Occlusion Cyclogenesis
|
|
|
- Leslie Woods
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Occlusion Cyclogenesis Part I: Occlusion cloud bands in comparison to CF and WFs Concepts for cyclogenesis Different types of cyclogenesis and examples Numerical parameters on isobaric and isentropic surfaces
2 17 June 2016/18 UTC/IR Fully developed occlusion cloud band 17 June 2016/18 UTC/WV Fully developed occlusion cloud band WF Occl L WS Occl L CF Occlusion fronts cloud bands Some well-known qualities: Occlusion cloud bands have spiral form They are closest to the low centres in the troposphere They are connected to cold front and warm front bands
3 17 June 2016/18 UTC/HRVis 17 June 2016/18 UTC/IR Occl Occl 17 June 2016/12 UTC/Vis 17 June 2016/12 UTC/HRVis Occl Occl
4 17 June 2016/18 UTC/air mass RGB 17 June 2016/18 UTC/dust RGB
5 Occlusion front - Occlusion cloud band Some well-known qualities: Occlusion Cloud bands have spiral form They are closest to the low centres in the troposphere They are connected to cold front and warm front bands They develop from cold and warm front bands during the process of a cyclogenesis Occlusion cloud bands are the result of a cyclogenesis process Processes and types of cyclogenesis
6 Meteorological theories about cyclogenesis What theories about cyclogenesis are well know? Classical Polar Front theory (Bjerkness and Solberg, 1921/22) Conveyor Belt Models (~ 1980) Shapiro Keyser cyclogenesis (1990) Importance of Upper Level Phenomena The Hoskins theory - PV thinking
7 The classical Polar Front Theory A disturbance initiates the cyclogenesis process; A low centre at the surface appears; Cold air moves fast against warm air; fronts with cloudiness develop at the baroclinic boundaries between the air masses; The cold front moves faster than the warm front the warm sector in between becomes smaller; In the area of the low centre cold air lifts warm air, the occlusion cloud spiral develops; View is mainly from parameters in the lower troposphere L Developed wave stage Wave stage Occlusion stage
8 Role of satellite images/data within these concepts Which of these concept ideas can be enhanced through satellite images? Which new facts can be seen in satellite images and added to the concepts? Two different types of occlusion cloud spirals
9 14 March 2016/18 UTC/IR Fully developed occlusion cloud band 13 March 2016/06 UTC/IR Wave stage Cyan: height contours 1000 hpa
10 13 March 2014/06 UTC/IR First indication of wave development 13 March 2014/18 UTC/IR Wave stage 14 March 2014/06 UTC/IR Advanced wave/ Beginning occlusion stage 14 March 2014/12 UTC/IR Occlusion stage 4 stages of cyclogenesis: IR images u.l: front + first indiction of wave u.r: Wave stage l.l: Advanced wave/beginning occlusion stage l.r: Occlusion stage Cyan: Height contours 1000 hpa
11 14 March 2016/18 UTC/IR Fully developed occlusion cloud band 13 March 2016/06 UTC/IR Wave stage temperature advection 700 hpa Blue: CA Red: WA
12 13 March 2016/06 UTC/IR First indication of wave development 13 March 2016/18 UTC/IR Wave stage 4 stages of cyclogenesis: IR images u.l: front + first indiction of wave u.r: Wave stage l.l: Advanced wave l.r: Occlusion stage 14 March 2016/06 UTC/IR Advanced wave 14 March 2016/12 UTC/IR Occlusion stage Temperature advection 700 hpa Blue: CA Red: WA
13 Role of satellite images/data within these concepts Which of these concept ideas can be enhanced through satellite images? Which new facts can be seen in satellite images and added to the concepts? Two different types of occlusion cloud spirals
14 Appearances of Occlusion cloud bands during the cyclogenesis process Occlusion cloud bands have spiral form which develops from a cloud bulge (a wave area) at the rear side of a cold front band Warm conveyor belt type (WCB) 17 June 2016/ 12 UTC WF Often occlusion cloud spirals show lower cloud top heights than the related CF- WF bands It gives the impression to grow from below the CF band from E to W and further circling around the low centre Cold conveyor belt type (CCB) WS Occl WF Occl WS CF CF 11 February 2011/00 4 February 2016/ 12 UTC 7 February 2011/00
15 17 June 2016/ 00 UTC/ WCB type 17 June 2016/ 06 UTC, WCB type 17 June 2016/ 18 UTC, WCB type 4 February 2016/12 UTC, CCB type 4 February 2016/18 UTC, CCB type 5 February 2016/00 UTC, CCB type
16 Conveyor Belt Theory Conveyor Belts are: Air mass bodies transported on an isentropic surface like on a Conveyor Belt This transport on isentropic surfaces is by relative streams Relative to system velocity; as if an observer moves with the occlusion spiral Meteorology has recognised only few typical conveyor belts associated to and typical for the different fronts Isentrops in a vertical cross section Conveyor Belt theory is not a separate view but a different, complementary view into the processes taking place in the atmosphere Isobars on an Isentropic surface
