hnam\ßƒ Nm snbv Xn p mbncp p. Cu hnam\ßƒ cmhnse h v sshipt cw U ln v Xncn v t]mimdmwv ]Xnhv. GXm\pw BgvNIƒsIm v Cu ZuXyw Ah ]q Ønbm pibpw snbvxp. At Znhkw Cu hnam\ßfn H n\v b{ XIcmdv ImcWw Xncn v t]mim km[n n. AXpsIm v cm{xn hmƒ hnam\ømhføn Xs AXp Xßn. AXp ]m v snbvxxm sw n sndnb d thbpss HØ a y`mkøpw. Rßƒ Cu Imcy ßƒ H pw Adn txbn. Rßƒ hnam\ømhføns {][m\d th Bb \ofwiqsnb d thbn \n mbncn mw tsbvt m^v snøpi F \ne mbncn mw Ut m ]m v snøp hnhcw Rßsf Fb t]m v amt\p Adnbn mxncp Xv. B d thbpss XpS Øn s ASpØmbncp p ^vtf kv kq n ncn p tkmuu D mbncp Xv. AXpsIm v Rßƒ v Ipsd kabhpw A zm \hpw em`n m km[n ncp p. AXpsIm mwv Rßƒ Cu d th Xncs Sp m ImcWw. sabn d th Xncs SpØncp psh n AXns Hc Øv ^vtf kv FØn m Xs Ipsd kabw th nht s\. Iqcncp n s I nimcww Po ns sluv sse v sim vt]mepw Ut m ImWm km[n n. CX msx as mcp A]ISw IqSn Rßsf ImØncn p p mbncp p. B Znhkßfn Bbnc W n\v apkvenw A`bm YnIƒ Atßb w timn\obmhÿbn ]minkvxm\n FØnsIm ncn p p mbncp p. Ahcne[n Ihpw Ing ] m_n \n p hcmwv. Ch hmƒ hnam\ ØmhfØns kao]øp Idm n v t]mip sdbn th sse\n s adp`mkøp _ms_ ]min kvxm (]minkvxm IhmSw) F v Ct mƒ hnfn s Sp hensbmcp A`bm Yn Iymºn embncp p Xmakn ncp Xv. Cu A`bm YnIƒ XßtfmsSm w AhcpS FÆa hf Øp arkß tfbpw IqsS sim ph ncp p. 21

Bbnc W n\v hcp Cu hf Øp arkßƒ sdbn th sse\ns CcphiØpap {]tz iømbncp p ta v \S ncp Xv. [mcmfw arkßƒ sdbn th sse apdn p IS v hmƒ hnam \ØmhfØns Ccp d th pw CSbnep hnimeamb ]p ssaxm\øpw btyjvsw ta v \S mdp mbncp p. Cu ark ßsf \nb{ n mt\m \nco n mt\m D bmsxmcp kwhn[m\ hpw C mbncp p. ImØncn p Cu c v A]I Sßtfbpw Ipdn v AdnbmØ Rm\pw IqsSbp ap\o kmln _pw bm{x Bcw`n m hnam\ Øn Ibdn Ccp p. hnam\ Øns F Pn kv m v snbvxp sim v ssbvt m^v snøphm \mbn sndnb d thbn {]th in p. ]n osv F mw ]cntim[n tijw ]d m\mbn ^pƒ t{xm v (F Pn\v ]d m\p i n) \ InsIm v d thbn eqss HmSm XpSßn. hnam\w GItZiw Hcp 150 hmc HmSnbn cn pw. At mtg pw hnam\w s]m nsødnbpss AXn`oIc i tømss Ft m Hcp hkvxp hpambn Iq nbnsn p. B `oicamb CSnbn hnam\øns ap `mkw Xmgv p sim v d thbn aq v IpØn. hmens `mkw apifnte v s]mßns m v apt mt v ae w adn p. F n v hnam\w Iogvta adn Ahÿbn apt mt v hen ng v sim v t]mbn F n p\n p. hnam\w adn txmspiqsn s]t{smƒ Sm n \n pw s]t{smƒ ]pdtø s mgpip i w Rm ti p. am{xhpa s]t{smfns awhpw F\n \p`hs ncp p. Fs c v Im ap piƒ pw ]cn v ] nsb nepw B ÿnxnbn hnam\øn\v Xo]nSnt msa `bøm ko v s_ gn v Rm\ndßn HmSn. Ipd v Zqcw HmSnb tijamwv F\n v t_mt[mzbap mbxv. DSs\Xs hnam\øn \SptØ v Xncn v HmSn. AhnsS \ΩpsS ktlmzc ao km ap\o AlvaZv kmln_v ko v s_ n siwn v XeIogmbn IpSpßn InS p mbncp p. hnam\w Iogv ta adn XpImcWw At±l Øns ko v d thbn \n pw GItZiw 10 ASn DbcØn s]m ßnt]mbncp p. B Ahÿbn At±lØn\v ko v s_ gn m km[n p n mbncp p. Rm klmbn p. Ipd v _p nap n ko v s_ v Agnt Xmakw At±lw t\tc Xmsg S am n te v (tarmac) howp. hnam\w ]cn]q Wambpw XI p Xcn Wambncn p p. RßfpsS hnam \w F v hkvxphpambn mwv Iq n bnsn Xv F v Adnbphm\mbn Rm tsm v FSpØp sxfnbn p t\m n. At mgmwv B sndnb d thbpss a y`mkøv \n p Ibmbncp Hcp ]iphns\bmwv CSn Xv F v a\ nembxv. ]ip t\sc c v IjvWambncn p p. AXns Hcp ]IpXn Rßƒ \n ÿeøpw at mcp ]IpXn 50 hmc ]pdin CSn ÿeøpw InS p mbncp p. AXn\p tijw Rßƒ d thbneqss apt m v \oßn. Hcp 100hmc Rßƒ t]mbncn mw lmƒ v (halt) F v A lkn p sim v RßfpsS t\sc Hcmƒ ]m SpØp. Rm tsm v sxfn bn p t\m n. _n.h.f.kn (BOAC) bpss Hcp bm{xmhnam\w d th bpss HØ a y`mkøv Xs ]m v snbvxncn p p. B hnam\ Øns ]mdmhpimc\mwv Rß fpss t\sc lmƒ v F v A l kn Xv. Rm\pw ao km ap\o AlvaZv kmln_pw B Imgv I v sr nøcn p t]mbn. RßfpsS Poh c n p hm\mbn A mlp B ]mhw ]iphns\ Ab n mbncp s n Rßƒ Ut m hnam\sø CSn pambncp p. Ut m hnam\w ]m v snbvx ÿeøv \ΩpsS hnam\w HmSn FØptºmtg pw hnam\øns thkx awn qdn 100 ssa (160 In.an)Bbn p mhpw. At mƒ B thkxtbmsp IqSnb CSnbpsS BLmXØn c v hnam\ßfpw Rßƒ c pt]cpw s]msns]msn bmbnøocpambncp p. B cm{xn A mlp Rßƒ c v t]tcbpw AXv`pXIcambn c s SpØn. A lwzpen mlv. {]iv\ßƒ thtdbpw Xes]m nøpsßn. A]IS kabøp mb CSnbpsS \Sp p i w ti v hnam\ømhfønse Ipd v Poh\ m AhnsS HmSn FØn. Fb t]m v amt\p XnI pw \nbahncp hpw A\phmZan m sxbpw hnam\w ]døm {ian p F pw a pw ]d psim v dnt m v Xømdm n. B Ahÿ bn AX msx as m pw Xs At±lØn\v snøm km[n p ambncp n. sse pifpw (Flares) a pkm[\kma{knifpw FSpØ ÿeøp Xs Xncns Øn m \mbn Rßƒ v hfsc t\cw hsc A zm\nt nh p. B ImcWØm cm{xn hfsc sshin cø _mkn (hn`p\øn\p tijw PamAØns Xm ImenI Bÿm\w. ChnsSbmbncp p. lpkq Xncpa\ v km\n (d) Xmakn Xpw ChnsSbmWv hnh ØI ) Xncns Øn. ]ns Znhkw cmhnse kw`h Øns apgph hnhchpw lpkqdns\ [cn n p. Rßƒ c v t]cptsbpw Poh c s p sh \ne v lpkq Xo bm bpw kt mjn ncn mw. ]t A v cm{xn Rßfn \n pw h v t]mb Ip Icamb A\mÿ ImcWØmepw PamAØns A S Øn\pw A\pkcWØn \pw hncp ambn {]h Øn p F ImcWØmepw lpkq hfsc tim]njvs\mbn. RßtfmSv hfsc b[niw tzjys p. hnam\ømhfønte v t]m 22

Ip hgn BZyw Nu[cn k^dp mlv Jm kmln_n(d)s Xma k ÿeøp t]mbn ImWmXmb Jm^nesb pdn v h hnhchpw e`n ncp pthm F Imcyw At±ltØmSp At\zjn tijw am{xta Cu ZuXyØn\mbn hnam\ ØmhfØnte mbn t]mim hqsb v RßtfmSv lpkq I ]n n p mbncp p. h hnhchpw e`n n ps n Cu ZuXyw Dt] n Wsa pw lpkq RßtfmSv Bhiy s ncp p. Rßƒ ChnsS \n v ]pds v Ipd v Ign t mƒ Xs lpkqdns\ Nu[cn k^dp mlv Jm kmln_v t^m snbvxp sim v Jm^ne kpc nxambn Hcp ÿeøv Xßo ps pw ]ns Znhkw D tbmss emtlm dn FØpsa pw lpkqdnt\msv ]d Xmbpw AXpsIm v Jm^n esb At\zjn v sim p RßfpsS bm{x XnI pw A\mh iyambnt msb pw hfsc tzjy tømss lpkq RßtfmSv ]dbpibp mbn. hnam\ømhfønte v Rßƒ ]pds t mƒ cm{xn hfsctbsd sshinbncp p. AXpImcWw Nu[cn kmln _ns\ B kabw _p nap n p Xv DNnXas v IcpXnbmWv Rßƒ At±lØns Xmak ÿeøv t]mimxncp Xpw At± ltømsv Imcyßƒ At\zjn mxncp Xpw. AXv Rßƒ snbvx henb ]mxiambnt mbn. lpkqdns I ]\ [n cn Xp t]msebpw Bbnt]mbn. AXns in A v cm{xn Xs Rßƒ v e`n pibpw snbvxp. (Ime Øns Jeo^bpsS Hcp \n tz ihpw I ]\bpw A\hkc Ønep XmsWs m A\pNn XamsWt m Bhiyans t m IcpXn Hcn epw X n fbcpxv F Imcyw ImemImeßfn ]e]e kw`hßfneqss \mw a\ nem nbxmwv. AXpsIm v lpkqdns hm piƒ v bmsxm cp hymjym\hpw ASn pdn pw \ ImsX AtX]Sn kzoicn pibpw A\pkcn pibpw snøp XnemWv A\p{Klw D sx v \mw Hmtcm AlvaZnbpw Hm t XmWv hnh ØI ) Cu A]IStØmsS \ΩpsS PamAØns hnam\ßfpss FÆw c n \n v H mbn Npcpßn. U]yq n aplωzv eøo^v kmln_v lpkqdns A\phm ZtØmsS B kabømbncp p ]minkvxm\n X\n \ptbmpy amb Hcp tpmen At\zjn p t]mbxv. Aßs\ PamAØns ] Hcp hnam\hpw Hcp ssham \ni\pw _m nbmbn. AXmbXv Cu hn\ox. GXm\pw Znhkßƒ v tijw Hcp Znhkw AarXkdns hs v ]Sn mdv `mkøv C ybpss AXn Øn IØv APv\me F v t]cp Hcp sndp] W {]tzi Øp BbncIW n\v apkvenao ßƒ XßfpsS hosn\v apifn Ibdn Ccn msw pw hnhcw e`n p. lpkq Cu hnhca dn t mƒ hfsc hnjan pi bpw Nn mipe\mhpibpw snbv Xp. DSs\Xs e Jm\bn Bbnc W n v X qcn sdm n Xømdm m\mbn lpkq emtlm PamAØnt\mSv I n p. AXn\p tijw AXv 4-5 hoxw Hcp ]m nen p. Cu ]m piƒ B ktlmzcßƒ mbn apifn \n v Fdn p simsp m Ft mspw Bhiys p. sdm n Xømdmbt mƒ Rßƒ sdm n ]m piƒ Po n Ib n t\sc hmƒ hnam\ømhfønse Øn. B Znhkw Fs klmbn bmbn h Xv lpkqdns ss{u h \ko kmln_mbncp p. Rm\pw \ko kmln_pw tn v \ΩpsS hnam\øns ]n nesø Ccn nsøn\v ]pdin ep apgph ÿeøpw sdm n ]m piƒ \nd psim v t\sc APv\me SuWnte v ]pds p. AhnsSsbØn Rßƒ hfsc kq vaxtbmss Hmtcm pw Cu c pambn ]m piƒ Xmtg v Fdnbm XpSßn. ]t ]m v Hcmƒ v Int Xmakw Hcmtf mƒ i \mb as mcmƒ BZy sø Bfn \n v ]m v ]nsn v ]dn m XpSßn. A{XI v B ]mhßƒ ] nwnbnembncp p. Cu ]nsn v ]dnbnepw ]nsnhen bnepw [mcmfw sdm niƒ D]tbmK iq\yamhpibpw snbvxp. e Jm\bnse tpmen m pw R ßƒ pw Hcp sx v] n. Ah ]gb ]{Xßƒ sim mbncp p ]m v D m nbxv. Cu ]m piƒ hnam\øn \n pw Xmtg v CSptºmtg pw Im n Iodn t mhpibpw sdm niƒ t\sc \neøv aæn sn v hogpibpw snbvxncp p. F ncp mepw Cu ]mhßƒ v CXv hensbmcp Bizmkambn. Cßs\ Rßƒ aq v {]mhiyw hmƒ hnam\ ØmhfØn h v sdm n ]m p Iƒ hnam\øn \nd pibpw D mbncp apgph ]m p Ifpw Cu {]tziøv hnxcww snøpibpw snbvxp. (Cu kw`hw A v C znem_v ]{Xw...A`bm YnIfpsSta sdm n h jw...alvaznøm hnam\ Øns D ze {]IS\w F Cc Xes t mss Hcp hm Ø simsp pibp mbn. ^XlvKUv NqUnbm F ÿeøv XºSn ncn p A`bm YnIƒ ` Ww In msx acn p sim ncn pibmwv. kz A pa AlvaZnøm emtlm (]minkv Xm ) XßfpsS ss{]h v hnam\w Ab v sim v A`bm YnIƒ v hfsc `mcn Afhn sdm n Fdn p simsp pibp mbn. CXn\p]pdta Ahsc kamiz kn n psim pw \n bzm Vyhpw ss[cyhpw ssishsn sbcpsx D]tZißfpaSßnb 23

