Subject: Geography For Class: IX & XI

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1 Subject: Geography For Class: IX & XI

2 PRESENTED BY: ASHUTOSH KARASHARMA MISHRA Address: (Personal) At: Srikrisna Nagar Po: Loisingha Dist: Bolangir Orissa Address: (Official) At: JNV, Koraput Po: OMP Line Dist: Koraput Orissa Phone No:

Familiarize students with the terms, key concepts and basic principles associated with the climate of India. Provide them idea about the mechanism of Indian monsoon.

3 Familiarize students with the terms, key concepts and basic principles associated with the climate of India. Provide them idea about the mechanism of Indian monsoon. Study the climate of India through the understanding and analysis of local climate. Explore the causative factor of the spatial variations in the climate of the country. Understand and analyze the variation of climatic phenomenon in the cycle of seasons. Make students aware of the change in climate (global warming) at local level to understand it at national and global level.

4 Watch Out Weather News. Hot weather season Monsoon season Cold Weather Season Tropical Cyclone Four Videos Embedded: Please right click over the dark square to choose Play or Stop one after another.

5 CONTENTS OF THE LESSON Part-I Climatic Diversity of India Part-II Factors Affecting Climate of India Part-III Rhythm of Seasons Part-IV Distribution of Rainfall Part-V Change of Climate Please click on the box to navigate to the pages

6 Why does weather change spatially & temporally? Let us examine

Drass -45 0 C in December night 55 0 C temperature in June Tawang 19 0 C in June Jaisalmer receives 9cm rainfall Thar desert Diurnal range of temperature 30 0 C

7 Drass C in December night 55 0 C temperature in June Tawang 19 0 C in June Jaisalmer receives 9cm rainfall Thar desert Diurnal range of temperature 30 0 C Cherrapunji & Mawsynram have 1080cm rain Tiruvanantapuram & Chennai 20 0 C in December night Kerala Diurnal range of temperature 8 0 C MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA

Tura of Meghalaya receives rainfall in a single day is equal to the total rainfall of Ten years in Jaisalmer of Rajastan.

8 MORE DIVERSITIES.. Churu in Rajasthan records a temperature of 50 C or more on a June day. Snow fall over the Himalayas. Most parts of India receives rainfall during June to September. Tura of Meghalaya receives rainfall in a single day is equal to the total rainfall of Ten years in Jaisalmer of Rajastan. It is 19 C in Tawang (Arunachal Pradesh) on the same day. Only rainfall over rest of India. Tamilnadu coast remains dry during these months. Very low rainfall in North west Himalayas and western Rajastan which is equal to 10cm per year. MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA

Lets divide the class into five groups namely A, B, C, D and E. Collect the data of temperature and rainfall of different cities of India from web site www.allrainfallreports.com.

9 Lets divide the class into five groups namely A, B, C, D and E. Collect the data of temperature and rainfall of different cities of India from web site Collect the rainfall and temperature data of your town and compare it with the data of other cities of India. Make a comparative study of temperature and rainfall data of different districts of Orissa. (Source- Climatological survey of Orissa & District statistical handbooks) Write about the climate of your district and upload it to Make a power point presentation of all the activities you have done. CLICK ON ICON TO DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE

10 FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATE FAQ RELATED TO LOCATION & RELIEF RELATED TO AIR PRESSURE & WIND Latitude Surface pressure & wind Altitude Upper air circulation Relief Western cyclones Distance from Sea The Himalayan Mt. Distribution of Land & water

11 LATITUDE FAQ High range of Temp High Temp Low range EQUATORIAL REGION

12 THE HIMALAYAS- CLIMATIC BARRIER

13 DISTRIBUTION OF LAND & WATER FAQ HIGH PRESSURE IN WINTER ARABIAN SEA BAY OF BENGAL INDIAN OCEAN

14 DISTANCE FROM SEA SIMLA DELHI MUMBAI KOLKOTA CHENNAI Coastal areas have equable climate where as Interior parts have extreme climate.

15 ALTITUDE Temperature decreased from low to high altitude FAQ HIGH ALTITUDE AGRA 16 0 C in Jan DARJILING 4 0 C in January LOW ALTITUDE

16 RELIEF FAQ Receives high rainfall Receives low rainfall

17 SURFACE WIND POLAR HIGH SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE NORTH-EAST TRADE WIND INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE SOUTH-EAST TRADE WIND POLAR HIGH

18 JET STREAM IN WINTER TIBET

19 JET STREAM IN SUMMER

20 WESTERN DISTURBANCE

21 EL-NINO EFFECTS FAQ 1990 Delay in Monsoon Equatorial Warm Current El-Nino Homboldt Cold Current

22 SOUTHERN OSCILLATION Tahiti Darwin

CLICK ON ICON TO DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE Prepare a ppt. answering the following: Collect the data on the effect of El-nino over different parts of world and prepare a presentation and upload it to www.