17 Ana Cold Front Cyclogenesis from the view of conveyor belt theory Warm Front Band WCB Occlusion Kata Cold Front Warm Front Shield CCB Occlusion For Cold Fronts two relative streams: the warm conveyor belt (red) the dry intrusion (yellow) (The upper relative stream (green)) For Warm Fronts two relative streams: the warm conveyor belt (red) The cold conveyor belt (blue) For the Occlusion Fronts three conveyor belts: The warm conveyor belt (WCB) (red) The dry intrusion (DI) (yellow) The cold conveyor belt (CCB) (blue) (The upper rel. stream (URS) (green))
18 WCB: warm conveyor belt: Rising from S,SE N,NE Sinking from N,NE S, SE Transports warm, moist air Air mass RGB: Green, yellowish DI: Dry intrusion: Sinking from NW SE Rising from SE to N and splitting in branch to NW and to NE Transports: very cold dry air Air mass RGB: brown to dark brown URS: Upper Relative Stream In biggest part parallel to DI but comes from more W, NW Transports dry but less cold air Air mass RGB: Blue to brownish CCB: Cold Conveyor Belt Rising from E,SE NW Sinking from N,NW S,SE Emerging from below the WCB Transports moist air but less warm than in the WCB Air mass RGB: blue
19 Polar front theory WCB type sequence of development 16 June 2016/ 18 UTC/ WCB type 17 June 2016/ 00 UTC, WCB type 17 June 2016/ 18 UTC, WCB type Schematics of involved Conveyor Belt Warm conveyor belt Dry intrusion
20 Polar front theory - CCB type: sequence of development 4 February 2016/ 12 UTC 4 February 2016/ 18 UTC 5 February 2016/ 00 UTC Schematics of involved Conveyor Belts: Cold conveyor belt Warm conveyor belt Dry intrusion
21 CCB to WCB transition from the view of conveyor belt theory The classical Polar Front theory : Main conveyor belt: Warm conveyor Subtype of the classical Polar Front theory: The Cold conveyor Belt model
22 Transition Phase from CCB to WCB Occlusion/CyclogenesisType Airmass RGB images 4 February 2016/ 18 UTC 5 February 2016/ 06 UTC Schematics of involved Conveyor Belts: Cold conveyor belt Warm conveyor belt Dry intrusion
23 Occlusion cloud bands combined with numerical parameters on isobaric surfaces 14 July 2016/18 UTC/IR Cyan: Height contours 400 hpa Blue: Thermal front parameters Yellow: Isotachs 400 hpa
24 Occlusion cloud bands numerical parameters on isobaric surfaces Based on the classical Polar Front theory the following typical numerical parameters offer themselves as key parameters Height Contours: close to the surface (1000 hpa or surface pressure) In upper levels (500 or 300 hpa) Frontal parameters: Equivalent thickness and/or equivalent potential temperature (thetae) Thermal Front Parameter - TFP Temperature advection Upper level parameters: Jet axis + jet streak CVA: cyclonic vorticity advection PV: potential vorticity
25 14 July 2016/ 18 UTC Developed WCB occlusion L Upper image: height contours 1000 hpa Lower image: Height contours 500 hpa Fully developed low centre from surface to upper levels L
26 L 4 February 2016/ 12 UTC Phase of CCB occlusion Upper image: height contours 1000 hpa Lower image: Height contours 500 hpa Low centre in lower layers, trough in upper levels L
27 14 July 2016/ 18 UTC Developed WCB occlusion Upper images: Thetae 700 hpa, 500 hpa Lower image: Thetae 700 hpa TFP (Thermal Front Parameter) (blue) Well developed thetae ridge; TFP moves from rear side at the CF to the centre of the occlusion cloud band
28 04 February 2016/ 12 UTC Phase of CCB occlusion Upper image: Thetae 700 hpa Lower image: Thetae 700 hpa Equ. thickness TFP thickness ridge, but much smoother than for wcb occlusion; TFP accompanies CF and WF; Beginning occlusion
29 14 July 2016/ 18 UTC Developed WCB occlusion Upper image: Thetae 700 hpa Lower image: Temperature advection 700 hpa red: WA, blue: CA
30 04 February 2016/ 12 UTC Phase of CCB occlusion Upper image: Thetae 700 hpa Lower image: Temperature advection 700 hpa red: WA, blue: CA Ccb occlusion cloud band partly still under CA; WA max develops
31 14 July 2016/ 18 UTC Developed WCB occlusion Upper image: Relative vorticity 300 hpa Orange/black: zero line jet axis at 300 hpa; red: cyclonic vorticity, blue: anticyclonic vorticity lower image: Isotachs 300 hpa; jet streak Jet streaks are along the rear edge of the CF and the occlusion cloud band ; jet axis extends from the inner cloud edge of the occlusion to the outer one.