t\m okpifpw hnxcww snøp Ibpap mbn. C znem_v...14..9..1947, t]pv..1,timfw...5) (XmcosJ AlvaZnøØv...hmfyw 9, t]pv..91 hnh ØI ) Cu kw`høn\v GXm\pw \mfpiƒ vtijw Imivaocn bp w s]m n]pds p. Cu ImcW Øm F\n v \ΩpsS hnam\ Øn knbm tim nte pw dmh ]n nbnte pw [mcmf ambn ]dt n h ncp p. B kabøp mbncp Hcp sh s]m w aqew emtlmdn \n pw KpPvdm hmebnte p Pn.Sn. tdmuv ]e`mkøpw sh Øn \Snbn Bbnt mhpibpw snbv Xncp p. 1947 HIvtSm_ Ahkm\ amsw v txm p p, hnam\\n amw Iº\nbmb Un..lmhnem n s Idm nbnep AhcpsS AJnte ym Hm^okn \n pw AhcpsS ] t^mivkv tamxv C\Øn s \mev sndnb bm{xm hnam\ßƒ D Xmbn Btcm lpkqdn\v hnhcw \ In. Cu hnam\w GtXm Hcp C y kplrøv Im\Ubn \n v Cd paxn snbvxxmbncp p. Cu hnam\øns `mkßƒ Im\U bn \n v `oa s] nifnem n I am KamWv Idm n XpdapJ søøn Xv. Idm n hnam\ Ømh føn Un.lmhnem v Iº\nbp ss A[o\Ønep Hangar (hnam\øns sjuv) Iq n tbmpn n m\mbncp p ] Xn. B ImeØv apgph C ybptsbpw knhn Ghntbj sk Idm n hnam\ømhfambncp p F Imcyw \mw Hm t XmWv. hn`p\w Ign bpss\ ]min kvxm k m Cu \mev hnam\ ßfpw cmpyøn\v shfnbn t]m Ip Xv XS psim v DØc hnd n. BbXn\m Un.lmhn em v Iº\n v Cu \mev hnam\ ßfpw ]minkvxm\n Xs hn pib msx a p am Kan mxmbn. hnam\w H n\v 2000 (c mbncw){_n ojv ]u v. AXmbXv 29,200 cq]bmbncp p hne. \mep hnam\ßfn cs Æw kn v k m At mgsø apjya{ n ankv. tjmtumbpss kn n\isø ]cys\ßƒ mbn hne v hmßnbncp p. lpkq Cu Imcyßsfms Adn t mƒ DNnXsa v txm p psh n _m nbp c p hnam\ßfpw hne p hmßp Xn\mbn s]s v Xs Fs Idm nbnte b p. H v \ΩpsS PamAØn\pw as m v k m BhiyØn\pambncp p. t^mivkv tamxv C\Øn s] hnam\w ssham\ni\v ]pdsa aq v bm{x m v Ccn m ] p XcØnep Hcp sndnb hnam\ amwv. Cu hnam\øns F Pn s ]pdin bm{x m p Hcp sndnb Im_n\p v. AXn aq v t] v Ccn mw. Im_n\v ]pdin emwv tim v ]n v. tim v ]n n\pw Im_n\pw a yøn hrømir Xnbnep sndnsbmcp Infnhm Xnep v. AXneqsS bm{x m v ssham\ni\pambn Bhiym\p kcww _ s Smw. Cu hnam\øns km[mcw thkx L5 hnam\øns Xp t]mse awn qdn 120 ssaenepw (GItZiw 192 In.an) IqSpXemWv. ]t L5 Hcp NndIp Mono plane BsW n t^mivkv tamxv BIs c v NndIp Bi Plane Dw. F mepw L5 hnam\w `mcøn s bpw F Pn i nbptsbpw ImcyØn hfsc ap nemwv. t^mivkv tamxv hnam\øns F Pn XmcXtay\ i n Ipd hbmwv. ho pw PamAØns ] c v hnam\ßƒ h p tn p. B kabw PamAØn]camb Bhiyßƒ v ]pdsa s]mxp Bhiyßfpambn _ s tpmenimcww Rßƒ amkß tfmfw hfsc Xnc nembncp p. lpkq d_vhbpss DZvLmS Øn\mbn t]mip Xn\v c v Znhkßƒ p apºv \ΩpsS ]pxn b hnam\amb t^mivkv tamxn ]d v Ct mƒ Jksc Jnem^Øv (Aaodp apavan\os hmk ÿew) ÿnxnsnøp ÿeøv em v snbvxxv Ct mgpw Rm \ mbn Hm p p. Ct mƒ kz A pa AlvaZnømbptSbpw XlvcosJ PZoZns bpw Hm^okp Ifpw B Hm^okpIfn tpmen snøp hcpss hospifpw ASßp saml Zmdp Zdns B apgph {]tzihpw A v ]md pifpw Ip pw Ipgnbpw \nd hfsc tamis Hcp ssaxm\ ambncp p. AhnsS Rm GXm \pw awn qdpiƒ snehgn p sim v HcmfpsS klmbtømss IpΩmbs]mSn D]tbmKn v sse\p Iƒ ASbmfs SpØpIbp m bn. AhnsS Hcp ÿncamb em nw Kv {Ku n\p ] Xn \n tzin m\mbncp p Rm Aßs\ snbvxxv. ]t ] Xn ]n osv apt m v t]mbn. lpkq Hcn PamAØv kμ i\øn\mbn kn n t]m bt mƒ Rm\pw B hnam\øn GXm\pw ZnhktØ v ap Øm tpt m_m_mzv hgn Idm nbn te v t]mbncp p. AhnsS \n v sslzcm_mznte pw t]mbn. ]n osv AtX hnam\øn I\dn bn t]mbn em v snbvxp. ]t lpkqdns sluvizm AhnsS \n v 25ssa Zqsc hs v alvaq Zm_mZnembncp p. AXpsIm v Rm IpXnc pdøv Ibdn alvaqzm_mznte v t]mbn. AhnsS kønzv A p d mjv imlv kmln_v a lqans ]cn]q W klicwtømss s]s v Xs lpkqdns Hm^okn s bpw XmakÿeØns bpw kao]øp Xs Rßƒ Hcp em nßv {Ku v D m n. AXn\v tijw IpXnc pdøv Xs Ibdn Rm Xncn v I\dn v t]mbn. 24

]n osv hnam\w alvaqzm_mznte v sim ph p. GXm\pw Znhk ßƒ ptijw Idm n hgn em tlmdn Xncns Øn. emtlmdn Xncns Ønb tijw PamAØn s ]e XcØnep Bhiym Yw F\n v hfsc IqSpX ]dt nh ncp p. Hcn lpkq Ft mssm w Cu t^mivkv tamxv hnam\øn knbm tim n \n v emtlmdn te v hcnibp mbn. lpkqdn t\mssm w kønz sal B a lqabpw lpkqdns aiƒ km ln_v kmzn AaØp _mknøv t_kw kmln_ a lqabpw D m bncp p. A v Rßƒ Ft m Nne kmt XnI ImcWßfm hmƒ hnam\ømhfw AS Xn \m Ct mgsø emtlm hnam\ømhfønembncp p em v snbvxxv. emtlm hnam\ Ømhfw A v Fb t^mgvkns ÿncxmhfambncp p. bm{xmhn am\ßƒ v A hnss Cdßm A\phmZap mbncp n. AtX t]mse Hcn \ΩpsS hnam\ sø Iz bnte v sim pt]mi Wambncp p. kn v {]hniybn B kabw D mb sh s m sispxn ImcWw Icam Kap F m hgnifpw AS v InS pi bmbncp p. At mƒ D mb Ft m Hcp kmt XnIamb \n _ nxmhÿ ImcWw hnam\w tpt m_m_mzv hnam\øm hføn Dt] nt Xmbn h ncp p. 1950 lpkq \ΩpsS c v hnam\ßfpw Idm nbnte v Ab m Xocpam\n pibpw Rm Ah Htcm mbn Idm n bn FØn pibpw snbvxp. lpkqdns CwKnXa\pkcn v Cu c v hnam\ßfpw Idm n Pam AØv hn m Ipsd\mƒ {ian s nepw km[n n. Cu hnam\ ßƒ Idm n hnam\ømhfønse lmßdn \n Øn CSm\pw Ah th hn[w A Ip ]WnIƒ snbvxp kwc n p sim p t]mim\pw `mcn snehv th n h ncp p. AXn\m lpkq Cu c v hnam\ßfpw Hcp kwls \bv v PamAØns hibmbp Hcp D]lmcambn \ IpI bmwv snbvxxv. AXn\v tijw Rm lpkqdns A\phmZ tømss Xncn p ]m v hmbptk \bn {]thin pibpw snbvxp. 86 hb mb (2010.. ) Rm Atacn bn aiƒ tumivs BbnibpsS ho n Ccp mwv 63 h jßƒ v apºp Ncn{X kw`hßƒ FgpXp Xv. 1947 se JmZnbms Ahÿbpw A v \ΩpsS PamAØns ] ep m bncp hnam\ßfpss Ncn{Xhpw hcpw Xeapd a\ nemt Xpw Adntb Xpw AXymhiyamWv F \ne mwv Rm\nXv FgpXn bxv. A\p_ w. 1 hn`p\w Ign DSs\em tlmdn kmt XnIamb kuicy ßfpw AhiyhkvXp fpss e`yxbpw hfsc Ipdhmbncp p. C msb v Xs ]dbmw. DZmlc Wambn hnam\øns _m dniƒ Nm Pv snøwsa n henb _p nap mbncp p. \ΩpsS apjven kmb Hcp AlvaZn ktlmzc aplωzv eøo^v kmln_n\v e vao Nu n ImdpIfpsS _m dn Nm Pv snøp Hcp IS D mbncp p. B AlvaZo ktlm Zc PamAØns hnam\ßfpss _m dniƒ Bhiym\pkcWw Nm Pv snøphm am{xambn Hcp {]txyi k Iyq v Xs ISbn k am n sh n p mbncp p. AXpaptJ\Rm hnam\øns _m dniƒ AhnsS \n v donm Pv snøn mdp mbncp p. Ipsd Imeßƒ v tijw At±lw Xs B IS ]q n. Ct mƒ At±lØns a ƒ eøo^v tamt mgvkv F t]cn Pbn tdmun Hcp Im tjmdpw Bcw`n ncn p p.rm Ft mgpw aplωzv eøo^v kmln_v a lqans\ ZpBbn Hm mdp v. am{xhpa At±l Øns k m\ßfpss _nkn\ nepw \o _ Øv \ tiwta F pw ZpB snømdp v. A\p_ w..2 hnam\hpambn _ s Nne ImcyßfpsS hnizoicw Øn \mbn teji\mb P\m_v aplωzv AlvaZv kmln_ns\ hn\ox (hnh ØI ) _ s ncp p. At±lw \ Inb Hcp hnhcw hmb\ mcpambn ] vsh pi bmwv. 1971 hn\ox BZyambn kz w ]nxmhnt\mssm w JmZn bm\n t]mbt mƒ kn v \mjw timtfpv (BZyIme XAveoap Ckvemw timtfpv) {Ku n \mev NpacpIƒ IØv hebw snbvx \nebn Hcp sndphnam\w I ncp p. hfsc Imeßtfmfw AXhnsS D mbn cp p. Ct mƒ AXhnsS Xs bpt m F dnbn. Cu hnam\ sø pdn v tejit\msv hnizoi cww txsnbncp p. At±lØns adp]sn CXmWv c mw temi almbp w \S p kabøv Atacn bp Øn D]tbmKn m tbmky a mø 2800 Hmfw hnam\ßƒ {_n ojv Kth sa n\v \ Inbn cp p. AXn Ipds Æw Ip n IfpsS hnt\mzøn\mbn Hcp tamu F \nebn {]Z in n phm th n kviqfpiƒ pw timtfppiƒ pw \ In bncp p. lzvdøv ao km ico^v AlvaZv kmln_v (d) (lpkq Jmankns ]nxmal ) Bhiy s X\pkcn v JmZnbm\nse kviqfnepw timtfpnepw Ht m AXne[nItam hnam\w {]Z i \Øn\mbn sh n p mbncp p. AXnsem mbncn mw B hnam\w. hnh ØI. C_v\ph^ 25