23 CLICK ON ICON TO DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE Prepare a ppt. answering the following: Collect the data on the effect of El-nino over different parts of world and prepare a presentation and upload it to Explain the factors affecting the climate of your region in a word/pdf file and upload it to or page. Invite your friends to your or site to explain about the climate of their region. Explain how jet stream affect the climate of India in word/pdf file and upload it to the suitable web page. Compare how relief affect the climate of your region.

24 RHYTHM OF SEASONS HOT WEATHER RETREATING MONSOON COLD WEATHER SOUTH WEST MONSOON Let us discuss each of them individually

25 COLD WEATHER SEASON It extends from December to February. Vertical sun rays shift towards southern hemisphere. North India experiences intense cold where as this season is not well defined in south India. Light wind blow makes this season pleasant in south India. Occasional tropical cyclone visit eastern coast in this season. Tropical Cyclone Rhythm of Seasons

26 TEMPERATURE- JANUARY 15 0 C 10 0 C` 20 0 C 25 0 C 20 0 C 20 0 C 20 0 C 25 0 C Rhythm of Seasons

27 PRESSURE- JANUARY HIGH PRESSURE 1014 Rhythm of Seasons

28 WIND DIRECTION- WINTER Bay of Bengal Rhythm of Seasons

29 WINTER RAINFALL RAINFALL DUE TO WESTERN DISTURBANCES RAINFALL DUE TO NORTH EAST WIND Rhythm of Seasons

HOT WEATHER SEASON It extends from March to May. Vertical sun rays shift towards Northern hemisphere. Temperature rises gradually from south to north.

30 HOT WEATHER SEASON It extends from March to May. Vertical sun rays shift towards Northern hemisphere. Temperature rises gradually from south to north. Highest Temperature experiences in Karnataka in March, Madhya Pradesh in April and Rajastan in May. May 48 0 C April 38 0 C March 30 0 C Rhythm of Seasons

31 TEMPERATURE- JULY 25 0 C 30 0 C Rhythm of Seasons

32 PRESSURE- JULY Rhythm of Seasons

33 STORMS IN HOT WEATHER SEASON FAQ BARDOLI CHHEERHA LOO KALBAISAKHI MANGO SHOWER BLOSSOM SHOWER Rhythm of Seasons

34 SOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASON It extends from June to September. Intense heating in north west India creates low pressure region. Low pressure attract the wind from the surrounding region. After having rains for a few days sometime monsoon fails to occur for one or more weeks is known as break in the monsoon. HIGH LOW TEMPERATURE PRESSURE Rhythm of Seasons

35 MONSOON WIND Arabian sea Branch Bay of Bengal Branch INTER TROPICAL EQUATOR CONVERGENCE ZONE Rhythm of Seasons

36 ONSET OF SW MONSOON Rhythm of Seasons

37 RETREATING MONSOON SEASON It extends from October to November Vertical sun rays start shifting towards Northern hemisphere. Low pressure region shift from northern parts of India towards south. Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as the October heat LOW PRESSURE Rhythm of Seasons

38 WITHDRAWAL OF MONSOON Rhythm of Seasons

Prepare a ppt. answering the following: Explain the seasonal difference of climate of your region in a word/pdf file and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.

39 Prepare a ppt. answering the following: Explain the seasonal difference of climate of your region in a word/pdf file and upload it to Search friends from different parts of India and seek their comments and compare the seasonal difference in climate of different parts of India by using Prepare an analysis of yearly temperature and rainfall data by using different graphs and upload it to Collect photographs of monsoon and upload to or CLICK ON ICON TO DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE

40 DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL > 200cm cm cm < 50cm

northeastern peninsula, eastern plain of the Ganga, northern India, Uttaranchal, SW J & K & HP.

41 VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL The variability of rainfall is computed with the help of the following formula: C.V.= Standard Deviation/ Mean * 100 Variability of less than 25% exist in Western coasts, Western Ghats, northeastern peninsula, eastern plain of the Ganga, northern India, Uttaranchal, SW J & K & HP. Variability of more then 50% found in Western Rajastan, J & K and interior parts of Deccan. Region with high rainfall has less variability.

Prepare a power point presentation answering the following: Why there is variation of rainfall in different parts of India? Explain in a word/pdf file and upload.

42 Prepare a power point presentation answering the following: Why there is variation of rainfall in different parts of India? Explain in a word/pdf file and upload. Calculate the variability of rainfall of your region. Compare the variability of rainfall with the total rainfall of your region. Measure the rainfall in your school and record it in a spread sheet for analysis. Read out the rainfall and temperature data of your school daily in the morning assembly. CLICK ON ICON TO DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE

43 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT OF GLOBAL WORMING FOREST FIRE FLOOD SPREAD OF TROPICAL DISEASES SEA LEVEL RISE SINKING COAST INCREASE IN GREEN HOUSE GASES RISE IN TEMPERATURE TSUNAMI & EARTHQUAKE EXCESSIVE SUN STROKE LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY

SOME INTERESTING FACTS Temperature increased by 0.6 0 C in 20 th century. Eleven out of twelve hottest years are within 1995 to 2006. Annual rate of increase of CO 2 is 1.9ppm after 1995.