32 04 February 2016/ 12 UTC Phase of CCB occlusion Upper image: Relative vorticity 300 hpa Orange/black: zero line jet axis at 300 hpa; red: cyclonic vorticity, blue: anticyclonic vorticity lower image: Isotachs 300 hpa; jet streak Jet streaks are along the rear edge of the CF and WF band occlusion cloud band on the cyclonic side of the jet axis
33 14 July 2016/18 UTC WCB occlusion 04 February 2016/12 UTC CCB occlusion Yellow: Red: isotachs 300 hpa cyclonic vorticity maxima (CVA) 300 hpa
34 WCB Weather CCB
35 14 July 2016/18 UTC u.l: NWCSAF: cloud type u.r: Dust RGB l.l: NWCSAF: cloud top pressure
36 u.l: Synops l.l: Synops and Cloud Type (Nowcasting SAF) 14 July 2016/18 UTC u.r: Synop + Radar: Composite of Surface Rain Rate(Opera) l.r: Convective rainfall rate (Nowcasting SAF)
37 Precipitating Clouds (Nowcasting SAF) Above: 14 July 2016/12 UTC Below: 14 July 2016/18 UTC
38 Occlusion cloud bands: Numerical parameters on isentropic surfaces Vertical Cross Sections (VCS) 4February 2016/12 UTC Cyan: Heigth contours 400 hpa VCS: Black: moist isentropes Green/brown: relative humidity
39 Use of Isentropic Analysis - Use of Vertical Cross Sections (VCS) Training Module (Natasa Strelec Mahovic) Potential temperature(θ) is defined as the temperature an air parcel would have if it were expanded or compressed adiabatically to a pressure of 1000 hpa. Lines of constant potential temperature are isentropes In general the atmosphere tends to flow along isentropes "constant density" surfaces This holds true for weather disturbances such as jets and fronts Transport occurs across lines of constant potential vorticity in case of diabetic heating or turbulent mixing
40 Isentropic Analysis Isentropes give a quick overview of the stability of the atmosphere over larger area. The distance between the isentropes is a measure of static stability. VERY STABLE stratification is characterized by the high gradient of potential temperature. It is found in the regions of temperature inversion, therefore the most stable area in the troposphere is the TROPOPAUSE. STABLE are the areas depicted with rather high potential temperature gradient which is often found in the frontal zones, for example. The regions with superadiabatic lapse rate are UNSTABLE. In these regions potential temperature decreases with height. These are the conditions favorable for convective development!
41 Relevant Numerical Key Parameters in Vertical Cross Sections Based on the classical Polar Front theory the following typical numerical parameters offer themselves as key parameters Isentropes (most isentropes) Rel. Humidity Divergence + upward motion Temperature advection Vorticity Advection Potential Vorticity > 2 PV unit Wind
42 14 July 2016/18 UTC: Cyan: Height contours 300 hpa Green arrow: VCS line from A to B B A
43 B A frontal Warm air Cold air unstable frontal Cold air unstable A 14 July 2016/18 UTC: black: moist isentropes; green: relative humidity B
44 B A Cloud band A 14 July 2016/18 UTC: black: moist isentropes; green: relative humidity B
45 14 July 2016/18 UTC black: moist isentropes; Red: upward motion, blue: downward motion black: moist isentropes; Red: convergence, blue: divergence C C C C C C C C
46 14 July 2016/18 UTC TA 700 hpa B A A black: moist isentropes; Red: warm advection blue: cold advection B
47 A B B A A black: moist isentropes; Brown: isotachs B 14 July 2016/18 UTC black: moist isentropes; Red: CVA (cycl.vort.adv.) blue: AVA (anticycl.vort.adv.) B A
48 14 July 2016/18 UTC B B A black: moist isentropes; Magenta: PV > 2 PV units Blue arrow: height of tropopause A
49 Topics to be added Role of upper levels Role of relative vorticity Role of vorticity advection (CVA, AVA) Role of jet and jet streaks (Uccellini) Role of Potential Vorticity (PV) (Hoskins) Enough for today!
50 Application of the Dust RGB image for diagnosis /18 UTC What does the rose band in the dust image represent Support your decision with relevant numerical parameters Use the visualisation software eport Pro There might also other regions be of interest 17 June 2016/18 UTC Diagnosis of rose band Dust RGB Height contours 500/300 hpa Other material?
51 Detection of Polar Front Cyclogenesis Developments Which of the four cases are the result of a classical polar front theory Look at the image sequence as long back as necessary (usually hours) It might help if you superimpose Thetae 850 or 700 hpa and height contours in low levels 16 February 2016/12UTC 06 April 2016/18 UTC 10 April 2016/12 UTC 06 July 2016/18 UTC Development according to classical Polar Front theory: yes or no?