tej\w Cukm\_nbpsS BImihmkwx Xmtemen s Sp A hnizmkw Cukm \_n (A ) C pw Pohn ncn p psh v `qcn] apkvenwiƒ sh v ]pe Øp A hnizmkw Jp B\v hncp amwv. A_ PUneamb Cu hnizmkw C meøv ]pdøv ]dbm\p Pmf yxsim v Ah clkyambmwv Cu A hnizmksø Xmtemen p Xv. "Cukm \_nbpss acww' F ]pkvxiøn\v ticfønse No^v anjwdnbpw Jp B hnh ØI\pamb a lqw aplωzv A_p h^m kln_v FgpXnb AhXmcnIbn \n v aplωvzv A_p h^m GItZiw 2000 h jßƒ v apºv `qapjøv Pohn pacn Cukm \_n ( A) bpss PohnX acw {]iv\w C pw Hcp hnhmz hnjbambn \nesim pibmwv. blqz m ] pw Ct mgpw hnizkn p hcp Xv At±lw Hcp hy`nnmc ]p{x\pw I {]hmni \pamsw mwv (\DuZp _n mlv). Xßƒ At±lsØ Ipcnin Xd p sim p ]mxmfønseøn p sh mwv. Ipcnin sim s Sp h i]n s h\msw pw Ah hnizkn p p. CXns\Xnsc {InkvXym\n IfpsS hnizmkw a\pjy IpesØ AXns P kn amb ]m]øn \n v c n m\mbn sszh ]p{x\mb tbip im]øn s Ip cnipacww hcn p ]m]]cnlmcw hcpønbxn\v tijw Dbn sø gpt v BImitØ v Itcdn. sszhøns hexv `mkøv Ccn p psh mwv. Ahkm\ \m fn At±lw `qanbnte v Cdßn h p temisø BIam\w c n psa pw Ah hnizkn p p. CXmIs C v \nehnep {Inkv Xob hnizmkøns ImXemb hias{x CXv c n\psaxnsc `qcn] apkvenwiƒ hnizkn p Xv Cukm \_n (A) sb h[n phm\mbn blqzniƒ X{ w {]tbmkn t mƒ A mlp At±lØns cp]w as mcmfn ]I Øn km m Cukm \_n (A) sb BImitØ v bb Ønsb pw cq]kmzriyw \ Is A]c Ipcnin sim s p sh pamwv. am{xam JnbmaØn\v apºv Cukm \_n (A) BImiØv \n v Cdßn h v IpcnipIƒ X n XI Øv ] nisf sims Sp n, Z mens\bpw a p k Δ Im^ndpIsfbpw h[n p \m Xv sim mew Zo \SØpsa pw Ah hnizkn p p. CXv C sø `qcn] apkvenwifpss Cuam\n s Imcyambn mwv KWn s Sp Xv. CZriamb ap v hnizmkßƒ mwv C v temiøv IqSpX {]Nmchpw {]m_eyhpap Xv. Cßs\ aq p kapzmbßfpss aq v Xcw hnizmkßfmwnh. F p ]dbmhp XmWv. F m CXns\ mw hncp amwv apkvenw kapzmbønse Hcp \yq\] amb AlvaZnøm {]ÿm\ mcpss hnizmkw. Ah hnizkn p Xv _\q Ckvdmtb kapzmbøn\v {]hmni\mbn \nbp \mb Cukm \_n(a)sb Xs ZuXyw \n hln Xn\v tijw CXc {]hmni msct]mse Xs {]IrXn km[cwamw hn[w Ncaw {]m]n p `qanbn I_d s p sh mwv. AXmbXv i{xp fmb blqz m Cukm\_nsb Ipcn in Ib n sim m {ian p sh pw B im] acwøn \n pw A mlp At±lsØ c s SpØpIbp mbn. ap {]hm NI mcn ]etcbpw ]e Zp LS L ßfnepw A mlp klmbn Xv t]mse Cukm \_n(a) tbbpw Ah c n p. C{_mlnw \_n (A) sb IØnPzen p AKv\n Ip Øn \n pw c n Xv t]mse, bqkp^v \_n (A) sb Im nse s]m InW n \n pw bq\pkv \_n (A) sb ISem\bpsS hb n \n pw apkm\_n(a) s\ ISen \n pw c s SpØnbXv t]mse A mlp Cukm \_n (A) sb Ipcnin \n pw c s SpØnsb v ]dbp Xn bmsxmcp AkmwKXyhpan t m. AXn\ptijw At±lw ]ekvxo\n \n pw ]emb\w snbvxv Ing Zn pifn k cn p. Ckvdmtb tkm{xønse ImWmsX t]mb BSpIsf txsn Xnc v {]t_m[\w snbvxp. HSphn Xs 120 mw hb n \ncymx\mbn. Iivaocnse {io\kdn adbs s p. C\n 26

Hcn epw At±lw Cu temiøv Xncn p hcnibn. CXmWv AlvaZnøm PamAØns hnizmkw C mcyw Cukm \_n bpss acww F Cu ]pkvxiøn {]amw klnxw bp nklambn hnhcn n p v. Ahkm\Imew Cuk_v\p adnbw Cdßpsa \_n hn\ßfpss {]hn\ßfpss hnh sb v? CXmWv ASpØ {]iv\w. Cukm \_n (A) acn n ns v hnizkn p `qcn] apkvenwifpss hnizmkw, At±lw BImiØv \n pw Cdßn hcpsa pw Cu kapzmbøn v hmkvzm\w snøs akolv At±lw Xs bmbncn p sa pamwv. CXv kp n apkvenwifpss am{xw hnizmka. ticf PwCuøØp Dea, ticf \ZvhØp appmlnzo, PamsØ Ckveman XpSßn b kwls\ifnse DØchmZs ] UnXXcpsS Hu]NmcnIamb {]Jym]nX hnizmkw IqSnbmWv. t\sc adn v Cukm \_n (A) acn p t]mbn F hnizkn p AlvaZn apkvenwifpss ] {]kvxpx {]hnßfpss hnh Cukm \_n v kzri\mb Hcmƒ Hcp ax ]cnjv Ømhv A lp hn\m \nbp \mip sa mwv. Cu {]hn\w AlvaZnøm PamAØns hμyÿm]i\mb lkzdøv AlvaZnÀv km mxv cn s p sh pw Ah hnizkn p AlvaZn apkvenwifpw CXc apkvenwifpw XΩnep hyxymkøns ImXemb hianxmwv. {]kvxpx hn\ßƒ Aem mtcm nifm BhrXamsW pw Ahsb mw A YØn ]q Ønbmbn gn psh pap kwkxn AlvaZnøm kmlnxyßfn hnizoicn s n p v. hmkvxhøn Cukm \_n (A)ÿqe tzltømspiqsn B ImiØv Pohn ncn ps hnizm køn\v CkvemanIambn bmsxmcp ASnÿm\hpan. t\sc adn v AXv {InkvXym\nIfpsS hnizm kamwv. Ahcn \n pw apkvenw Ifn kw{ian XmWv Cu A hnizmkw. AlvaZnøm PamAØns ÿm]i Cukm\_n (A) acn p t]mbn F kxyw {]Jym]n t mƒ `qcn] w ]finx mcpw At±lsØ Im^ndm n ^Xvh snøpibp mbn. F m At± lw bmsxm pw hish msx Jp B\nIamb sxfnhpiƒ temiøn\v apºn \ncønsh p sim ncp p. AXns ^eambn A\lvaZn ]finx mcn s kzx{ cmb ]e DXv]XnjvWp ]finx mcpw Cukm\_n (A) acn pt]mbn F v Xpd v ]d p XpSßn. ]tcx\mb ssijv apl ΩZv A p, ssijv apkvx^ admkn, ssijp Akvl alvaqzv i XqØv, ssijv diozv dnfm apxemb CuPn]vXnse ]fin X mcpw Ahcn s Sp p. kp{] kn ]finx\mb kn. F Alv azv auehn kmln_pw Cukm \_n (A) acn p t]msb pw At±lw Xncn p hcns pap bmym Yyw Xpd p ]d p. ]t C d hcn Bcpw Xs hmkvzø akolv hcpsa {]hn\øn hnizkn p hc. NnecpsS ] B lzokv kzoimcya. Nne AXns\ hymjym\n p p. Cuk_v\p adnbw Cdßpsa {]hn\øns hnh Cukm \_n (A) Ckvdtb kapzmbøn hcpønbxv t]mep \ ]cn h Ø\w apkvenw kapzmbønepw D mipsa v. hyjym\n mhp XmsW v ssij diozv dnfm ]dbp p. Hcp \qx\ Nn I\mb A_p AAvem auzqzn kmln_v Cu hnjbøn F mhtcbpw ISØn sh nbncn p p. At±lØns Jp B ]cn`mjbn Cukm \_n (A) sb A mlp as n hnfn p F mwv FgpXnbn p Xv. F m Xncn p hnfn Xv FhntS mwv? Cukm \_n h Xv FhnsS \n mwv? asßnt mxxv FhntS v? C mcyßsfm pw auzqzn kmln_v hy am nbn n. At±lw FgpXnb JXvap p_δøv F ]pkvxiøn hmepw Xebpw apdn v Nne lzokpiƒ D cn psim v Ahbnse {]hn\øns hnh a bans ai\mb Cuk Cdßn hcpsa v Xs bmsw mwv Xd n p ]d n p Xv. Cukm \_n acn n ps n Xs A mlp At±lsØ ]p\ Pohn n v Xncn psim v hcpsa pw auzqzn kmln_v ]dbp p!. F m Cukm \_n (A) ho pw Cdßn hcptºmƒ At±lw \_n bmbncn p F \qx\ kn m w IqSn auzqzn kmln_v Iq n tn p p. At±lØns kn m ßfn ]expsa t]m se CXpw Zp {Klambncn pi bmwv. acn pt]mb \_nam Ct mgpw \_nam Xs bmsw nepw c p XhW temiøn\v {]t_m[\w snøm Ahkcw e`n psa G hpw henb A\p {Klw e`n n pw Cukm \_n v HSphn \p_pδøv ]Zhn \jvs s Spsa mwt m CXn Yw! h msømcp KXntISv Xs! ka Ycmb Nne DXv]XnjvWp ]finx m AlvaZnIsf t\cnsp tºmƒ Cukm \_n acn s acn mxncn s AXv Cuam\n s] Imcya AXv A{]k amwv F v ]d v Hgn p amdp Xmbn ImWp p. Ah Xn\v F v \ymboicwamwp sx v a\ nemip n. \mw Jp B\n hnizknt Xt? AXv Cuam \n s] Xt? Cukm \_n(a) 27

F Hcp {]hmni D mbn cps v \mw hnizkn p Xv Jp Bs A[ym]\Øns ASnÿ\ØnemWt m. AXv Cuam\n s] ImcyamsW n At±lw Ct mƒ Pohn ncn p t m acn pt mtbm F hnjb Øn Jp B F v ]Tn n p p sh v Adntb Xpw Jp B hnizkn p hcpss ISabt? acn psh mwv Jp Bs A ym]\sa n \mw Aßs\ hnizkn Ww. Jp B\n \n v sxfnbp GXv kxyhpw hnizknt Xv Jp B\n hnizkn p Xn Dƒ s] Xt? Cukm (A) sb A mlp ÿqet±ltømss A mlp Db Ønbncn p p F hnizkn p hcpw Jp B Xs bmwv B[mcam m {ian p Xv. acns v hnizkn p h pw Jp B Xs bmwv B[mcw. B ÿnxn v Cu kwkxnbpss bmym Yyw Fs v ]Tn dntb Xt?. AsXmcp A`n{]mb hyxymkap kwkxn sb \ne v AXns\ A{]k ambn X Wsa ps n A mlphn\v ]pdta almbxvam sf hnfn p {]m Yn p Xv in v Xs bt F Imcy Ønepw A`n{]mb `n X D t m Cu c p hn`mk mcpw XßfpsS hmzøn\v Bkv]Zambn Jp B hymjym\n p p. At mƒ AXpw A{]k ambn X n fbm DXv]XnjvWp ƒ kωxn ptam?. Cukm \_n (A) sszhhpw sszh ]p{x\pamsw pw hniz kn p {InkvXym\nIƒ Xßfp ss hmzøn\v Dt]m _eiambn At±lw am\pjx v AXoXambn NncRvPohnbmbn \ne sim p p sh Imcyw FSpØp ]dbp p. B ÿnxn v sx mb B hnizm ksø Jfin \mbn Cukm \_n (A) acns kxyw sxfnbnt Xv apkvenwifpss ISabt? AsXßs\ A{]k amipw? AlvaZnøØns ÿm]i cmb lvzdøv AlvaZn(A)s ZuXy {]Jym]\w Ckm \_n (A) acn p t]msb pw Xm At± løns kzriys\ \nebn h hmkvzø ako lmsw p amwv. Cukm \_n(a) acn n n F XmWv Jp B\nI A ym]\ sa n {]kvxpx ZuXy{]Jym ]\w ASntbmsS s]mfn p t]mipat m. ]ns At±lsØ ]cmpbs SpØm\p am Kambncn pw AXv. Fs m, Cukm \_n (A) Pohn ncn ps n hmkvzø akolmbn htc Xv At±lw Xs bmsw Xv kv]jvsawv. BIbm Cukm \_n (A) bpss PohnX acw {]iv\w A{]k amsw v ]dbm bmsxmcp \ymbhpan. hkvxhøn Cukm \_n (A) Pohn ncn ps v Xpd v ]dbm Cu ]finx m v e txm p p. acn p t]msb AbmYm Yyw kωxn m AlvaZnøm{]ÿm\Øns ÿm]icpss kxyw sxfn p t]mipsa v Ah `bs Sp p. am{xa apkvenw kapzmbøns DΩØn Cukm \_n (A) hcpibns hmzhpw s]mfn p t]mipw. lzokpiƒ \ntj [n phm H pw km ya. AXp sim mwv Ah Cu hnjb Øn Hgn p amdm {ian p Xv. Jp B\pw kp Øpw {]Ncn n pibpw A hnizmk ßfpw Jpdm^mØpw \n am P\w snøp XmWv XßfpsS e y sa v {]Jym]n pibpw snøp DXv]XnjvWp ƒ 19 \q m p Iƒ v apºv acn p adbs a\jy\mb {]hmnis\ ] n At±lw ÿpetzltømss BImiØv Pohn ncn ps A hnizmkw h p ]pe Øp Xpw hnhmz cwkøv Cu{]iv\ Øn \n v Hgn p amdp Xpw hntcm[m`mkamwv. sszhw a\pjys\ AWnbns mcp pw lzvdøv tbip (A) en n snsnisf t\m p; Ah Fßs\ hfcp p! Ah A zm\n p n. \q \q p pan. F nepw Rm \nßtfmsv ]dbp p: k h {]Xm]ßfpw XnI tkmfa t]mepw Chbnsem n s\ t]mse hn`qjnx\mbncp n. C v Poh\p Xpw \msf ASp n Fdnbs Sp Xpamb hb ]p pisf sszhw Cßs\ AWnbns mcp p psh n, Aev]hnizmknIfmb a\pjytc, Ah \nßsf Ahsb mƒ sa ambn AWnbn p Ibnt? (ss nƒ. eqt mkv 12: 27) 28

