Nested High- Resolu0on Data Assimila0on Modeling of Ocean Tides in Coastal and Shallow Seas
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1 Nested High- Resolu0on Data Assimila0on Modeling of Ocean Tides in Coastal and Shallow Seas Gary Egbert Lana Erofeeva College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University
2 TPXO7.2- GOT4.7 : RMS difference (M2, H > 1000 m) : 0.6 cm TG RMS 33.3 cm Deep Water Tide gauges
3 TPXO7.2- GOT4.7 : RMS difference (M2, H < 1000 m) : 17.8 cm TG RMS 82.8 cm Shallow water 0de gauges
4 Obviously global models will be even more inadequate for coastal tides TPXO7.1 GOT4.7 Comparison of global 0de models to 4 coastal 0de gauges: King Sound, Northwest Australia M2 eleva(on: color = amplitude, contours = phase Tide gauges shown as filled circles
5 Oregon State University (OSU) Tidal Inversion SoZware (OTIS) Ø Varia0onal data assimila0on for barotropic 0des à linear shallow water equa0ons à representer approach à ini0ally applied to global modeling of T/P data (Egbert, Benne`, Foreman, 1994) Ø Subsequently developed into a relocatable system à nested: open boundary condi0ons from larger scale model (eleva0on, velocity, radia0on) à many different types of 0dal data
6 Systema0c applica0on of OTIS to regional and high resolu0on local models Mul0- resolu0on atlas of barotropic ocean 0des (eleva0ons and currents) h`p://volkov.oce.orst.edu/0des/
7 Basin Scale 0dal solu0ons: Ø Nested in global TPXO solu(on Ø 1/12 resolu(on Ø Pacific, Atlan(c, Indian, Antarc(c, Arc(c
8 Regional 0dal solu0ons: 1/30-1/60 resolu0on in shallow seas, complex bathymetry RMS signal TPXO7.1 GOT4.7 4 km M S K O M Comparison to 148 (mostly coastal) (de gauges
9 Higher resolu0on local solu0ons: 1 km resolu0on, York Peninsula Reduc0on in RMS misfit for M2: 4 km regional solu0on: cm 1 km local prior solu0on: 5.81 cm 1 km assimila0on solu0on: 4.68 cm à Higher resolution modeling improves tidal model, even without further DA
10 Higher resolu0on local solu0ons: 0.5 km resolu0on, King Sound Reduc0on in RMS misfit for M2: 4 km regional solu0on: cm 0.5 km local prior solu0on: cm 0.5 km assimila0on solu0on: cm à Higher resolution modeling improves tidal model, even without further DA
11 King Sound, N.W. Australia 4 km regional solu0on 0.5 km local solu0on TG RMS (M2) : cm TG RMS (M2) : cm Ø High resolution modeling can greatly improve tidal solutions Ø Difference with TG are still significant
12 But still a potentially large improvement over global models TPXO7.1 GOT4.7 Comparison of global 0de models to 4 coastal 0de gauges: King Sound, Northwest Australia M2 eleva(on: color = amplitude, contours = phase Tide gauges shown as filled circles
13 Merging high-resolution solutions with regional and global solutions (TPXO7.2-atlas, AO-atlas, etc.) 1/12 Atlantic Ocean Grid 1/30 NE. Coast NA Grid
14 Merging high-resolution solutions with regional and global solutions (TPXO7.2-atlas, AO-atlas, etc.) Zoom 1/12 Atlantic Ocean Grid 1/30 NE. Coast NA Grid
15 Merging high-resolution solutions with regional and global solutions (TPXO7.2-atlas, AO-atlas, etc.) Modify land mask on coarse grid: only cells that are completely on land in the HR solution are masked Replace coarse-grid tidal solution with averaged high-resolution model in shallow zone Retain coarse grid solution outside of this zone Smooth transition over boundary zone by blending coarse-grid, averaged high-resolution solutions