52 Diagnosis of cloud and precipitation with help of satellite information Describe the cloudiness of the occlusion cloud spiral with help of the Dust RGB Add information from Radar (Opera) and NWC SAF parameters about cloud type, height, precipitation Use eport Pro and the legends of the relevant parameters Use a table like the one below; you need not write lond descriptions but only the information from the legends tables Satellite channels Dust RGB Cloud type Cloud top pressure Precipitating clouds CRR 21 September 2016/12 UTC 21 September 2016/ 12 UTC Radar
53 Diagnosis of some numerical parameters on isobaric surfaces: 21 September versus 14 January 2016 Compare for both cases typical key parameters: Height contours 1000 and 500 hpa Thetae 850 hpa Temperature advection 700 hpa Relation of jet streak 400 hpa to the cloud band Use eport Pro Write the characteristic features with only one (very few) words in the table below Are there important differences between the two cases in which parameters; indicate these parameters Height 1000 hpa Height 500 hpa Thetae 850 hpa Temperature advection 700 hpa Jet streak 400 hpa in Relation to frontal cloud bands 21Sept16/ 12 UTC 14Jan16/ 12 UTC
54 Diagnosis of some numerical parameters in Vertical Cross Sections: 21 September versus 14 January 2016 Use eport Pro Compute the VCS (Vertical Cross Sections) for both cases similar to the indicated ones Localise and sign the occlusion front in the VCS and look into the parameter of temperature advection Draw a probable zeroline into the cross section and indicate the maxima of WA and CA in relation to the occlusion front Are there differences between the two cases?
55 Enough for today! Any Questions already now? The Students Forum is open for all questions coming up later! Thank you for your attention! See you tomorrow!
Occlusion cyclogenesis II
Occlusion cyclogenesis II Upper level influences on cyclogenesis Vorticity Advection (CVA) and the 4-quadrant jet streak model (Uccellini) Potential Vorticity (PV) (Hoskins Theory) Rapid cyclogenesis 14
1. COLD FRONT - CLOUD STRUCTURE IN SATELLITE IMAGES
1. COLD FRONT - CLOUD STRUCTURE IN SATELLITE IMAGES The satellite image shows a cyclonically curved synoptic scale cloud band usually a few hundred kilometres wide; in the VIS image the cloud band mostly
Introduction to Conceptual Models
Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik Introduction to Conceptual Models Veronika Zwatz-Meise IR Satellite Images with Satrep From Cloud systems in satellite images to Conceptual Models If we look
Isentropic Analysis. Much of this presentation is due to Jim Moore, SLU
Isentropic Analysis Much of this presentation is due to Jim Moore, SLU Utility of Isentropic Analysis Diagnose and visualize vertical motion - through advection of pressure and system-relative flow Depict
THE SYNOPTIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE 11 APRIL 2001 CENTRAL PLAINS TORNADO OUTBREAK VIEWED IN THREE DIMENSIONS
P1.1 THE SYNOPTIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE 11 APRIL 2001 CENTRAL PLAINS TORNADO OUTBREAK VIEWED IN THREE DIMENSIONS Daniel D. Nietfeld * NOAA/NWS/WFO Omaha/Valley, NE 1. INTRODUCTION A powerful low pressure
INTERPRETATION GUIDE TO MSG WATER VAPOUR CHANNELS
INTERPRETATION GUIDE TO MSG WATER VAPOUR CHANNELS C.G. Georgiev1 and P. Santurette2 1 National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Tsarigradsko chaussee 66, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Météo-France, 42,
Isentropic Thinking & Airstreams Analysis
Isentropic Thinking & Airstreams Analysis Drs. James T. Moore & Sam Ng Saint Louis University & Metropolitan State College of Denver Utility of Isentropic Analysis Diagnose and visualize vertical motion
Boundary layer controls on extratropical cyclone development
Boundary layer controls on extratropical cyclone development R. S. Plant (With thanks to: I. A. Boutle and S. E. Belcher) 28th May 2010 University of East Anglia Outline Introduction and background Baroclinic
Synoptic Meteorology II: Self-Development in the IPV Framework. 5-7 May 2015
Synoptic Meteorology II: Self-Development in the IPV Framework 5-7 May 2015 Readings: Section 5.3.6 of Midlatitude Synoptic Meteorology. Introduction In this and other recent lectures, we have developed
AN EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE ATLAS
AN EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE ATLAS A tool for illustrating cyclone structure and evolution characteristics BY H. F. DACRE, M. K. HAWCROFT, M. A. STRINGER AND K. I. HODGES Authors Affiliations H.F.Dacre, Department
Final Examination, MEA 443 Fall 2008, Lackmann
Place an X here to count it double! Name: Final Examination, MEA 443 Fall 2008, Lackmann If you wish to have the final exam count double and replace your midterm score, place an X in the box above. As
and 24 mm, hPa lapse rates between 3 and 4 K km 1, lifted index values
3.2 Composite analysis 3.2.1 Pure gradient composites The composite initial NE report in the pure gradient northwest composite (N = 32) occurs where the mean sea level pressure (MSLP) gradient is strongest
Mesoscale Atmospheric Systems. Surface fronts and frontogenesis. 06 March 2018 Heini Wernli. 06 March 2018 H. Wernli 1
