Materials in Snow and Ice Control MATERIALS. Winter Maintenance Materials 1/9/2015. OTA Winter Conference 2014

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1 Materials in Snow and Ice Control OTA Winter Conference 2014 MATERIALS Solid Liquid Winter Maintenance Materials What materials are available for use in winter operations? How do these materials work? How effective are these materials? How do we use these materials? 1

2 Common Road Treatment Materials Salt (Sodium chloride) Calcium Chloride Magnesium Chloride Potassium Chloride Brines Potassium Acetate Calcium Magnesium Acetate Urea Agricultural Products Other Proprietary Materials Abrasives Natural Occurring Salts Abrasives Sand, cinders, ashes, crushed rock Specifications Size (gradation) of material Type of material Characteristics of material Environmental concerns Advantages / Disadvantages Chemicals Chemicals applied to: prevent bonding of ice and snow to road surface prevent ice or frost from forming prevent buildup of snowpack melt ice that has formed 2

3 Bonding Prevention IT TAKES 4 TIMES MORE SALT TO REMOVE ICE THAN PREVENT IT! Chemicals: How do they work? Depress the freezing point of water, turning ice or snow into liquid or slush Solid salts dissolve to form brine solution DW Clonch, LLC DAVE BRAND, PE, PS MADISON COUNTY ENGINEER 3

4 Madison County Engineer s Office Madison County, Ohio Madison County is 28.2 miles from North to South along State Route 38. It is also 16.2 miles from West to East along US Route 40. Plow Routes 4

5 Township Call Numbers Joint Operations Salt Barn Locations 5

6 Corner shot of Salt Barn Inside the Salt Barn Four total bays. 1 and 2 hold pure salt. These 2 bays hold a total of 2,500 tons. 3 and 4 hold the grit mix. These 2 bays hold a total of 1,000 tons. South Outpost Building 6

7 Inside South Outpost Calcium Storage Tank Hold 6,000 gallons of liquid calcium. Salt Trucks 7

8 Truck Calcium Tank Calcium Tank Filter Calcium Tank Pump Motor 8

9 Calcium Tank Valve Salt Spreader Spreader Hose connector 9

10 Control Boxes Control Boxes continued Control Boxes Continued 10

11 Brine Truck in action Brine Truck Route 11

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14 Tail Gate Spreader from Belt 14

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16 Front of Salt Barn 16

17 Calibration Jim Borowski, Pengwyn Ground speed controllers Regardless of the type of spreader/controller used, it is extremely important to calibrate the system Clear Roads report When to Calibrate New equipment when received Annually Following vehicle maintenance or modifications (hydraulics, controller and/or auger) Upon change of material being applied Any signs of application issues Calibration relates to the entire system, the controller, the vehicle, and the material. 17

18 Calibration Process How we measure output How we adjust output How we improve output Adjust Plan Measure Implement The primary way to evaluate and improve Calibration Procedures Manual Controllers Clear Roads website Salt Institute Snowfighters Handbook YouTube videos by Mass DOT and by Farmington Hills Michigan Public Works Automated Controllers As per manufacture recommendations Greg Butcher, PE Violet Township Engineer 18

19 Research Pacific Northwest Snowfighters Clear Roads Ohio Research Initiative for Locals LTAP/ORIL/Pages/default.aspx It s very difficult to compare one state to another (or one township to another)-we have different levels of service, different equipment levels, different methodologies and different demands from customers. But, we can find logical comparisons between different jurisdictions and use those comparisons in information transfer. 19

20 Anti-Icing Brine Roadways are dry No rain forecast within next 24 hours Pavement temperature above 25 degrees Fahrenheit Visual observations indicates no significant material residue exists $0.15/gallon Application rate of 40 gallons/lane mile Using 1,300 gallon tank equates to about $200/load (material cost) Anti-Icing Brine/Beet Juice (Ice Bite) 90/10 or 80/20 mixture Pavement temperatures not less than 15 degrees Fahrenheit Using same applications rate, cost is about $600/load, about 3 times the cost Visual observations indicate an increase in the residual of salt on roadways after the brine/beet juice application Pre-Treatment/Pre-Wetting A Michigan Study showed that approximately 30% of solid chemicals applied to solid chemicals applied to roadways are displaced. Brine or brine/beet juice applied at spinner Application rate of 25 to 30 gallons per ton Pre-Treatment allows a 25% reduction on salt usage Savings can be significant over time 20

21 Pre-Treatment/Pre-Wetting Example of Cost Savings Assumptions Salt cost of $70/ton Brine cost of $0.15/mile Pre-wetting application rate of 15 gallons/ton of dry material Assume 40-lane-mile route Without Pre-treatment With Pre-treatment Application rate of 400#/mile Application rate of 300#/mile 8 tons of salt at $70/ton 6 tons of salt at $70/ton $ gallons of brine at $0.15/gallon $ Plow Blade Options Presented by Ron Abramczyk Steel Plow Blades High Carbon Steel Rockwell Heat Treated Steel Rockwell Flame Hardened steel Rockwell 21

22 Rubber Plow Blades 70 Durometer 1 to 2 Thick Width 8, 10 and 12 feet Usually Slotted Blades have a Shelf Life. Carbide Blades 3/4 X 5 7/8 X 5 3/4 X 6 7/8 X 6 Square Edge Flat/Straight Edge Beveled / Curved Beveled High Wear Low Impact Isolating Blade Systems Reduced Vibrations Decreased Noise Levels Longer Wear Life Implemented on any Style Blade Reduced Operator Fatigue Lower Cost than Articulating 22

23 Articulating Blade Systems Reduced Vibrations Reduced Noise Levels Conforms to Road Surface More Efficient Cleaning = Less Salt Use Larger Carbide than Std. Carbide Blades (Sometimes Ceramic) Fewer Structural Failures Reduced Driver Fatigue Snow and Ice Removal VIOLET TOWNSHIP ROAD DEPARTMENT Prepared by Greg Butcher, PE Township Engineer December, %20Roads/Snow%20and%20Ice%20Removal%20Document-December% pdf 23