1st Annual Southwest Ohio Snow Conference April 8, 2010 Abner F. Johnson, Office of Maintenance - RWIS Coordinator

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1 1st Annual Southwest Ohio Snow Conference April 8, 2010 Abner F. Johnson, Office of Maintenance - RWIS Coordinator

2 The Ohio Department of Transportation ODOT has approximately 5500 full-time employees and is comprised of Central Office and 12 districts. 11 th Annual Local Government Officials Conference 2

3 Average Ohio Annual Snowfall 3

4 Snow and Ice Control 4

5 Weather Fatalities Ohio's Annual Weather Related Fatalities Snow & Ice Crashes (52.6) Based on 10 year average ( ) Ohio Department of Public Safety data. * Hurricane (0) * Tornado (1.1) * Lightning (1.2) * Cold (1.3) * Wind (2.2) * Flood (3.6) * Based on 10 year average ( ) NOAA National Weather Service data. 5

6 ODOT s Effective Storm Management Plan 1.Timely Assessments 2.Proper Adjustments 3.Flexible Operations Strategy 6

7 ODOT Storm Management: 1. S&I Assessment & Response Team 2. Control Columbus Radio Dispatch 3. Buckeye Traffic 4. Incident Management Playbook 5. Established Chain-of-Command 7

8 2 Questions Every Winter Maintenance Manager Wants to Know: What am I Going to Get and When am I Going to Get it? 8

9 What Am I Going To Get? Storm Composition Precipitation Type? Intensity? Wind? When Am I Going To Get It? Storm Timing Begins? Changes? Ends? 9

10 N/W Low Pressure Systems (Alberta Clippers) L L L L 10

11 Alberta Clippers N/W Air Flow All Snow Fast Moving Less Accumulation Blowing & Drifting Whiteouts Possible 11

12 Major Storms Gulf or Pacific Lows L L L L L L L L L L L 12

13 Major Storms Gulf or Pacific Lows S/W Air Flow Warmer Air Warmer Water Mixes w/ Cold Air North Heavier Snow Wetter Snow Sleet Freezing Rain Wintry Mix 13

14 Atlantic Northeastern Lows 29 N/E Air Flow East Coast Low Usually Light Accumulation Usually Affects Eastern Half. Watch Wind Direction & Dew Point 14

15 Lake Effect Snows 15

16 16

17 17

18 18

19 19

20 20

21 21

22 22

23 23

24 Lake Effect Snows (Michigan & Erie) Combines Lake Temp. Air Temp. Prevail. Winds Favorable Conditions Air temp (850mb or 5,000 ft.) 15 degrees or more colder than the lake temperature 24

25 Storm Tips Watch for High Winds Afterwards Wind Direction May Indicate: Rain Changing to Snow Snow /Sleet /Freezing Rain, etc. 25

26 (What Am I Going To Get?) Tracking Weather 26

27 Radar 27

28 Radar 10,000 ft. Rain 15-20k ft. (avg.) Snow 2,500-3,500 ft. The curvature of the Earth affects radar. Lower hanging snow clouds must be closer to the radar site before detection. 28

29 Detroit Rain 120 miles from Radar, the beam is at 10,000ft Ft. Wayne Cleveland Pittsburg Wilmington Charleston 29

30 Snow Because snow is lower in the atmosphere, radar is reduced to about 100 miles. Radar Gap Detroit Cleveland Ft. Worth Pittsburg Wilmington Charleston 30

31 Radar Gap Radar Gap 31

32 Freezing rain, drizzle & sleet 50 miles. Detroit Cleveland Ft. Wayne Pittsburg Wilmington Charleston 32

33 Satellite 33

34 Visible Daytime Only Images. Infrared Heat/Cold Variation But Can t See Clouds Near the Ground 34

35 Abner Tip #1 Water Vapor Satellite Images Moist Air Dry Air Dry Air 35

36 1. Can be used to detect moisture moving into the area. Water Vapor Satellite Images 2. Allows you to see a complete atmospheric motion, not just where the clouds are. 3. Can be used to pick out the exact position of upper level lows. 36

37 Precipitation 37

38 Snow Melted Becomes Rain 38

39 Super Cooled Drops Become Freezing Rain 39

40 Re-Frozen Drops Become Sleet 40

41 No Warm Air Snow 41

42 When It Comes To ODOT Snow & Ice Operations: I m More Interested in What s On the Ground Because That s Where We Plow! 42