Mesoscale Atmospheric Systems Surface fronts and frontogenesis 06 March 2018 Heini Wernli 06 March 2018 H. Wernli 1 Temperature (degc) Frontal passage in Mainz on 26 March 2010 06 March 2018 H. Wernli
Diabatic processes and the structure of the warm conveyor belt
2 nd European Windstorm Workshop Leeds, 3-4 September 2012 Diabatic processes and the structure of the warm conveyor belt Oscar Martínez-Alvarado J. Chagnon, S. Gray, R. Plant, J. Methven Department of
A SEVERE WEATHER EVENT IN ROMANIA DUE TO MEDITERRANEAN CYCLONIC ACTIVITY
A SEVERE WEATHER EVENT IN ROMANIA DUE TO MEDITERRANEAN CYCLONIC ACTIVITY Florinela Georgescu, Gabriela Bancila, Viorica Dima National Meteorological Administration, Bucharest, Romania Abstract Mediterranean
Mesoscale analysis of a comma cloud observed during FASTEX
Meteorol. Appl. 7, 129 134 (2000) Mesoscale analysis of a comma cloud observed during FASTEX K D Williams, Joint Centre for Mesoscale Meteorology, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, PO Box
Satellites, Weather and Climate Module 9: Air/sea interactions winter cyclogenesis
Satellites, Weather and Climate Module 9: Air/sea interactions winter cyclogenesis Winter storms things to consider Deep moisture Thermal discontinuity Favorable surface and upper level features Geographical
Convective Cloud Features in typical synoptic situations. Frans Debie
Convective Cloud Features in typical synoptic situations Frans Debie me SATRAPPERS Henk vesa Frans Veronika ab Teachers classroom Langen Cumulonimbus: Convection Convection, seen from ground 1 2 3 4 Outflow
EasyChair Preprint. Sotirios Tsiougkos and Dimitrios Brikas. November 9, 2018
EasyChair Preprint 616 Calculation of dynamic and thermodynamic parameters from spatial data of high spatial resolution of a weather event s specific case study event that occurred on the 16th and 17th
Summary of High Wind Event of 7 March 2004
Summary of High Wind Event of 7 March 2004 This event was characterized by a very strong jet streak that developed over North Carolina by 00 UTC 8 March, as seen in the Eta model analysis at 300 mb, with
1. Rossby and Ertel 2. Conservation and invertibility - a useful combination 2.1 Action at a distance
Met Office College - Course Notes Potential vorticity Contents 1. Rossby and Ertel 2. Conservation and invertibility - a useful combination 2.1 Action at a distance 3. Conceptual models of development
The water vapour channels of SEVIRI (Meteosat). An introduction
The water vapour channels of SEVIRI (Meteosat). An introduction jose.prieto@eumetsat.int Cachoeira P. July 2006 Formats 1.5 1 Objectives 2 Describe the characteristics of WV channels on board of SEVIRI
For the operational forecaster one important precondition for the diagnosis and prediction of
Initiation of Deep Moist Convection at WV-Boundaries Vienna, Austria For the operational forecaster one important precondition for the diagnosis and prediction of convective activity is the availability
http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/composites.html Red curve: Incoming solar radiation Blue curve: Outgoing infrared radiation. Three-cell model of general circulation Mid-latitudes: 30 to 60 latitude MID-LATITUDES
eport Nataša Strelec Mahović Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Grič 3, Zagreb, Croatia EUMeTrain project Abstract
eport Nataša Strelec Mahović Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Grič 3, Zagreb, Croatia EUMeTrain project Abstract The paper presents the concept of eport, an interface enabling the combined analysis
Vertical structure. To conclude, we will review the critical factors invloved in the development of extratropical storms.
Vertical structure Now we will examine the vertical structure of the intense baroclinic wave using three visualization tools: Upper level charts at selected pressure levels Vertical soundings for selected
Phenomena of synoptic scale
Chapter 5 Phenomena of synoptic scale 5.1 Analysis of fronts 5.1.1 Concept of fronts A front is defined as a boundary between air masses. At such a boundary, a vertical circulation is excited along the
Cyclones and Anticyclones, Ridges and Troughs
Cyclones and Anticyclones, Ridges and Troughs Isobars on surface maps often have a closed appearance (as illustrated) Areas of low pressure are called cyclones, while areas with high pressure are called
Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology in Midlatitudes
Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology in Midlatitudes VOLUME II Observations and Theory of Weather Systems HOWARD B. BLUESTEIN New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1993 Contents 1. THE BEHAVIOR OF SYNOPTIC-SCALE,
Answers to Clicker Questions
Answers to Clicker Questions Chapter 1 What component of the atmosphere is most important to weather? A. Nitrogen B. Oxygen C. Carbon dioxide D. Ozone E. Water What location would have the lowest surface
Chapter 12 Fronts & Air Masses
Chapter overview: Anticyclones or highs Air Masses o Classification o Source regions o Air masses of North America Fronts o Stationary fronts o Cold fronts o Warm fronts o Fronts and the jet stream o Frontogenesis
NOTES Surface Weather Maps.notebook. April 05, atmospheric. rises. Coriolis. Coriolis. counterclockwise. counterclockwise. point. origin.