tej\w PqXP\Xbpw B[p\nI Imehpw 3 blqz kaqlhpw kvvs]bn\pw {InkvXy hnkntkmøpiƒ `cn ncp kvs]bn\n blqzcpss PohnXw Zp lambncp p. F m apkvenw kvs]bn blqz Ncn{XØnse kph W ImeL ambn mwv Adnbs Sp Xv. ho pw kvs]bn {InkvXy cmp`cwøn h t mƒ ]ou\] hw ]p\cmcw`n pibmbncp p. F. Fw aplωzv kenw blqz ]ou\øns IncmX ] hßƒ Actßdnb a yime bqtdm n, sf_ocnb s]\n kpebnse apkvenw kvs]bn (A A eqkv) Bbncp p blqzcpss c mtklw. {Inkv Xy hnkn tkmøpifpss Zp `c WØnepw ]ou\ønepw ho p ap n gnbpibmbncp blqz PbimenIfmb Ad_v apkvenw Itfbpw hs \m{^n bnse _ _ apkvenwisfbpw kvs]bn \nte v `cwta Sp m Wn pibmbncp p. apkvenwiƒ IogS nb tim tum_m, aemk, {K\U, skhn o apxemb \Kc ßfpsS `cw NpaXe blpz v Xs apkvenwiƒ G n p sim Sp pibpw Ahsc kmbp[cm p Ibpw snbvxp. F. Un 912 A p dlvam aq mas bpw At±lØns ai A l w c mas bpw `cwimeøv tim tum_bnse DahnømJnem^Øns tkh\ Øn\mbn blqz kzbw ka n Xcmbn. imkv{x ]T\Øn\pw, Ad_n {KŸßƒ bqtdm]y `mjbnte pw CXc `mjm {KŸ ßƒ Ad_nbnte pap hnh Ø\ßƒ pw blqz ]fin X m KWyamb kw`mh\iƒ \ In. hmwnpyw, hyhkmbw, kn v, hym]mcw F o taje Ifn blqz kapzmbw kvs]bn \ns\ hfsctbsd apt m p sim pt]mbn. AhnsS blqz bmsxmcp hn[ ] ]mxnxzhpw A\p`hn n. kaqløns apjy [mcbn kl]uc mcpambn txmtfmsptxmƒ tn v Ah {]h Øn p. {]Xm]tØmsSbpw kºq W kzmx{ ytømss bpambncp p blqz AhnsS Ign ncp Xv. a yime L Øn blqz {]Xn`Iƒ Xfn ØXpw ]pjv e ambxpw apkvenw kvs]bn\nem bncp p.the Jews of Spain F ]pkvxiøn Rabbi Ken Spiro F blqz ]finx s nƒ D Ønbnse {]hn\amwv apkvenw kvs]bn\n ]pe sx v ]dbp p. AXmbXv \o \ns tzisøbpw \ns _ p sfbpw \ns ]nxr`h\sø bpw hn v Rm \n\ v ImWn p X tzitø v t]mipi. \ns Rm Hcp henb P\Xbm pw; Rm \ns A\p{Kln pibpw \ns \maw al\obam pibpw snøpw. Aßs\ \o Hc\p{Kl ambn Xocpw. \ns A\p{Kln p hsc Rm A\p{Kln pw. \ns i]n p hsc Rm i]n pw. \o \nanøw `panbnse F m IpSpw_ßfpw A\p{Kln s Spw (D Øn12: 1 3) F Xm bncp p B {]hn\w blqz kvs]bn {InkvXym\n IfpsS Iønea t mƒ AhnsS \n v B ntbmsn s blqz bptdm nse \m\mzn nte qw IpSntbdn m Øp. bqtdm nse F m cmpyßfpw blqzsc B nbi n. ]n osv bqtdm]y I hs kw_ ambpw _m nßv kwcw`ßƒ pw th n XßfpsS Xm ]cysø ap \n ØnbmWv bptdm nte v Ahsc {]thin n X.v kvs]bn\nse {InkvXym\n IfpsS blqzth t]sn v Hcp hn`mkw blqz {InkvXpaXw kzoicns nepw ax]cnh Ø\w snbvxv {InkvXym\nIfmbn Xo blqzsc t]mepw kvs]bn\n \n v \msp ISØpIbmWp mbxv. {InkvXpaXw kzoicn blqz sadmt\m ((Merranos) F mwv Adnbs Sp Xv. ] n F mwv C menb `mjbn B ]ZØn s {]myani hyhlmcnim Yw. kv]m\njv `mjm ]Zßfn hfsc b[niw kzm[o\w snepønb Ad_n `mj Xs bmwv Cu ]ZØns aqe]zw. apl dw AYhm \ntcm[n s Xv F Ad_n ]ZØn \n mwv sadm t\m F kv]m\njv ]Zw \njv] ambxv. ] n amwkw apkvenw Ifpw blqzcpw Hcpt]mse ax]cambn \njn am nbxm 29

Wt m. AXv sim v Ad_n `mj bpss kzm[o\øm \ntcm[nx hkvxp, \nirjvs hkvxp F o A Yßfn ] nsb kv]m\njv `mjbn sadmt\m F mwv Ct mgpw hnfn p Xv. B t]cn Xs bmwv {InkvXp axønte v ]cnh ØnXcmb PqX {InkvXym\n Itfbpw hnfn ncp Xv F Xv blqztcmsp bqtdm]y {Inkv Xym\nIfpsS ]pnvow Ie ]cnlmkhpw ap hn[nbpw Xs bmwv hy am p Xv. blqztcm Sp a yime {InkvXym\nIfpsS FXn v ax]cw F Xv t]mse hwiobhpambncp p. s]mxpth {InkvXpaXØnte v \n _ nx ax]cnh Ø\w snbvx blqzsc bmwv sadmt\miƒ F v ]dbp Xv. A{]Imcw {InkvXp axøn te v \n _ ]q hw axw am nb apkvenwisf samdnkvt m (Morisco) F mwv hnfn ncp Xv. ]t apkvenw ]cnh ØnXsc hntijn n p samdnkvt m F ]ZØns DZv`hw aqdpiƒ (hs \m{^n bnse audnøm \nb apkvenwiƒ) F ]ZØn \n mwv h Xv. sadm t\miƒ clkyøn PqX axw BNcn ph {In]vt m PqX m (Crypto Jews) Bbncp p. F nepw sadmt\miƒ {InkvXym \niƒ F \nebn {InkvXob kvs]bn\n D X ÿm\ßƒ Ae cn p. _m nßv hmwnpy cwkßfn am{xa cmpiob IpSpw_ßfn hnhml_ w ÿm]n pibpw {InkvXob k`i fn _nj pamcpw sshznicp ambn Ah \nban s Sp Ibpw snbvxp. {ItaW CXv {InkvXob nsbn Xs hºn FXn p Iƒ v ImcWambn. blqz s Xnsc ]Ibpw hntzzjhpw Ak lnjvwpxbpw ]X ps]mßn. {InkvXym\nIƒ sadmt\m {]iv\w Hcp henb hnhmzam n. clky Øn blqzaxw BNcn p sadmt\miƒ {InkvXpaXsØ txmakv ssm pams Xpc w sh m KqVmtemN\ \SØp hcmsw Btcm]Ww simspºncns m p. 1482 kv]m\njv N v sadmt\misf thzhn]coxw (Heresy) Is Øm txmakv ssm pams (Tomas Torquemada- 1420-1498) F sshzni {]apj\v C znkn j \ Im\p A[nImcw \ In \ntbmkn p. \nch[n sadm t\misf ba]pcn b p sim v ssm pams {InkvXpaXsØ ip oicn p. _m nbp sadm t\mifpw A møhcpamb blq Zsc kvs]bn\n \n v ]pdøm m t]m nt\msv A`y Yn pi bpw snbvxp. ]t t]m v Cu A`y Y\ snhns m n. AXn\v tijw kvs]bn\nse `cwm[n Imcnbmb Cks_ cm nsb bpw s^ Un\m Uv cmpmhns\ bpw kao]n v ssm pams blqzn Isf ]pdøm m\p A`y Y\ \SØn. Cks_ bpss Ipº kmcw kzoicn p sshzni \mbncp ssm pams B \ne v sim mc hrøßfn Akmam \yamb kzm[o\hpw t] A[nImchpap hy nbmbn cp p. ssm pams bpss A`y Y\ {]Imcw blqzsc ]pdøm m\p DØc hnd nsb nepw Cks_ AXv \S m nbn. AXn\v ImcWw Cks_ m cm nbpambn A{_lmw ko\n b F Hcp blqz {]amwn p mbncp ASp ambncp p. A{_lmw ko\nbdmbncp p Cks_ bpw s^ Un\mUp ambp hnhmlw G msm nb Xv. Ahkm\w ssm pamsbpss A\ymZriamb CNvOmi n v apºn Cks_ ap pas pi bmbncp p. CXv kw_ n v ckicamsbmcp IYbp v. kvs]bn\n \n v blqzsc ]pdøm m\p DØchv ]pd Ønd nbt mƒ kvs]bn\nse [\a{ nbpw ]ptcmlnx \pamb tum Ckvlm v A{_th\ F blqz Cks_ sb clkyøn kao]n p. {]kvxpx DØchv ]n hen m h txm Xn kz Ww \ Imsa v hmkvzm \w snbvxp. Cu clky kw`m jww sim mcøn sh v Hcp apdn IØv \S ptºmƒ CXv awødn ssm pams Iøn Hcp Ipcnipambn apdnbpss hmxn X n Xpd v {]thin p Ibpw Iønep mbncp Hcp Ipcniv Db Øn C{]Imcw A lkn p Ibpw snbvxp. "ap Xv sh n min\v c Is\ H ns mspø bqzmkns\ Hm pi. \nßƒ Cu blqzcpambn clky cmdn G s SpIbmsW n c I\mb tbiphns\ Aev]w \mw b Xp piƒ v hn p IbmsW t m pi.!' t]sn v hnd v Cks_ blqznisf kvs]bn \n \n v ]pdøm m\p DØchv DS \S m pibmwp mbxv. kvs]bn\n Ahti jn H c e w PqX m Ckvlm v A{_ th\ens t\xrxzøn ]pdøp t]mbn Xp n, t\m Øm{^n, CuPn ]vxv, {^m kv, t]mf v, C en Atacn bqtdm ns hnhn[ `mkßƒ F nhnsßfn A[n hmk apd n p. Xp n km{am PyØn\v Iognepw t\m Øm{^n 30

31 hneyw tjivvkv]nb bnepw blqzniƒ v bmsxmcp ]ou\ßfpw hnthn\hpw A\p` hs n. bqtdm v ho pw ]ou \ßfpsS Ahkm\n mø Aam hmknbmwv blqz v kωm \n Xv. Cw ojv kmlnxyøn Fen k_ø ImeL Ønse A\ izc Ihnhneyw tjivkv]nb Cu ss{ikvxh blqz im{xhsø sh\oknsehym]mcn F \msi Øn Bhnjv cn n p v. {InkvXym\nbpw am\y\pamb At mwntbmsb \mbi ÿm\ Øpw ]eni hym]mcnbpw {Inkv Xym\nItfmSv IpSn Ibpambn gn ncp ssitem v F PpXIYm]m{Xw {]Xn\mbI\p amwv Cu \msiøn. s_km \ntbm F kvt\lnx\v th n ISw hmßp {InkvXym\nbmb At mwntbm ISw Xncn S p Xn ]cmpbs m s\ n \n v Hcp amwk jww apdns Sp pw F mbncp p Icm. hn[nh im ]Ww Xncn S p Xn ]cmp bs] At mwntbm ssitem ns Icmf lkvx ßfn AacpIbpw AhnsS \n v hfsc \msiobambn c s Sp XpamWv \msiønse CXnhr Øw. PqX m v {InkvXym\n ItfmSp shdp pw hntzzjhp PqX hym]mcn ssitem v Nn{XImcs `mh\bn amwv Cu \msiøns ] m Øew. AXnse Hcp kw`mjw iiew Cßs\bmW.v Bassanio: If it please, you dine with us Shylock: Yes you smell pork; to eat of the habitation which your prophet the Nazarite conjure the devil into. I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you and so following, but I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you...i hate him for he is a Christian _ m \ n t b m : (At mwntbmbpss kvt\lnx ) Xm ƒ v CjvSsa n RßfpsS ` Ww Ign mepw. ssitem v: AtX ] nbpss \m w kln m, ] n q Ønte v ]nimnns\ Bhmln \ns \kvtdøpimc\mb {]hm NIs (tbip){]tzisø Xo ; Rm \nt mssm w hmßpw, hn pw, kwkmcn pw AXp t]mesb mw snømw. F m Rm \nt mssm w Xn n, IpSn n, {]m Yn pibn... Hcp {InkvXym\n bmbxn\m Rm Ahs\ shdp p p. blqz v {InkvXym\n ItfmSp ]Ibpw ax]camb ap hn[nbpw Cu kw`mjwøn ImWmw. tbip KZdmbpsS tzisøønbt mƒ ]nimnp _m[n c pt]sc ImWpIbpw AhcpsS tzløp ]nimnns\ ASpØ ] n p Ønte v Bhmln b pibpw snbvx kw`hw ss n ]pxnb \nbaw aømbn: 8: 29 32 ImWmw. ] nsb \njn hkvxphmbn ImWp blqz\mb ssitem v tbip ] nsb Xn pibpw AXv hf Øp tziøv hkn pi bpw snøp h\msw v [z\n n p sim v {InkvXym\nbmb At mwntbmhnt\bpw _km\ntbmhns\bpw {Iqcambn ]cnlkn pibmwv. {InkvXym\n bmbxn\m am{xw Ahsc shdp p blqz a\x»m kv{xamwv tjivkv]nb ChnsS Xpd p Im p X.v (XpScpw) Reference: 1 Jews God and History - Max. I. Dimond 2 Religious encyclopeadea - Under Jewish Thought and Philosophy, 3 Story of Civilisation - Will Durant, 4 The Mercht of Venice - William Shakespeare