43 ( When Am I Going To Get It? ) Dew Point The Temperature at Which Air Can No Longer Hold Moisture 43

44 Abner Tip #2 When Dew Point & Air Temperature are Within 5 Degrees of Each Other, Expect Moisture Mist Fog Rain Snow 44

45 Treating Pavements 45

46 Pavement Temperatures Determines the Timing, Type & Duration of Snow & Ice Treatment Operations Impacted By: Air Temperature Trends Subsurface Temperatures Time of Day Cloud Cover Wind Speed 46

47 Daytime Cloud Cover affects changes in pavement temperature. 30 Thick cloud cover block thermal heating of pavement 50 Clear skies before a storm, help by warming up the pavement 47

48 Nighttime Cloud Cover affects changes in pavement temperature. 35º 35º 15º Clear skies will likely cause Pavements to become colder. Thick cloud cover at night reduces heat loss from the pavements. 48

49 Sub-Surface 33º 40º A warmer sub-surface affects our operation by slowing down pavement cooling overnight. as trapped heat escapes into the atmosphere. 49

50 Sub-Surface 68º 28º A cooler sub-surface affects our operation by Drawing Heat from pavements as soon as solar radiation ceases (the sun goes down!) 50

51 Frost & Black Ice 51

52 Temperature (F) Dew Point Tip # Pavement Air Temp Dewpoint pm Midnight 5am 7am Time 53

53 Why does a cold can sweat on a hot day? Air Temp 88 Dewpoint 60 Can Temp 35 The can is colder than the dewpoint outside. As the air near the can cools, water in the air forms droplets on the can. 54

54 Temperature Black Ice Due to Cold Sub-Surface Cold Sub-Surface Air Pavement Dew Point 15 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 55

55 Road Frost (Black Ice) Conditions: 1. Air Temp & Dew Point Converging 2. Surface Temperature Below 32 Degrees 3. Dew Point Temp Above the Surface Temp 4. Slight Wind (2-7mph) 5. Clear Skies 56

56 ODOT Uses Anti-Icing Principles in its Snow & Ice Strategies

57 Anti-Icing Treatment Objective 1. The Right Material 2. On the Right Road 3. In the Right Amount 4. At The Right Time To Prevent Southwest or Ohio Delay Snow Ice Conference from 2010 Bonding to the Pavement 58

58 It Takes 10 Times More Resource to De-Ice as to Anti-Ice!

59 Treating Pavements At 30 At 20 At 5 1lb. of Salt Will Melt 46 lbs. of Ice 5 Times More salt is needed! 11 Times More salt is needed! to Melt the same 46 lbs. 60

60 ODOT s Anti-Icing, Salt Smart Strategy Premise: There is A Non-Linear Relationship Between Salt Use and Snow Amount 61

61 Brine and Lower Application Rates May Be More Effective at the Beginning of an Event! 62

62 Road & Weather Information Systems 63

63 RWIS for ODOT Snow & Ice Operations 64

64 RWIS (Road & Weather Information Systems) 65

65 ODOT s RWIS System 171 Sites All Counties All Major Highways Air Temperature Dew Point Relative Humidity Precipitation Type Wind Direction & Speed Pavement Temperatures Pavement Conditions Traffic Speeds & Volume 66

66 Ohio RWIS for Operations Actual Conditions - Live Data (History, Not Forecasts) - Specific Locations (On ODOT s System) - Every 5 Minutes Pavement Temperature & Condition Pavement Sensors (Imbedded) - Pavement Temperature - Pavement Wet/Dry Condition - Traffic Speeds & Volume This Data is Unavailable Elsewhere. 67

67 Ohio RWIS for Operations Design - For ODOT S&I Operations - Does Not Run Cameras, Signs, Signals. Storm Tracking - Via & Site Density Scheme - Update Frequency Storm Effect Can be Monitored as Across the State or Region. 68

68 Ohio RWIS for Operations ODOT s RWIS Is Used By: - The National Weather Service - Weather Underground - Private Forecasters - Federal, State and Local Gov ts 69

69 Buckeyetraffic.org 70

70 71

71 72

72 Tracking Surface Conditions Around Ohio 73

73 74

74 75

75 76

76 77

77 Tracking Conditions Around the U.S. 78

78 171 79

79 Comments or Questions? THANKS! ODOT RWIS Coordinator

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