Surface Weather Maps L Symbol : Indicates an area of low air pressure (aka, pressure or pressure). Called a relatively barometric atmospheric cyclone Formation: As warm air in the center cyclone of a,
Observation Homework Due 11/24. Previous Lecture. Midlatitude Cyclones
Lecture 21 Midlatitude Cyclones Observation Homework Due 11/24 1 2 Midlatitude Cyclones Midlatitude Cyclone or Winter Storm Cyclogenesis Energy Source Life Cycle Air Streams Vertical Structure Storm Hazards
Dynamic Meteorology: lecture 12
30/11/2018 (Friday) Dynamic Meteorology: lecture 12 Sections 9.5, 9.6 Omega equa)on Large scale ver)cal mo)on in a quasi-geostrophic atmosphere Two level model of the atmosphere 5/12/2017 (Wednesday!!!):
Science Olympiad Meteorology Quiz #1 Page 1 of 7
1) What is generally true about the stratosphere: a) Has turbulent updrafts and downdrafts. b) Has either a stable or increasing temperature profile with altitude. c) Where the auroras occur. d) Both a)
Middle Latitude Cyclones a storm that forms at middle and high latitudes, outside of the tropics.
Middle Latitude Cyclones a storm that forms at middle and high latitudes, outside of the tropics. Polar Front Theory a theory that explains the life cycle of mid latitude cyclones and their associated
Diabatic processes and the structure of extratropical cyclones
Geophysical and Nonlinear Fluid Dynamics Seminar AOPP, Oxford, 23 October 2012 Diabatic processes and the structure of extratropical cyclones Oscar Martínez-Alvarado R. Plant, J. Chagnon, S. Gray, J. Methven
Rapid cyclogenesis over Poland on 28 March 1997
Meteorol. Appl. 6, 363 370 (1999) Rapid cyclogenesis over Poland on 28 March 1997 Jan Waclaw Parfiniewicz, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, ul. Podleœna 61, 01 673 Warszawa, Poland A small
Mid-Latitude Cyclones and Fronts. Lecture 12 AOS 101
Mid-Latitude Cyclones and Fronts Lecture 12 AOS 101 Homework 4 COLDEST TEMPS GEOSTROPHIC BALANCE Homework 4 FASTEST WINDS L Consider an air parcel rising through the atmosphere The parcel expands as it
Air Masses of North America cp and ca air masses Air mass characterized by very cold and dry conditions
Chapter 8: Air Masses, Fronts, and Middle-Latitude Cyclones Air masses Fronts Middle-latitude cyclones Air Masses Air mass an extremely large body of air whose properties of temperature and humidity are
Use of potential vorticity fields, Meteosat water vapour imagery and pseudo water vapour images for evaluating numerical model behaviour
Meteorol. Appl. 8, 57 69 (2001) Use of potential vorticity fields, Meteosat water vapour imagery and pseudo water vapour images for evaluating numerical model behaviour Christo G Georgiev, National Institute
Baroclinic wave. Atmospheric Dynamics: lecture 14 18/12/15. Topics. Chapter 9: Baroclinic waves and cyclogenesis. What is a baroclinic wave?
Atmospheric Dynamics: lecture 14 (http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~delde102/) Topics Chapter 9: Baroclinic waves and cyclogenesis What is a baroclinic wave? Quasi-geostrophic equations Omega equation Original
A Cyclogenesis south of the Alps. Manfred Kurz Neustadt/Weinstraße
A Cyclogenesis south of the Alps Manfred Kurz Neustadt/Weinstraße A cyclogenesis south of the Alps Surface maps 06-11-99, 00 UTC The occluded frontal system of a quasi-stationary low above the North Sea
MET 3502 Synoptic Meteorology. Lecture 8: September 16, AIRMASSES, FRONTS and FRONTAL ANALYSIS (2)
MET 3502 Synoptic Meteorology Lecture 8: September 16, 2010 AIRMASSES, FRONTS and FRONTAL ANALYSIS (2) Identifying a cold front on a surface weather map: 1. Surface front is located at the leading edge
Department of Earth & Climate Sciences San Francisco State University
Department of Earth & Climate Sciences San Francisco State University Name ERTH 260: Inclass Exercise #5 Working With Weather Maps and Soundings: Finding Pressure Features and Fronts Due Wednesday 28 February
Multiscale Analyses of Inland Tropical Cyclone Midlatitude Jet Interactions: Camille (1969) and Danny (1997)
Multiscale Analyses of Inland Tropical Cyclone Midlatitude Jet Interactions: Camille (1969) and Danny (1997) Matthew Potter, Lance Bosart, and Daniel Keyser Department of Atmospheric and Environmental