tej\w {]nb aeme... 2014 se kam[m\øn\p t\mt_ kwbp tpxmhv ]minkvxm\nse aemem bqkp^v kmbn v ]minkvxm\nse BZysØ t\mt_ kωm\ tpxmhv tum.a p emw kmln_v Xs A\p`hßfpsS IY hnhcn v sim v FgpXp km ni IØv DAWN ]{XØn tum. ^dmkv Xem FgpXnbXv. hnh: tum.^pbzv) aeme PohnXØn t\cn n p Xn m\p`hßƒ F nse ip`m]vxn hnizmksø sispøn f n n. ]minkvxms GI t\mt_ tpxmhv F mbncp p Fs Ghcpw hntijn n Xv. F m BZysØ t\mt_ tpxmhv F v hnfn Ww F v Rm ]dbpambncp p. kt m v Zmkv F sndp] WØnembncp p Fs P\\w. \ns P tziamb kzmøv Xmgvhct]mse {]IrXn cawobsam pambncp n RßfpsS \msv. F m [mcmfw km[yxifpw \ `mhnbpw Rßƒ v e`yambncp p. Rm hf v h Xv PwKv ] WØnemWv. C v B ] Ww Xo{h hmz {]ÿm\ßƒ If nxam nbncn p p. ] m_v k mdnse hnzym`ymkhip nse Hcp DtZymKÿ\mbncp p Fs ]nxmhv. \ns D At±lsØ ]cnnbs ncp psh n Ah \ kplrøp fmipambncp p Fs \n v Dd p v. \ns t]mse Xs ]T\hnjbßfn Rm AXoh X ]c\mbncp p Rm\pw. Cw ojv DdpZp kmlnxyßfmwv Fs CjvS hnjbßsf nepw Rm tim`n Xv KWnX imkv{xønembncp p. sa{sn ptej ]co bn hfsc sndp{]mbøn sdt m Uv am t mssbmbncp p Fs Pbw. F m \o t\cn Xv t]msebp cmjv{sob {]iv\ßsfm pw hnzym`ymkimeøv F\n v t\cnts n h n n. kviqfpiƒ IØn pibpw hnzym`ymkw hne pibpw snøp Xmen_ms\ sbm pw Rßƒ v t\cnts n h n n. \o t\cn sh phnfnifpw hne pifpw \o kss[cyw AXnPohn ncn p p. Ct mgpw \ns Hmtcm \nizmkhpw Ah p sh phnfnbmbn XpScp p. \n\ v t\mt_ e`n Xv \ns A{IanIsf tim]n n ncn bmwv. \ns cmpyøp ]e pw Cu ]pckv mcw Zln p n. CXns\sb mw XcWw snøm \ BXva ss[cyw thww. \ns 32 tum. A_vZp emw aemem bqkp^v kmbn F\n dnbmw. \o [ocbmwv. Cu cmpyw A[nIsam pw apt m v t]mbn n. Hcp sx pw snømø \ns Ah A]lkn p p. H s SpØp p. ]dbs B ImcyØn Rm\p a\p`hÿ\mwv. Hcp cmpyw F \nebn Io ØnItfm {]iwkitfm A \ap v th sx v txm nt mhp p. ChcpsSsb mw h Øam\w tiƒ ptºmƒ klxm]amwp \ap v th Xv. \o Hcp Cc am{xambn gnbm Ah B{Kln p p. Ccbmbncn ptºmƒ Ah \ns {]Io Øn p. \o Hcp lotdm Bbn temiønse F m s] Ip nifpssbpw {]Xn\n[nbmbn amdnbt mƒ Ah \n\s Xnsc Xncnbp p. tamtf, ]minkvxm\v lotdmisf Xmßm\mhn. ]ounx BXvam sf temiøn\v Imgv sh p XnemWv \ap v B\μw simtfmwnbenkv piƒ, tkznvom[n]xniƒ Fs ms \mw ap{z IpØnbn p P\X apkvenwitfmsv ImWn n p {IqcX v {]XnImcw ho m\mwv \ΩpsS \m nse BfpIƒ v Bthiw. B {IqcXIfn Gsdbpw km niamwpxm\pw.

sshtzini i nifpss IpX{ ßfpw P \ßfpw aqew \ap v \jvss Hcp CJv_menb kz Kw B sshtzinbsc sim v AwKoIcn n m \mw shºp p. \ΩpsS CSbnep A{Iaßsf pdn v ]dbp Xv CØcpWØn Hcn epw ]msn s{x. \ΩpsS CSbn Agn msp hntzzjßsf Ipdn v Ft mƒ \ mbn Adnbmhp h Npcp amtb D mhq. t\mt_ G phmßptºmƒ Rm\dn ncp n Cu hntzzjøns Bghpw ]c pw. ] m_n thjawn p sim v kyq pw tim pawn BfpIƒ nsbn \n pw kωm\w G phmßnbt mƒ Fs cmpysø {]Xn\n [oicn p Xn Rm A`nam\w sim p. ]t Rm {]Xn\n[oIcn s Xn Fs cmpyw NmcnXm Yycmbncp n. Fs hnizmkw ImcWw Rm kzxz hxv cn s p. Fs ]ucmhimißƒ [zwkn s p. Nne k hiemimeifn F\n v hne v I n s p. Fs imkv{x kw`m h\iƒ Fs P\X ]pnvon p. HSphn kz w \m n A\y\mbn Ignbp Xnt\ mƒ \ Xv ]pdw \m n tpmen snøembncp p F v Rm Xncn dn p. AXn\mbn Rm \n _ nx \mhpibmbncp p. At mƒ Rm cmpyt{zm lnbpw h I\pambn. s]m ptamtf, B ]ZhnIsf mw Rm \n\ v ssiamdp p. ]ZhnIƒ am{xa AhtbmsSm w h ptn lrzb `mcßfpw thz\ifpw Rm tjz]q hw Xcp p. \obmwv \hh I. \h t{zmln. \ns kw`mh\iƒ Bhiyan mø Hcp tzi m v kam[m\hpw BXvam`nam\hpw kωm\n pi F ITn\amb ZuXyamWv \ns ap nep Xv. IpcpØw si Hcp ai\p AΩ Ahs\ kvt\ln p Xv t]mse \obpw \ns i{xp sf kv t\ln m {ian pi. Hcp ]t Fs nepw Ah \ mipsa v \ap v {]Xo n mw. Cu cmpyøn\v t\mt_ kωm\w t\sns msp m\p `mkyw F\n p mbn. Ct mƒ \mw c v t]cmbn. C\nbpw IqSpX t]cp mhs. kvt\l]q hw A p emw ]Tn v F v.fkv. Imht»cn X p t]sn msx sn mw \ hnzymebsam nxm, Nqc IjmbtaInSpw kmdn ]SnhmXnen \ hm pitfmxnbpw \ X hgn Im nbpw \sωsb pw XpW nspw \ Kpcp sfs mgpw ]Tn n n \Ωsf ]Tn bs{x \Ωsf ]Tn p, ]mt]pkvxiw ]Tn am{xambnsm IhnX ap n \nh Øn hs mco aæn ]mthenifn ]mtsam p ]Tn pin ]Tn p tiaambnspw {]] sas mcxv`px ]mtimebtxm phn ]Tn pxocpibn t m ansn p Xocpw apºp \mw!. 33

tej\w em \_nø _AvZo F hmiyøns hnh dkq Xncp ta\n(k) v tijw bmsxmcphn[ønep {]hmni\pw hcp X F v ÿm]n m A\lvaZn ]finx m Db Øp Hcp hmzamwv em \_oø _AvZo F lzokv. B lzokns bym Y hnh sb msw v hnhcn p tej\w. auem\m A p mlv F v. F "em \_nø _AvZn (Fs ]ndsi \_nbn ) F v \_n(k) Xncp ta\n ]d p sh Xvhmkv Xhw Xs. F m Jp B\nse ]e hmiyßfn \n pw Xncpta\n (k) v tijw {]hmni\p mim sa pw D mimhp XmsW pw kv]jvsambn sxfnbp Xv sim v B hnip hmiyßƒs Xncmb Hcp A Yw \_n (k) Xncpta\n {]kvxpxhn\øn\p hnh n Xmbn hnnmcn phmt\m AØcw Hc Yw \mw AXn\v I n p hmt\m Hcn epw ]msp X. \mw Ft mgpw lzokns\ hymjym\n t Xv hnip Jp B\v A\p tbmpyamb hn[ønembncn W at m. F p sims m lzo kpifpss ta Jp B {]amw ambncn Wsa msx Jp Bs ta lzokv {]amwambncn p X. Rm ]d Xmbn Hcpcnhmb Øv In nbm AXns\ Jp B\pambn HØpt\m pi bpw HØp ImWp ] w kzoi cn pibpw A mø ] w (Rm ]d Xs v sh v) X n fbpibpw th XmWv F Xncp ta\n (k)bpss I \ Xs CXn\v B[mcambncn p p. BIbm F\n v tijw \_n bn F XncphmIyØns A Yw hnip Jp B\v FXncmbn cn p X. At mƒ taen D mhp X, F v {]kvxpx hn\øn \ntj[n s Xv ]pxnb \ymb{]amwtømsp IqSn b Xncpta\n(k)tbmSp XpS IqSmsX kzx{ amb {]hmni XztØmSpw Xncpta\n(k)bpsS JmØap _oøo F ÿm \Øn\v If Icamb hmztømsp IqSnb {]hmni am{xamip p. F\n v tijw \ymb{]amw tømspw Ft msp XpS IqSmsX kzx{ amb ZuXytØm Sp IqSnb Hcp {]hmni D mip X F p Xncpta\n hy ambn ]d ncp ns Xv hmkvx hw Xs. F m AXoh m \nbmb B {]hmni t{ijvt hnip Jp B\v FXncmbn h Xpw ]d psh v hnnmcn p hm t]mepw ]msn møxmip p. AXn\m Xncpta\n (k)bpss {]kvxpx hn\øn\v AØcØn ep kzx{ \mb Hcp {]hmn I hcp Xs v A YsaSp p hmt\\nh Ønbp q. Cu hn\ sø Jp Bs XØzØn\pw Xn cpta\n (k) bpss H msibp D]tZi Øns Xm ]cyøn\pw tbmpyamb XcØn hymjym\n pib msx, Hcp hmiysøam {Xw ap \n Øn adphiw t\m m sx A Y\n Wbw snøp Xn\v ]pds Sp Xmbm A_ w ]nwbp Xn\v CSbmIp p. Npcp Øn em \_oø _AvZo F hn\øn\v hnip Jp B\n \n v shfnhmip XØz Øn\v FXncmbn p Hc Yw I n mhx. {]hmni\p mim sa v hnip Jp B\n \n v hy ambn a\ nemhp Xv sim v. \_nbns v ]d Xv ]pxpxmb \ymb{]amwtømsp IqSnbXpw Xncpta\ntbmSp Xp S bpw B{ibhpw IqSmsXbpw D {]hmni D mip Xs A YØnemsW pw hcpsa v ]d Xv Xncpta\n(k)sb A\p kcn pibpw Xncpta\nbp ss \ymb {]amwsø {]t_m[\w snøpibpw {]_es SpØpI bpw snøp {]hmni hcp sa A YØnemsW pw {Kln t nbncn p p. em \_nø _Av Zo F v Acp fnsnbvxn p \_n (k) Xncp ta\n Xs Cuk_v\p a bw AhXcn p XmsW v {]hnn n pap v. Xncpta\n(k) At±lsØ pdn v Cama pw an pw \nß fn \n p \nßfpss Camw F v ]d XpsIm v At±lw 34