44 SOME INTERESTING FACTS Temperature increased by C in 20 th century. Eleven out of twelve hottest years are within 1995 to Annual rate of increase of CO 2 is 1.9ppm after Concentration of methane increased from 700ppb in 1750 to 1745ppb at present and Nitrous Oxide from 270ppb to 314ppb where as CFC increased from zero to 533ppb. Rising of temperature to 3 0 C will lead to melting of all ice on earth surface and sea level rise upto 15 feet. Existence of large cities like Venis, Bankok, Sanghai, Kolkota and Dhaka will be in danger. FAQ

CLIMATE CHANGE & INDIA India has long coast line and rise of sea level will submerge large area. A population of 7.1 million living in coastal areas will be affected.

45 CLIMATE CHANGE & INDIA India has long coast line and rise of sea level will submerge large area. A population of 7.1 million living in coastal areas will be affected. Production of crops like wheat, rice etc will decrease. The natural disasters like cyclone, floods and drought will increase in frequency as well as intensity. MUMBAI CHENNAI KOLKOTA

use renewable energy resources like solar, wind, biomass etc.

46 WHAT CAN BE DONE??? Switch off the light, fan, TV and other energy using gadgets when they are not in use. Do not use those equipments that pollute or consume more energy. create public awareness. use renewable energy resources like solar, wind, biomass etc. International conferences like Earth Summit, 1992, Kyoto protocol, Copenhegen summit, 2009 are some steps to bring consensus for crusade against Climate Change.

Ask elders of your family or village about their perception of change in climate and explain it in a word/pdf file and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.

47 Ask elders of your family or village about their perception of change in climate and explain it in a word/pdf file and upload it to Give an analysis of change in temperature of your region by collecting data of fifteen years from climatological survey of orissa. Explain what you can do to reduce the impact of climate change. Ask your friends through about their contribution to reduce the impact of climate change. Prepare a power point presentation explaining all above. CLICK ON ICON TO DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1. Name the factors affecting climate of India. 2. What is meant by El-nino? 3. Why the south western part of peninsular India receives high rainfall? 4.

48 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1. Name the factors affecting climate of India. 2. What is meant by El-nino? 3. Why the south western part of peninsular India receives high rainfall? 4. Name the important green house gases. 5. How altitude affects climate? 6. How distance from sea affect climate? 7. What is meant by mango shower? 8. What is meant by Inter Tropical Convergence Zone? Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer

49 EVALUATION RUBRIC Sl No Evaluation points Excellent Very Good Good Participation of all members of the group Efficient use of technology in selflearning Collection of new information Presentation of Topic in the classroom Development of Innovative Thinking All the members have participated (5 Marks) Technology used for presentation, collection of information and understanding. (5 Marks) Information collected are new, relevant and latest. (5 Marks) Presentation of topic was clear, able to clarify doubts and with proper flow of topic. (5 Marks) Innovation in presentation, collection of new information and use of technology. (5 Marks) Some Members have participated. (3 Marks) Technology used for presentation and collection of information. (3 Marks) Information collected are new and relevant. (3 Marks) Presentation of topic was clear and able to clarify doubts. (3 Marks) Innovation in presentation and collection of new information. (3 Marks) Few members have participated. (2 Marks) Technology used for presentation only. (2 Marks) Information collected are new only. (2 Marks) Presentation of topic was clear only. (2 Marks) Innovation in presentation only. (2 Marks) Total Mark Obtained Evaluate the classroom presentation of other groups and assign marks.

CITATION Abraham, K.R.; Dash, S.K. and Mohanty, U.C., 1996: Simulation of monsoon circulation and cyclones with different types of orography; Mausam, 47, 235-248. Ashok K., S. Lizuka, S.A Rao, N. H.

50 CITATION Abraham, K.R.; Dash, S.K. and Mohanty, U.C., 1996: Simulation of monsoon circulation and cyclones with different types of orography; Mausam, 47, Ashok K., S. Lizuka, S.A Rao, N. H. Saji and W. Lee, 2009 : Processes and boreal summer impacts of the 2004 El Nino Modoki: An AGCM study. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L04703, doi: /2008gl036313, 1-5. Bannerji, S. K., 1950 : Methods of forecasting monsoon and winter rainfall in India. Ind. J. Met. and Geophys., 4, Bhalme, H.N. and Jadhav, S.K., 1984: The southern oscillation and its relation to the monsoon rainfall. J.Climatol., 4, Krishnakumar V. and K. -M. Lau, 1997 : Symmetric Instability of Monsoon Flows. Tellus 49 A, Physical Geography of India, NCERT, class-ix Economic & Commercial Geography of India, C.B. Memoria. Regional Geography of India, R.L. Singh

51 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Heartiest Thanks to Mr. S. K. Tripathy, Principal JNV, Koraput Mr. R. P. Maharana, TGT- English, JNV, Koraput Project Learning, Microsoft, for providing me training.

Advanced Hydrology. (Web course)

Advanced Hydrology. (Web course) Advanced Hydrology (Web course) Subhankar Karmakar Assistant Professor Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE) Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400 076 Email: skarmakar@iitb.ac.in