Divergence, Spin, and Tilt. Convergence and Divergence. Midlatitude Cyclones. Large-Scale Setting
Midlatitude Cyclones Equator-to-pole temperature gradient tilts pressure surfaces and produces westerly jets in midlatitudes Waves in the jet induce divergence and convergence aloft, leading to surface
CONVERGENCE, DIVERGENCE, AND VORTICITY
CHAPTER 1 CONVERGENCE, DIVERGENCE, AND VORTICITY In your reading of the AG2 manual, volume 1, you became familiar with the terms convergence, divergence, and vorticity when used in relation to surface
p = ρrt p = ρr d = T( q v ) dp dz = ρg
Chapter 1: Properties of the Atmosphere What are the major chemical components of the atmosphere? Atmospheric Layers and their major characteristics: Troposphere, Stratosphere Mesosphere, Thermosphere
Quasi-Geostrophic Implications
Chapter 10 Quasi-Geostrophic Implications When you look at a weather chart with all its isolines and plotted data, you need a framework upon which to interpret what you see. Quasi-geostrophic theory provides
Mid-Latitude Dynamics and Atmospheric Rivers
Mid-Latitude Dynamics and Atmospheric Rivers Session: Theory, Structure, Processes 1 Wednesday, 10 August 2016 Contribution from: Heini Werni Peter Knippertz Harold Sodemann Andreas Stohl Francina Dominguez
Combined and parallel use of MSG composite images and SAFNWC/MSG products at the Hungarian Meteorological Service
Combined and parallel use of MSG composite images and SAFNWC/MSG products at the Hungarian Meteorological Service Mária Putsay, Kornél Kolláth and Ildikó Szenyán Hungarian Meteorological Service H-1525
A case of Rapid Cyclogenesis over Ionian Sea on February 6 th, 2012
Author: Kyriaki Metheniti, HNMS Showcase Title: A case of Rapid Cyclogenesis Time frame: February 6 to February 7, 2012 Study region: Eastern Mediterranean, Ionian Sea A case of Rapid Cyclogenesis over
Forecast for 6/28-7/31. Forecaster: Matthew Brewer Forecast made at: 12z 6/27/2017
Forecast for 6/28-7/31 Forecaster: Matthew Brewer Forecast made at: 12z 6/27/2017 Whiteface lodge Mesonet Meteogram for the past 24 hours http://www.nysmesonet.org/data/meteogram#?stid=wfmb Whiteface Summit
WATER VAPOUR IMAGERY ANALYSIS IN 7.3µ/6.2µ FOR DIAGNOSING THERMO-DYNAMIC CONTEXT OF INTENSE CONVECTION
WATER VAPOUR IMAGERY ANALYSIS IN 7.3µ/6.2µ FOR DIAGNOSING THERMO-DYNAMIC CONTEXT OF INTENSE CONVECTION P. Santurette 1 and C.G. Georgiev 2 1 Météo-France, 42, Avenue G. Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse Cedex 01,
SEVERE AND UNUSUAL WEATHER
SEVERE AND UNUSUAL WEATHER Basic Meteorological Terminology Adiabatic - Referring to a process without the addition or removal of heat. A temperature change may come about as a result of a change in the
XC Meteorology. And other bullshit
XC Meteorology And other bullshit (c) Jim White 2014 Why do Met? Choose whether to turn up Choose best task for day Choose glider configuration Choose pilot configuration! Avoid being in wrong place Achieve
Examination #3 Wednesday, 28 November 2001
Name & Signature Dr. Droegemeier Student ID Meteorology 1004 Introduction to Meteorology Fall, 2001 Examination #3 Wednesday, 28 November 2001 BEFORE YOU BEGIN!! Please be sure to read each question CAREFULLY
SPI Analyze data to identify events associated with heat convection in the atmosphere. SPI Recognize the connection between the
SPI 0607.8.1 - Analyze data to identify events associated with heat convection in the atmosphere. SPI 0607.8.2 - Recognize the connection between the sun s energy and the wind. o Energy from the Sun creates
True or false: The atmosphere is always in hydrostatic balance. A. True B. False
Clicker Questions and Clicker Quizzes Clicker Questions Chapter 7 Of the four forces that affect the motion of air in our atmosphere, which is to thank for opposing the vertical pressure gradient force
Lec 10: Interpreting Weather Maps
Lec 10: Interpreting Weather Maps Case Study: October 2011 Nor easter FIU MET 3502 Synoptic Hurricane Forecasts Genesis: on large scale weather maps or satellite images, look for tropical waves (Africa
Project 2 Fronts
12.307 Project 2 Fronts Lodovica Illari and John Marshall March 2010 Abstract We inspect fronts crossing the country associated with day-to-day variations in the weather using real-time atmospheric observations.