Xncpta\n(k)bpsS A\pbmbn Ifn \n p Bfmbncn p sa pw ÿm]n ncn p Xv {]Im cw Xs, At±lsØ pdn v \_nbp mlv A mlphns {]hmni F v ]d psim v At±lw Hcp \_nbmbncn p sa v ÿm]n ncn p p. CXn\v ]pdsa Xncpta\n(k) Xs ai C{_mlnans\ pdn v ai Pohn ncp psh n \_nbmipambn cp p F v ]d XpsIm v X\n v tijw {]hmni\p mip sa v a\ nem nx ncn p p. Xncpta\n(k)bpsS Cu c p hn[ Ønep {]kvxmh\ifpw ]ckv ]c hncp ßfmsW phcpin, c pw {]amwßfs v sh v Xt XmWv. A{]Imcw X p ] w \_n Xncpta\n(k) v tijw {]hmni\ns hna i IcpsS hmzwzp _es p t]mip XmWv. F m Xncp\_n (k) ]ckv]c hncp w ]d psh v hnnmcn p Xv Xosc AcpXmØ XmIp p. BIbm Xncpta\n(k) bpss {]kvxpx c v Xcw {]kvxm h\ifpw ]ckv]c hncp as pw \_nbp mip Xs v ]d Xv Hcp {]txyixcøn ep {]hmni\p mip Xs A YØnemsW pw C\nbp m Ipsa v ]d Xv as mcp XcØn ep {]hmni\m sw pw a\kn emt nbncn p p. Npcp Øn Xncpta\n (k) bpss hn\ ßfn \n v Xs {]hmni hcp XmsW v a\ nemip Xv sim v em \_nø _AvZo F Xns Xm ]cyw Hcp {]Imc Ønep {]hmni\pw hcpibn s v hnnmcn phm Hcn epw ]msn. AXns Xm ]cyamis Xncpta\n(k)bpsS \ymb{]am WsØ Zp _es SpØpItbm t`zs SpØpItbm snøp Hcp {]hn\it\m, Xncpta\n (k) tbm Sp XpS IqSmsX kzx{ \mb Hcp {]hmnit\m hcp Xs mwv kv]jvsamhp p. AYhm em \_nø _AvZn F \_n hn\sø Jp B\pw {]_eamb a p lzokpiƒ pw FXncmbXcØn Xncpta\n (k) v tijw Hcp XcØnep {]hmni\pw hcp X F A YØn hymjym\n p Xv \ymbambncn psa n Aapkv enwisfsb mw simt XmsW pw tam {]m]vxn mbn em Ceml C mlp' F Iena D cn m axnbmhpsa pw axw amdp hscsb mw simt XmsW pw lzokp sim p sxfnbp p F p ]dtb n hcp Xmbm AXpw km[phm bncn p XmWv. F v sims m P\ßƒ em Ceml C mlp F Iena snm p Xvhsc AhtcmSv bp w snøm Rm B m]n s ncn p p F pw em Ceml C mlp F v B ]dbp pthm Abmƒ kz KØn {]thin p XmWv F pw B Xs axw amdp p thm Ahs\ sim pi F pw \_n ( k) Acpfn snbvxxmbn _pjmcn, apkvenw apxemb lzokv {KŸßfn ImWp p v. Jp B {]t_m[\ßsfbpw \_n Xncpta\n(k)bpsS a p hn\ ßsfbpw Ahew_n msx, {]kv XpX hmiyßfpss _mlyamb Xm ]cysø am{xw {]amwn pibmsw n F m Aapkvenw ItfmSpw Ah Iena snm p Xphsc, bp w sntø Xm sw pw tam {]m]vxn mbn em Ceml C mlp F p D cn m am{xw axnbmipsa pw axw amdp hscsb mw (Aap kvenw apkvenambmepw apkvenw Aapkvenambmepw) sim p If tb XmsW pw kωxnt Xmbnhcpw. Cßs\ kωxn pi sb Xv hnip Jp Bs {]t_m[\ßƒ pw \_n (k) Xncpta\nbpsS D]tZißƒ pw PohnX amxriiƒ pw hncp am bncn p XmWv. F p am{xa, B hmiyßsf {]kvxpxm Y Øn {Kln p ] w hnip Jp B\pw \_n(k)bpss {]t_m [\ßfpsa mw {]tbmp\ iq\y ßfmbn Xocp XpamWv. AXn \m {]kvxpx lzokpifpss Dt±iyw AXmbncn psa v hnnmcn mhp X. CtX{]Imcw Xs em \_nø _AvZo F hn\øn\v Hcp {]ImcØnep \_n pw hcmhp Xs A Yw I n p Xv Jp B\nse \nch[n hmiyßƒ pw l Z o k p I ƒ p w FXncmbn p XmIbm AXv kzoimcyambncn p X. em i Øns {]tbmkßƒ em \_n ø _AvZo (F\n v tijw {]hmn\i\n ) F lzokns Xm ]cyw Hcp {]txyi XcØnep {]hmni C \ n b p m I p Xs pam{xamsw v hnip Jp B\n \n pw lzokn \n pw a\ nemhp Xv. Ad_n `mjbnse {]tbmka\pkcn v {]kvxpx lzokn\v A Yw simsp mhp XmWv.. Cu lzoknse em (C m) F pw _AvZo (tijw) F pw c v ]Z ßsf pdn v \mw ChnsS Nn nt Xp v. Ad_n `mjbn em i_vzw Pn kns\ (PmXnsb) \ntj[n p Xn\m bns t]mse hntijw KpWsØ \ntj[n p Xn\m bn pw D]tbmKn s Smdp v. Cu {]tbmkøn\v \_n hn\ßfn \n p Xs F{Xtbm DZmlcW ßƒ Nq n m m\p v. DZmlc Wambn: em lnpvdø _AvZ ^Xlv (^Xlv (a mhnpbw) tijw lnpvdøn ) em Zo\ ena em Aam\Øv elp Aam\Øv AYhm hnizkvxxm KpWw C møh\p axan F pw \_n (k) Acpfnbn p v. em ssk^p C m Zp ^p m Zp ^p md msx Hcp hmfpan, em ^Øo C m Aen 35

Aenbn msx Hcp bphmhn F pap Ad_n B]vX hmiyßfpw CXnte v DZmlc WßfmWv. {]kvxpx hn\ßfn se em {]tbmkn n cn p Xv hntijw KpWsØ \ntj[n p Xn\mbn msx, Pn kns\ AYhm PmXnsb \ntj[n phm \mbn. BIbm Aen A m sx Hcp bphmhpan F Xns Xm ]cyw Aensb t]mse bphmhns kie KpWßfpw XnI thsd Hcp bphmhpan F msx temiøv thsd bphmhp Xs bn F Xmbn cn mhx. CXv t]mse Xs Zp ^p md msx as mcp hmfpan F Xns hnh AXpt]msemcp hmfn F msx temiøv thsd Hcp hmfn F. C{]Imcw Aam\Øn emøh\p axan F p ]d Xv Ah\p tihew ax ans Ahs ax \njvt ]q Wa F A YØnemWv. AXpt]mse hnpbøn\v tijw lnpvdøn F hmiyøns Xm ]cyw AXn\v tijw lnpvdøv tihew D mip X F. a hnpbøn\v apsº t]mse A{Xta bp lnpvdøv D m Ip Xs t m a bn \n pw lnpdøv sntø Xmbn n s t m Bbncn mt\ ]msp q. {]kvxpx hmiyøn bmsxm ns \ntj[øn\mbn em i_vzw {]tbmkn s ncn p pthm AXns\ tiheambn \ntj[n pib {]txyi KpW tømspiqsnb hy nsb \ntj[n pi am{x amwv snøp Xv. CtX {]Imcw Xs em \_nø _AvZo F Xnse em {]hmni hip n se F m hy nisfbpa {]txyi XcØnep Nne hy n Isf am{xamwv \ntj[n p Xv. AXmbXv ]pxpxmbn h \ymb {]amwtømspiqsnb {]hmn It\m \_n Xncpta\n(k)tbmSp IqSnb XpS IqSmØ kzx{ \mb {]hmnit\m C\n D mip Xs p \ntj[n pi am{xamip p; AXn\m {]kvxpx lzokv a m hnpbøn\v tijw lnpvd Øn F pw a pw ]d XcØn ep Hcp hn\w Xs bmsw pw a\ nemhp p CXn\v ]pdta \_n Xncpta\n (k) Cdm\ntebpw tdmambnsebpw N{Ih Ønamsc pdn v C{]Imcw ]d ncn p Xmbn ImWp p. In{km cmpmhv acn m At±l Øn\v tijw In{kbn ssik cmpmhv acn m At±lØn\v tijw ssikdpan (_pjmcn). Ghsc pdn v Xncpta\n(k) C{]Imcw {]kvxmhn pthm Ah cpss acwtijhpw thsd In{k bpw ssikdpw knwlmk\mtcm lww snbvxn p v. AXn\m AhcpsS ]ndsi In{kmbpw ssikdpan F. Xncpta\n (k) ]d Xv tihew In{kbpw ssikdpw Cs A YØnem bncn m CSbn. AXmbXv A sø B In{k ssik amsc t]mse {]Xm]nIfmb In{kmam D mins A YØnembncn ms\ ]msp q. Xncpta\n(k) \n tzin B In{km ssik amcp ss ]ndsibpw AhcpsS ÿm\øv In{kmbpw ssikdpw D mbn cp Xv sim v lzokns ]fin X m C F Xn\v Ahsc t]msebp h C F p Xm ]cyw ]d ncn p p. klolp _pjmcnbpss hymjym\amb ^Yp _mcn F {KŸØn A ma: AkvIem\n ( d) {]kvxpx lzokns\ Ipdn v C{]Imcw ]d p: At±lØn\v tijw ssik dn F v ]d Xns A Yw At±lsØ t]mse `cwm[nim cap ssikdp mbncn pi bn F msw v JØm_n ]d ncn p p. ho pw B {KŸw ]dbp p: Ah c p t] pw tijw thsd In{kbpw ssikdpw D mbncp pht m F v \nßƒ tnmzn pibmsw n ]nºp h v apºsøhsct mse {]Xm]ap mbncp ns v Rm ]d p sim s. {]kvxpx lzokns Xm ]cyw C{]Imc ambncn p Xv t]mse Xs F\n v tijw \_nbn F v Xncpta\n(k)Acpfn snbvxxns hnh nxw Xncpta\nsb t]mse bp {]hni\pw {]txyi \ymb {]amwtømspiqsnb {]hmn I\pw C\nbp mhx F mwv. F msx Xncpta\n (k) v tijw Hcp XcØnep {]hm N I\pw D mip Xs v AXn\v A Yambncn mhp X. Npcp Øn \_n(k)xncpta \nbpss lzokpifn Xs em F ]Zw Hcp hip n s t{ijvt KpWtØmSp IqSnb hy nisf am{xw \ntj[n p Xn\mbn p {]tbmkn s n p Xv sim v em \_nø _AvZo F hmiyønse em i hpw \_namsc tiheambn \ntj[n p Xn\mbn, Hcp {]txyi Xcw {]hmni msc \ntjv[n p hcmbn mwv {]tbmkn s n p sx v a\ nemhp p. BIbm Cu hmiyøns Xm ]cyw Xncpta\n(k) v tijw \_nbp mins. Xncpta\n v kam\amtbm \ymb {]amw Imc\mtbm Xncpta\ntbmSv XpS IqSmsX kzx{ \mbp {]hm NI hcp Xs v am{xam Ip psh v ax ]finx m Xs kωxn n p.vv www.alislam.org 36

- A\p`hw As mcp Znhkw knuv\nbn A sø ]Xnhv tpmenisf mw Ign t mƒ Imk tim p Imc Pm pambp ao nßv. (Imk tim pimc A p \nkm Hmkvt{Xenbbn FØn bt mƒ Fßs\ Pm v Bbn F Xv Rm\nt mgpw At\zjn p as mcp Imcyw). ]Xnhv t]mse ]d kabøv Xs Rm At±lØns Hm^okn FØn. knuv\nbn \n v 30- - - 40 In. an. amdn ªm v Su F ÿeømwv At±lØns Hm ^ok.v ªm v Su F v t]cp Xv sim mimw a p sndp kn nifn \n pambn IdpØ h K m IqSpX ImWp Hcp ÿew BWnXv. ChnsS \n v 12 In. an. AIse am kvsu ]m n\spømwv knuv\nbnse \ΩpsS ] n. Hmkvt{Xenbbnse BZysØ AlvaZn ] nbpanxv Xs. Pm v s]mxpth henb kab \njvtc mø BfmbXv sim v IrXy kaøv FØp Xn F\n v henb Bthisam pap m bncp n. F nepw kabøv Xs Rm Hm^okn FØn. Hmkvt{Xenbbnse t]cv ti Hcp tam vtkpv _m ns (hosv hmßm hmbv] simsp p _m v) amt\p BWv \ΩpsS Pm v. Hmkvt{Xenbbn IqSpX hosv sh m Xm ]cyw FSp p h C y mcmbxv sim v Pm ns _nkn\kv s]s v hf p. C y IΩyqWn nbn AXymhiyw t]cv ti tzlamwv Pm t±lw. Rm FØnbt mƒ Xs Ccp]Ønaq v ^maneniƒ Pm n\v th n ImØncn p v. AhnsS Pm ns Aknkv v 37 hn.]n _jo, knuv\n _jo (atejy mc _jo ) t\csø Xs FØnbncp p. s]mxpsh kwkmcw Ipd v F m tpmenbn AXoh \nakv\\mb Hcp {]txyi {]IrX mc\mwv _jo. Fs t mƒ Xs _jo Ccn m ]d p. _jo ho pw tpmen bn apgpin. Rm Ccp v _m n s amkkn adn pt\m m XpSßn. At mtg pw \ΩpsS Pm v kpkvtac hz\\mbn hs Øn. Xs kzxkn amb ssi enbn F mhscbpw kwt_m[\ snbvxp Pm v knuv\nbn Xm meniambn Rm Bcw`n am nßv _nkn\ ns ÿncw Ikv a BWv Pm v. Xm Bcw`n Pizza {_m Uns F m {]n v h pifpw Fs bmwv Pm v G n. Hcp ]pxnb _nkn\kv kwcw`w XpSßm\pw Pizza tjm nßns am n ßns\ pdn v N snøm\pamwv Pm v Fs hnfn Xv. F v _nkn\kv Bbncn pw Pm v Dt±in Xv. F v Adnbm\p BImw bpw. C\n snbvxv sim ncn p h ns KpW \ne hmcw Ipd Xv ]dbm\m twm F B[nbpw C\n AX Ct mƒ simsp p td v Ipd v simsp m\mbncn ptam ]p n πm snbvxxv F v BtemNn ncn ptºmgmwv s]msp t\ Pm v tnmzyw C Xv! GSm \o GXm hn`mkw? Ign 5-, 6 amksø ]cnnb Øn\nSbn Hcn t]mepw D mimø Hcp tnmzyw Fßs\ Ct mƒ h p F v Nn n p tºmgmwv ASpØ tnmzyw h Xv ""\o JmZnbm\nbmtWm?'' At mƒ Xs Rm Dd n p... CXv Kpcphmbq mc ss^k Xs. Pm ns\ ]cnnbs Sp Xn\v apºv Rm knuv\nbn Is Ønb aebmfn apkvenamwv Kpcp hmbq mc ss^k. apkvenw aebmfniƒ hfsc hncfambxv sim mwv Cßs\ ]cnns Sp aebmfnisf {]txyi kvt\l tømss Hm Øvsh p Xv. ss^ kens\ {]txyiw Hm m Imc Ww Rm AlvaZnbmsW v Adnbmhp Npcp w Nnecn HcmfmWv ss^k. IqSmsX Pm ns\bpw Fs bpw Adnbp Htcsbmcp hy nbpw ss^k Xs. Hcn Rm\pw `mcybpw IqSn ss^kens ho n sh v Alv aznøøns\ pdn v Hcp sndnb N Xs \SØpIbp mbn. AhnsS IqSpXepw kwkmcn Xv ss^kens `mcybmbncp p. \m nse Ad_nt mtfpn \n v ]Tn ndßnb ss^kens `mcy Hmkvt{Xenbmbnse IpSpw_ kwkaßfn Hcp ÿncw {]`m ji IqSnbmbncp p ss^k Xs Adnhpw Bthihpw IqSpX {]ISn n pi t^kv _q nemsw v am{xw. At mƒ \nßƒ \nkv mcw F mw 5 Xs. t\mºpw k m Øpw Hs? ]ns thsdsb m mamwv hyxymkw. Pm v tnmzyßƒ Hmtcmt mtcm mbn sxmspøv hnsm XpSßn. F mw H v Xs Pm v, Rm sas XpSßn. Ienabpw Jp B\pw \nkvimchpw l pw t\mºpw k møpw F mw H v Xs. ]ns Npcp w Nne ImcyßfnemWv hntbmpn v. Rßƒs mcp Jeo^bp v. A mlp hns A\p{Klw Bb {]hmnixzw \ne n n F v Rßƒ hnizkn p p. AXv am{xa dkq Xncpta\n(k) {]hn\w snbvx Camw alvzn BK X\mbn F pw Cukm \_n(a)