16 AO regional solution NE US coast M 2
17 AO-Atlas solution NE US coast M 2
18 AO AO-atlas NE US coast Absolute value of difference: M 2 Signal 190 TPXO GOT AO 75.6 HR local 8.1 AO- atlas 8.9 TP- atlas 12.8
19 AO regional solution NE US coast M 2
20 AO regional solution NE US coast M 2
21 Merging high-resolution solutions with regional and global solutions (TPXO7.2-atlas, AO-atlas, etc.) TPXO7.2- TPXO7.2- atlas : RMS difference (M2, H < 200 m) : 24.3 cm
22 TG set (#) RMS signal Atlantic Ocean Tpxo7.2 GOT4.7 AO_2008 Local solution AO_2011 atlas TPXO7- atlas Pelagic (42) n/a Truth deep (36) n/a Truth shallow (119) n/a Amazon Shelf (20) Magellan St (8) Pat. Shelf (28) Gulf of Mexico (79) E. Coast USA (17) Hudson Bay (14) Med. Sea (62) n/a No differences in deep water
23 TG set (#) RMS signal Atlantic Ocean Tpxo7.2 GOT4.7 AO_2008 Local solution AO_2011 atlas TPXO7- atlas Pelagic (42) n/a Truth deep (36) n/a Truth shallow (119) n/a Amazon Shelf (20) Magellan St (8) Pat. Shelf (28) Gulf of Mexico (79) E. Coast USA (17) Hudson Bay (14) Med. Sea (62) n/a Small improvements in fit to pelagic shelf gauges
24 TG set (#) RMS signal Atlantic Ocean Tpxo7.2 GOT4.7 AO_2008 Local solution AO_2011 atlas TPXO7- atlas Pelagic (42) n/a Truth deep (36) n/a Truth shallow (119) n/a Amazon Shelf (20) Magellan St (8) Pat. Shelf (28) Gulf of Mexico (79) E. Coast USA (17) Hudson Bay (14) Med. Sea (62) n/a Local solutions are much better in coastal areas
25 TG set (#) RMS signal Atlantic Ocean Tpxo7.2 GOT4.7 AO_2008 Local solution AO_2011 atlas TPXO7- atlas Pelagic (42) n/a Truth deep (36) n/a Truth shallow (119) n/a Amazon Shelf (20) Magellan St (8) Pat. Shelf (28) Gulf of Mexico (79) E. Coast USA (17) Hudson Bay (14) Med. Sea (62) n/a Merged atlas solutions are nearly as good
26 Pacific Ocean TG set RMS signal Tpxo7.2 GOT4.7 PO_2009 Local Soln. PO_2011 atlas TPXO7- atlas Pelagic (48) n/a Truth shallow (69) n/a Bering Sea (28) Okhotsk/Japan (20) Tasmania (62) China Seas (55) Hawaii (8) North Australia (141) West Coast USA (17) Again, local solutions much better in coastal areas
27 Pacific Ocean TG set RMS signal Tpxo7.2 GOT4.7 PO_2009 Local Soln. PO_2011 atlas TPXO7- atlas Pelagic (48) n/a Truth shallow (69) n/a Bering Sea (28) Okhotsk/Japan (20) Tasmania (62) China Seas (55) Hawaii (8) North Australia (141) West Coast USA (17) and merged solutions are usually almost as good
28 Total RMS difference between models : 8 constituents ((rms^2)/2) (cm) H < 200 m H < 1000 m H > 200 m H > 1000 m TPXO7.2- GOT TPXO7.2- TPXO7_atlas TPXO7_atlas- GOT Atlas solutions agree better with GOT4.7 at least we are converging! But still some way to go
29 Summary Ø Nested HR DA modeling can significantly improve tidal corrections for coastal altimetry Ø Increasing model resolution can improve the solution even w/o assimilation of further data Ø Have implemented a simple scheme for merging HR solutions into a coarser solution for a larger area Ø Merged solutions retain most of the improvement in accuracy achieved by HR local solutions
30 Prospects Ø Further improve/extend atlas, e.g., more constituents Ø arguably a better approach would be to use a multi-resolution atlas with methods to directly compute smoothly varying tidal corrections on any specified grid Ø Critical need going forward: Improved databases for bathymetry, tide gauges for testing and validation
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