acn p t]mbncn p p F pw Rßƒ hnizkn p p. tm,? Cukm (A) ]ns acn msxbncn ps t m? Bcv ]d p? Rßsf mw Cuk acn p F mwt m hnizkn p Xv At _jotd? atejy m c _jodns\ t\m n Pm v D Øn tnmzn p. Rm BsI Bib pg Ønembn. A Pm v AlvaZnIsfmgnsI F m apkvenw Ifpw Cukm \_n (A) Ct mgpw Pohn ncn p p F mwv hnizkn p Xv. IqSmsX Cukm\_n Ahkm\ ImeØv c maxpw Cd ßnhcpsa pw hnizmkap v. Pm v Fs h msømcp t\m w t\m n. Ch\nsXs m amwv ]dbp sx a n. C _jo Rm\nXv hsc ti n n t m... Cukm \_n Ct mgpw A ßs\ Pohn ncn m...??? ]St ms\, Pm ns\ Rm\n sxßs\ t_m[n n pw? Pm v \m n hbfv H pw tiƒ mdp mbncp nt? apsºms hbfv ]cºcifn Cukm\_nbpsS BImitØ p Ib hpw c mw hchpw ] nsb sim epw IpcnipS epw F mw hnjb ßfmbncp p. Ct mƒ htc kabw Ign Xv sim v Bcpw B hnjbw kwkm cn p n. Pm n\v A{X hnizmkw h n. atejy mc _jo Xm H padn n F a n Fs h mø Hcp t\m w t\m n. Rm DSs\ Xs Fs tamss_ t^mswspøv k v snøm XpSßn. Secound coming of isa F Sn t mƒ Xs In n hnhcßƒ!!. B[nImcnIambn Xs InS s F v IcpXn Wikkipeadia Xs FSpØv t\m n. hfsc hnizambn Xs Imcyßƒ InS p v. apkvenw `pcn] Øns hnizmkw Cukm \_n Ct mgpw Pohn ncn p p F msw pw Rm Pm n\v hmbn p tiƒ n p. Pm ns apjsø B cyw Ct mgpw amdnbn n. Aßs\ \o p t]mb N bn sxm m In mhp F m tamss_ hnhcßfpw h v Rm BZyw Cuk \_n (A) sb Pohn n p. ]ns AhnsS sh v Xs Jp B\nse sxfnhpiƒ \ncøn Cukm \_n (A) sb F\n v acn nt nbpw h p. CXv Ign t mgmwv F\n v BizmkambXv.. IqSpX N Iƒ ]ns Hcn BImsa v Dd v \ In AhnsS \n pw Cdßptºƒ akolv auduzv (A) ]d Hcp ImcyamWv F\n v H a h Xv. \nßƒ v Hcp Imew hcpw, A v Cuk \_nsb ImØp \n v \nßfpss IÆpIƒ own p Ibpw ]ns Cu hnizmkw temiwssishsnbpibpw snøpw, F {]hn\w Cu N Iƒ nsbn Rm t]mb Imcyw ad p t]mbn. F nepw _nkn\kns\ mfpw C sø Znhkw akolv auduzv ]d Hcp {]hn\w ]pe kt mjømepw Ckm \_n (A) sb acn n p F kwxr]vxn tbmssbpw ªm v Su kvt j e yam n Rm \S p. Reaching the corners of the Earth Every Friday live at 13.00 GMT on MTA International Live Translations: English, French, Arabic, German, Bengali Translations on repeat Russian, Turkish, Swahili, Tamil, Malayalam PpapA JpXzv_ F m sh nbmgvnifnepw ] nifn {]m Y\bv mbv Hcpan p IqSm apkvenwiƒ \njvi jn s ncn p p. Cu sh nbmgvn {]m Y\bneqsS hy n]chpw kaql]chpamb {]iv\ßƒ N snøm\pw Bhiyamb ]cnlmcßƒ txsm\pw apkvenwiƒ v Ahkcw ssihcp p. BtKmf AlvaZnøm apkvenw PamAØns ]cam y Jeo^Øp akolv A ma lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv (AøZlp) BgvNtXmdpw \n hln p hcp PpapA {]`mjww apkvenw ssenhnj AlvaZnø (MTA)bneqsS temiw apgph hnhn[ `mjifnep X Pa klnxw kwt{]jww snøs Sp p. CXneqsS AlvaZnøm Camw, ] nbn Hcpan p IqSnbhsc am{xa adn v apgptemitøbpamwv A`nkwt_m[\ snøp Xv. Cu kwhn[m\w aptj\ ImeØns Caman\v BtKmf apkvenw kapzmbsø D]tZin m\pw Ahsc Ae n s m ncn p ImenI {]iv\ßƒ p ]cnlmcw IrXykabØpXs \n tzin m\pw HuZmcyhm\mb A mlp hgnsbmcp n bncn p p. www.mta.tv 38

Ipdn piƒ awkƒbm Db Øp BImi Nn Iƒ apkm^n 2014 sk]vxw_ 24 cmhnse C y kv mt Uv kabw 7.17 \v awkƒbm F v hym]iambn Adnbs Sp C ybpss snmδm {`aw]y ZuXyw ( Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) 66.6 timsn Intem ao dpiƒ ssz Lyap hnp\ iq\yamb KK\ hoyniƒ Xm n ]Øv amkøn\v tijw snmδm{kl Øns {`aw ]YØn FØn bncn p p. 2013 \hw_ 5 \mwv {iolcntim bn \n v awkƒbm s hnt ]Ww \S Xv. Nm{μZq cøns Bbncw asßv A[nIw!!. 120 timsntbmfw hcp `mcxo bcpss A`nam\w BImi hnxm \ØnseØn Cu almzuxyw, C y kvs]bvkv dnk v Hm Kss\tkj sf kv B H (ISRO) bpss Io Øn ap{zbm bn hmgvøs Spw. IWniamb KW\ {InbIfpw D Xamb imkv{x `mh\bpw hn phogv bn mø ITn\m zm\ hpw kpzrvamb BXvahnizm khpw k thm]cn sszh klm bhpw HØptN m am{xta CØcw ZuXyßƒ ]nghn msx hnpbønseøn m km[y amhq. imkv{xob k ßsf bmym Yyam p m\ k]cy bpw ITn\bXv\hpamWv CXn\m hiyw. Atacn bnse \mk, ]gb tkmhy v bqwnb\nse tdmkv timkvtamkv, bqtdm]y kvt]bvkv GP kn F o kº cpw hn]peamb imkv{x ÿm]\ßfpap cmpyßfpss _lncmimi GP kniƒ am{x ta hnpbicambn snmδ ZuXyw ]q Ønbm nbn p q. Ahcp sssb mw I nbm{xiƒ ]cm PbaSbpIbpw snbvxxmwv. B Iq Øn ]mhßfpss \msmb \ΩpsS C y \ap v kln m hp tihew 450 timsn cq] snehn G hpw Ipd kabw sim v (15 amkw) BZy bm{xbn Xs D Xamb Hcp BImikz]v\w km mxv cn ncn p p. awkƒbm FØp Xn\v c v Znhkw aptºbmwv Atacn Ab tah (MA- VEN-Mars Atmosphhere and Volatile Evolutionn) t]siw snmδbn FØnbXv. A c sim w FSpØmWv Atacn bpss \mk Cu ZuXyw ]q Øo I cn Xv. C ybnse ] nwn am nbn p t]msc BImi Kthj Ww? F v ]cnlmk ]q hw tnmzn ]m mxytemisø Al mcnifmb imkv{x m p adp]sn IqSnbmWv awkƒbm\neqss C ybnse {]Xn`mimenIfmb imkv{x m \ InbXv. AanX Nne hpw [q Øpw aqew _lncm Imiw _mentidm aebmbns m ncn p ]m mxy imkv{x temiw D]{Kl \n amwøn\pw hnt ]WØn\pw kao]`mhn bn C ysb B{ibn p IqsS n F \ne h ncn p p. snmδbnse Pe km n yw ]cntim[n p sseam B ^m t^mt m ao snmδbpssbpw AXns D]{Klamb t^mt_m kns bpw Nn{XsaSp p amkv If Iymad, Xm]hnIncWw A] {KYn v aæns [mxp`q]sw Xøm dm p sx a C {^m sduv Iymad, snmδbpss A co sø pdn v ]Tn p am kv FIvskmkvs^dnIv \yq{sƒ timw t]mknj A\ssek Pohs ASbmfaps msb dnbm aoty km n[yw ]cntim[n p aoty sk k XpSßnb 5 t]temup IfmWv (]co W D]IcWßƒ) awkfƒbm\nep Xv. ChnsS Hcp Imcyw \mw Hm Ww. Pohs kqniamb aoty c p hn[ønemwv D m Zn n s Sp sx v IcpXp p. AXn H v AKv\n ] hxkvt^m S\ßfn \n mw.v as m v PohhkvXp ƒ No fnbptºm gpw. snmδbn kpohamb AKv \n ] hxßsfm pan. ]ns aotys km n[yw F v sim v? imkvx sc Ipg p Cu tnmzyøn\v awkƒbm \ Ip DØcØn\v th n FIvtkm _tbmfpn (_lncmimiøv Poh s km n yw ]cntim[n p imkv{xw) ImtXm pibmwv. snmδm ZuXyØn\v C ysb kw_ n nstømfw ]ca {][m \amb as mcpam\w IqSnbp v. C ybn F m axønepw s] _lp`qcn ] w hnizmknifpw A hnizmkøns XShdbnem 39

Wv F Xv G hpw \n `mkyicam b Hcp hkvxpxbmwv. AXn G hpw {][m\hpw k hhym]ihp amb H mwv lnμpaxønse PmXI hnizmkw. alømb B ymxvani XØzßƒ Dƒ s m p lnμpaønep Hcp A hnizmkamwv {Klÿn Xnbne[njvSnXamb tpymxnj hnizkw, inip P\n mepw a p I aßfpssbpw ^ekn n {Kl ÿnxn B{ibn mwv F mwv tpymxnjw ]dbp Xv. AXn\m bp {KlÿnXn Adnbm PmXI hn[n{]imcap cmin N{IsØbmWv B{ibn mdv. \ΩpsSsb mw hospifn Xqßp Ie dpifn ]{ v I n ItfmSpIqSnb Hcp kanxpcw ImWmw. AXmWv cmin N{Iw. cmin N{IØn \h{klßfpw 27 \ {Xßfpw FhnsSsb mw \n p p F Xns\ B{ibn mwv `mhn ^eap mip Xv F mwv hnizmkw. Cu A hnizmkw lnμp kaqløn F{Xam{Xw cqvaqeamwv F Xn s sxfnhmwv cmin N{Iw tcjs SpØnb Cu knhn Ie dpiƒ. PmXIØn snmδm tzmjap mbm B s] Ip n bpss PohnXw ]ns ZpcnXab ambn Xocp p. Cßs\ awkey tbmkan msx ImeKXn {]m]n p `mcxønse ZpxJ]p{Xn amcpss IÆo {Klw IqSnbmWv snmδ. AXmbXv 12 cminifn iniphns P\\ kabøv 7 mw cminbn IpP (snmδ) \n m snmδmtzmjap mhpw. AIme ssh[hyw D mhpsa mwv tpymxnj {]Imcap PmXI hn[n. {]kn tpymxnimkv{x {KŸamb IrjvWobØn ]dbp Xv IptPXp hn[hm _mtey IpP (snmδ) ImcWambn _meyimeøv Xs ssh[hyw kw`hn pw)!!.. imkv{x{]_p amb Cfw Xeapd v snmδsb Ipdn v awkƒbm \ Ip B[p\nI hnhcßƒ CØcw A hnizmkßƒs Xnsc `mcx kv{xoxzøn\v c bmbn Xocpsa v \ap v {]Xo n mw. kqcy\n \n v ZqcØn \memaxv \n p {KlamWv snmδ. aq ma\mbp Xv \ΩpsS `qanbmwv. D]cnXeØn ImW s Sp Atb HmIvsskUv ImcWambn Nph \ndønemwv snmδ ImWs Sp Xv. AXn\m Nph {Klsa pw CXn\v t]cp v. Ct mƒ {ZhPeans n epw AXn]pcmX\ ImeØv snmδbn sh w HgpInbXn\v sxfnhp Ifp v. snmδbpss {`aw]yøn te v IS v sn m Nne kab hpw aplq Øhpap v. tpymxn jønse aplq Øw t]msebp H CXv. AXmbXv snmδbpss Zo LZqc {`aw]yw Hcp ]cn hrøn ]q Ønbm m 780 Znh kamwv. Cu {`aw ]Yw `qanbp ambn G hpasp p Znhkw t\m ntb snmδsb {]m]n m km[n p. snmδbpss kqcys\ ti{μam nbp {`aw]yøn eqssbmbncp p awkƒbms k mcw. AXv snmδbpss kz w BI jw hebønep {`aw ]YØnte v am pi F XmWv AXn k o Whpw kq vahpamb ZuXyw. en puv At]mPn tam t m F tdm v (LAM) Pzen n v sim mwv t]siøns Znibpw thkxbpw \n Wbn p Xv. t]siøn\v Du Pw e`n p tkmfm ]m\ kqcy\v t\sc bpw ktμiab p B n\ `qan v t\scbpw Zni icns Sp Øn \n ØpIbpw thww. awkƒ bm \n ZnjvS thkxbn \n pw Ipd m AXv snmδbpss D]cnXeØn CSn ndßn XIcpw. thkx IqSpXembmtem, snmδ bpss BI jw hebønep {`aw ]YØn \n pw sx n amdn `qanbnse \nb{ WØn \n v ]nsnhn v A\ Xbnte v Xntcm`hn pw. AXpsIm v `qan bnse \nb{ W \nebøn \n v Atßb sø kq vax tbmssbp KW\ {InbIƒ v tijw \ Ip ktμiøn eqssbmwv F mw \nb{ n s Sp Xv. B \nb{ Ww ]mfnt mbm k hhpw \in pw. Cu kμ ` Øn hnip Jp B\nse Hcp hn\amwv Hm abnse Øp Xv. Pn ns bpw C kns bpw kaqlta (kº cpw, km[mc W mcpambh ) BImißfp ssbpw `qanbpssbpw tajeisf AXnewLn v A pdw IS m \nßƒ v Ignbpsa n \nßƒ IS p t]mbns m pi. \nb{ Wm[nImcan msx ( C m _n kp Øm - Except Authority ) \nßƒ v IS p t]mim km ya. (kqd: dlvam,55:34) \mw _lncmimi Ncn{Xw AhtemI\w snøptºmƒ, Ccp ]Xmw \q m ns a yziißƒ apx Ahkm\ ZiIßƒhsc Atacn bpw tkmhy v bqwnb \pw XΩnep ioxbp Imeam bncp p _lncmimi bpkøn s hk Imew F v ImWmw. IrXyambn ]d m 1955 Pqsse 29 \v Atacn {]knu v slk tlmhdns {] v sk{i dn, `qansb {`aww snøp Hcp Irn{XnaD]{Klw Atacn hnt ]n m Dt±in p Xmbn {]Jym]\w \SØn. B Znhkw apxemwv _lncmimi a c Øn\v A w Ipdn Xv. Atacn {]Jym]\Øn\v \mev Znhkßƒ v tijw tkmhy v bqwnbs adp]snbpw h p. Xs cmpyw Hcp Ir{Xna D]{Klw `qanbpss {`aw ]YØn kao] `mhnbn Xs hnt ]n p XmsW tkmhy v imkv{x entbmwnuv sf sktzmhns Xmbncp p adp]sn. 1957 HIv tsm_ 4 \v kv]psv\n v F tkmhy v D]{Klw `qanbpss {`aw ]YØn hnt ]n p sim v Cu a cøn tkmhy v bqwnb BZy Pbw t\sn. 40

-- ]n osv c v im ni tncnifpw \nch[n _lncmimi ZuXyßfn eqss a cw simgp n p. 1961 G{]n 12\v thmkvt m v F _lncmimi hml\øn tkm hy v djybpss bqdnkkmcn `qansb BZyambn hew sh p Ibpw snbvxp. 1969 Pqsse 20 \v At mtfm ZuXyØneqsS a\p jys\ N{μ\n FØn v Ata cn tkmhy v bqwnbs\xnsc a[pcambn Xncn Sn p, ap ] n bnseøn. 1972 sabv amkw Atacn {]knu v dn m Uv Fw. \nivk \pw tkmhy v {]knu v enbwn Uv {_jvt\hpw XΩn \S kwl j elqicw k n kw`mjwßƒ ioxbp Øns ]ncnapdp Øn\v X mew Abhp hcpøn. AtXmsS _ln cmimicwkøpw AXv {]Xn ^en p. s]msp s\ _lncmimi a cøn\v Hcp hyxnbm\ ap mbn. _lncmimiw a cøn s thznbs pw klicw Øns tajebmsw pw A\ Xtbmfw hnkvxrxambn ns p BImi temiøv apt dm a ctø mƒ klic WamWv th sx pw im ni tncnifn s _lncmimi imkv{x m v Xncn dnhp mbn. Atacn bnsebpw tkm hy v djybnsebpw _lncmimi bm\ßƒ BImiØv sh v k n m\p Hcp ] Xn Bkq {XWw snbvxp. Atacn bpss At mtfmbpw tkmhy v djybpss tkmbqkpw BImiØpsh v H n p At mtfm tkmbqkv sskv v s{]mpiv v ( Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). Bbncp p AXv. c v _lncmimi hml\ ßfpw 1975 Pqemb 17 \v BImi Øv sh v H n p tn v kbp ]co Wßƒ \SØn. 1990 Ifn tkmhy v bqwnbs ]X\tØm ss ioxbp w ]q Wambpw Ah km\n p. FXncmfnbn mxmb t mƒ hotdmssbp _lncm Imi a chpw Ahkm\n p. Atacn bpss _lnimi ZuXy ßƒ v Xf ] n. apxemfnøw simsnipønhmgp Atacn v _lncmimi KthjWw s]s v em` ap m p Hcp _nkn\ v A mbncp p. Atacn bn _lncmimi KthjWw 1960- - 1970 Ifn At mtfm Nm{μ ZuXy Øns BthiIcamb \mfpi fn Atacn AhcpsS s^u d _UvP ns 4 ixam\w \mk v A\phZn ncp p. C v Ah \ Ip Xv 05 ixam\w am{xw. Adnhns {]m[m\yw A{X henb Imcyam mø sk\ amcmwv \mkbpss ^ nßns\ FXn p Xv {][m\a{ n \tc{μ tamun CØcw Imcyß fn Xm ]cyw ImWn p bmfmbxn \m Xs ]pxnb _P n ISRO v 6000 timsn cq]bmwv A\p hzn Xv. Ign h jsø mƒ CXv 50% A[nIamWv. Ffp Øn em`w simøp imkv{xøn\mwv BfpIƒ pw Kh sa piƒ pw Xm ]cyw. AXpsIm mwv temi hym] Iambn kmt XnI imkv{xøne [njvtnxhpw em`ichpamb Huj[ \n amw cwkøpw tkm^v v shb ssivt\mpnbn epw Hmbn ssa\nßnepw tim ]td pifpw Kh sa pw ]Ww aps m Im p b{x. Bthiw _lncmimi KthjW cwkøpw a p aueni imkv{x KthjW cwkøpw ImWn m ØXv. am\hcmin v {]] sø pdn v aueni {][m\amb AdnhpIfpw Zo LImew ^ew \ Ip ASnÿm\ hnik\hpw D mip Xv ASnÿm\ `uxni imkv{xhpw ssk m ni imkv{x hpw hnikn ptºmgmwv. ssk m ni `uxni imkv{x cwkøv AXnImb\pw tx Uv thƒuv A mzan Hm^v kb kns ÿm]i\pw t\mt_ kωm\ tpxmhpambncp tum. A p emans\ t]msebp alm {]Xn`Iƒ aq mw temi cmpy ßtfmSpw Ad_vtemItØmSpw Ahkm\w hsc ]d p sim n cp Xv F v hne simspøpw ASn ÿm\imkv{xßfn ]ptcmkxn ssihcn Wsa mwv. _lncm Imi imkv{xw ASnÿm\ imkv {XØn\pw ]pxnb hn m\w D mzn m m\pw ssivt\mf PnbpsS hnimkøn\pw DXIp XmWv. \ΩpsS cmpyw C mcy Øn ssihcn t\ w Akqbm hlamwv. Adnhnt\mSp a\pjys Hcn epw ASßmØ AZayamb Zmlw ian n m\mwv Cu cwksø KthjWßƒ p apjy {]tnmz\w. s]s v em`w simøp ]Ws mxnb m v apx aps m ] nb CSa _lncmimiw. Zo LImemSn ÿm \Øn CØcw KthjWßƒ a\pjy cmin v \ Ip kzv^ eßƒ hnhcwmxoxamwv. Ir{Xn a D]{KlsØ ASnÿm\am n bp ssenhnj, ssent^m, C s\ v apxemb hm Øm hn\nab kuicyßƒ D]tbmKn p Xn\v ImcWw kvt]kv kb kmwv. AXvt]mse Pntbm s]mknj\nßv, Imemhÿ {]hn \w, `qanbnse hn`hßƒ Is Øp Xn\p `uak thiƒ apxemb imkv{x t\ ßfpw saun, hyhkmb- Im jni cwkøp \nch[n D]IcW ßƒ Fbvtdm t\m nivkv, em v tsm v, sshss^ {Smkv ao nßv knkv w, AXv t]mse t\m kv n v ssat{im thhv Hmh apxemb ho p]icwßƒ, \yq{so j kº amb t n ^pup Iƒ apxemb \nch[n ` yh kvxp ƒ F nhsb mw _lncm Imi imkv{xøns hnzqc ^eßfmwv. CØcw KthjW ßßfpw Is ØepIfpamWv a\pjy kaqløns `uxni 41

cwkøv hnπhicamb ]cnh Ø \ßƒ hcpønbxv. AXv am{xa A mcmjv{s klicw cwksø t{]m mln n p Xn\pw kwl jelqicwøn\pw _lncmimi imkv{xw t]mse klmbicamb as m n. Cu cwkøv{]h Øn p cmpy ßfpsS hnhcßƒ ]ckv]cw ssiamdmsxbpw klmbn msx bpw kvs]bvkv kb kn temi Ønse Hcp cmpyøn\pw apt m p t]mim Ignbn. ]nghn msx awkƒbms I n bm{x hnpbn m ImcWw Atacn bnte bpw djybntebpw bqtdm n tebpw _lncmimi ZuXyßfn ] nb ]nghn \n v ]mtßƒ ]Tn Xv sim v IqSnbmsW v \mw a\ nem Ww. awkƒ bm\n \n p BZy ^ekq N\Iƒ ]nsns SpØv C y v \ InbXv Hmkvt{Senbmbnse Im _dbn {]h Øn p s{]m j em_nse 70 ao Ubao dp B o\ ]nsns Sp Øhn hcßfmwv. ]e L ß fnepw a v kvt]bvkv GP kn IfpsSbpw klmbw C y p mbn p v. \ΩpsS Xe v apifn kl {ktimsn tkmfcminisf hln v A\ Xtbmfw hnimeambn \n p hm\temiw, hmkvxhøn sszhøns krjvsnalxzw hnfnt mxp Ahs m\ ssh `høns alm{]is\ßfp ss_rlømb {]Z i\ime bmwv. a\pjy BcmsW pw {]] hnkvxrxnbn \n mc \mb a\pjys ÿm\sa msw pw a\pjys\ t_m ys SpØp ]mtimebmwv _lncmimiw. {]Xn`mimenbpw _p nam\pamb Hcp {ZjvSmhn\v _lncmimiw Xo bmbpw m\ hnkvabßfpss Hcp AXv`pX temiamwv. sszh Øns AÿnXzsØ kw_ n pw Ahs alxzsø kw_ n pw lrzb hnip nbpw sxfn _p nbpap a\pjy\n BImiw Zm i\nihpw kmxzni hn\btømssbpap Hcht_m [w P\n n p p. AXpsIm mwv BImiw t\m m\pw AXns\ p dn v KmVambn Nn n m\pw BImiØns XS ßsf t`zn v IpXn m\pw hnip Jp B a\pjyt\msv Blzm\w snøp Xv. hnip Jp B ]dbp p: Ggv BImißsf cayambn krjvsn h\mwv Ah. ]ca ImcpWnI\mb A mlphns krjvsni aøn Hcp {Iat Spw \o ImWpIbn. \o ho pw t\m pi. h sshieyhpw \o ImWp pt m? ho pw ho pw \o t\m pi. IÆv \njv^ eambpw own pw sim v \n nte v Xs asßpw. (67:4,5) BImißfpsSbpw `qanbp ssbpw krjvsn nepw Zn\cm{X ßƒ amdn hcp Xnepw Xo bm bpw _p nam m v ]e ZrjvSm ßfpap v. \n pw Ccp pw XßfpsS ]m izßfn (InS pw) A mlphns\ kvacn p Icp\mK n: sx ticf Ønse BZyIme AlvaZnIfn Hcmfmbncp a lqw si. aplωzv jwkp±o kmln_ns `mcy Fw. Paoe _ohn kmln_ (79) 2014 HIvtSm_ 9 mw XobXn h^m Ømbn. C m en mln... 1955 hnhmlsø XpS mwv Ah PamAØn ss_aøv snbv XXv. ]n osv PamAØo tkh\ ßfn kpohambn ]s Sp p Ibp mbn. kp n IpSpw_Øn \n v AlvaZn bphmhns\ hnhm lw Ign Xn\m IpSpw_ Øn\v \nch[n FXn piƒ t\cnts n h n p v. F m {]Xnk nifpw sim ncn pibpw BImi `qan IfpsS krjvsn ns\ kw_ n v Nn n p sim ncn pibpw snøp hcmb (_p nam m ). RßfpsS \mym! \o CsX mw hy Yambn krjvsn Xv. \o ]cnip \mwv. AXn\m \o Rßsf \ci in bn \n pw c nt Wta (F v {]m Yn pw) (3: 191,192) ]dbpi, BIm ißfnepw `qanbnepw F mwv kw`hn p sx v t\m q. F m kxyøn hnizkn mø P\ßƒ v ZrjvSm ßfpw ap dnbn pifpw Hcp {]tbmp\hpw snøn. (10:102) BImißfnepw `qanbnepw F{Xsb{X ZrjvSm ßƒ!. AhbpsS AcnIneqsS Ahsb pdn v Nn n msx A{i cmbn Ah IS v t]mip p. (12:106) hm\temisø m\hnkva bßƒ Adnbm\p C ybpss awkƒbm ZuXyw sszhsø kvacn m\p HchkchpamsW pw \mw Hm pi. A\p-kva-cWw Fw.Paoem _ohn kmln_ XcWw snbvxv Ah PamA Øn ASnbpd v \n pibp mbn. PamAØns kmºøni ] XnIfn ]q Wambpw kl Icn ncp p. a ƒ: _pjvdm _okw, dppem _okw, dkveøv _okw, dlvaøv _okw, C p±o, kldp±o. acpa ƒ: F. \knap±o, Fkv. Fw. Pem _n. F. I_o, aplωzv k^dp, Fw. keo\ C p±o, F. kmenl kldp±o. A mlp IpSpw_mwKßƒ v kl\hpw ]tcx v P Øpw akv^ndøpw \ In A\p{K ln s (Bao ) 42

AlvZnøm apkvenw PamAØv:??

Published on 7 November 2014 Vol: 86 Issue.11 Registered. Reg.No. 3332/1957, Postal Reg.No. KL/EKM/726/2012-14 Price Rs. 20/- Licence No. KL/CR/EKM/WPP-21/2012-14, Licensed to Post Without Prepayment The Sathyadoothan Monthly 1200Hmfw t]ppiƒ \nch[n h Æ Nn{Xßƒ ka{kamb C UIvkv AlvaZnøm apkvenw PamAØv F sszhoi {]ÿm\sø n IqSpX Adnbm _ s SpI 1800 425 2020 Toll Free (9 am to 9 pm)