Synoptic Meteorology I: Skew-T Diagrams and Thermodynamic Properties
Synoptic Meteorology I: Skew-T Diagrams and Thermodynamic Properties For Further Reading Most information contained within these lecture notes is drawn from Chapters 1, 2, 4, and 6 of The Use of the Skew
Air Masses, Fronts, Storm Systems, and the Jet Stream
Air Masses, Fronts, Storm Systems, and the Jet Stream Air Masses When a large bubble of air remains over a specific area of Earth long enough to take on the temperature and humidity characteristics of
QUALITY OF MPEF DIVERGENCE PRODUCT AS A TOOL FOR VERY SHORT RANGE FORECASTING OF CONVECTION
QUALITY OF MPEF DIVERGENCE PRODUCT AS A TOOL FOR VERY SHORT RANGE FORECASTING OF CONVECTION C.G. Georgiev 1, P. Santurette 2 1 National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Fixed Rossby Waves: Quasigeostrophic Explanations and Conservation of Potential Vorticity
Fixed Rossby Waves: Quasigeostrophic Explanations and Conservation of Potential Vorticity 1. Observed Planetary Wave Patterns After upper air observations became routine, it became easy to produce contour
Three-dimensional Structure in Midlatitude Cyclones. ATMS 370 Due Friday, March 9, 2018
Three-dimensional Structure in Midlatitude Cyclones ATMS 370 Due Friday, March 9, 2018 In this lab, we exam a cross-section for a case that occurred in January 1996 and use backwards calculated trajectories
Weather report 28 November 2017 Campinas/SP
Weather report 28 November 2017 Campinas/SP Summary: 1) Synoptic analysis and pre-convective environment 2) Verification 1) Synoptic analysis and pre-convective environment: At 1200 UTC 28 November 2017
THE MAP ROOM. BAND ON THE RUN Chasing the Physical Processes Associated with Heavy Snowfall
THE MAP ROOM BAND ON THE RUN Chasing the Physical Processes Associated with Heavy Snowfall BY CHARLES E. GRAVES, JAMES T. MOORE, MARC J. SINGER, AND SAM NG AFFILIATIONS: GRAVES, MOORE, AND NG Department
DANISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE
DANISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE SCIENTIFIC REPORT 3-11 Quasigeostrophic interpretation of extratropical cyclogenesis Niels Woetmann Nielsen COPENHAGEN 23 ISSN Nr. 9-3263 (printed) ISSN Nr. 1399-1949 (online)
Forcing, instability and equivalent potential vorticity in a Midwest USA convective snowstorm
Meteorol. Appl. 10, 273 280 (2003) DOI:10.1017/S1350482703003074 Forcing, instability and equivalent potential vorticity in a Midwest USA convective snowstorm Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University
Weather Station Model
Fun with Weather Maps! (no, really stop laughing) AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Station Model Temperature Maps Pressure Maps Fronts Lecture
Jacob Bjerknes Halvor Solberg Tor Bergeron
The Norwegian Cyclone Model and Extensions Jim Steenburgh University of Utah Jim.Steenburgh@utah.edu Reading: ackmann Section 5.4; Bjerknes and Solberg (1922), Godske et al. (1957, p. 526-537), Reed (1990)
February 2011: A Month of Below Average Temperatures, A Record Cold Snap, and a Sharp Frontal Passage with Snow
1 Steven Mullen February 2011: A Month of Below Average Temperatures, A Record Cold Snap, and a Sharp Frontal Passage with Snow Overview of the Weather and Detail Diagnosis for Feb 25 th -27 th Daily surface
Jacob Bjerknes Halvor Solberg Tor Bergeron
11/29/18 The Norwegian Cyclone Model and Extensions Jim Steenburgh University of Utah Jim.Steenburgh@utah.edu Reading: ackmann Section 5.4; Bjerknes and Solberg (1922), Godske et al. (1957, p. 526-537),
1.4 CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PV INTRUSIONS AND TROPICAL CONVECTION. Beatriz M. Funatsu* and Darryn Waugh The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
1.4 CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PV INTRUSIONS AND TROPICAL CONVECTION Beatriz M. Funatsu* and Darryn Waugh The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 1. INTRODUCTION Stratospheric intrusions into the tropical
Maps and Remote Sensing AOSC 200 Tim Canty
Maps and Remote Sensing AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Weather Maps Radar Satellite Observations Lecture 04 Feb 7 2019 1 Today s Weather Map
ESCI 344 Tropical Meteorology Lesson 11 Tropical Cyclones: Formation, Maintenance, and Intensification
ESCI 344 Tropical Meteorology Lesson 11 Tropical Cyclones: Formation, Maintenance, and Intensification References: A Global View of Tropical Cyclones, Elsberry (ed.) Global Perspectives on Tropical Cylones:
Example of the "Vorticity Advection" Pitfall
Example of the "Vorticity Advection" Pitfall NOGAPS 60 h Forecast for 500 mb Heights and Absolute Vorticity The 500 mb chart with absolute vorticity overlain is the first chart most operational meteorologists
DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY. Metr Fall 2012 Test #1 200 pts. Part I. Surface Chart Interpretation.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY NAME Metr 356.01 Fall 2012 Test #1 200 pts Part I. Surface Chart Interpretation. Figure 1. Surface Chart for 1500Z 7 September 2007 1 1. Pressure
INTRODUCTION TO METEOROLOGY PART ONE SC 213 MAY 21, 2014 JOHN BUSH
INTRODUCTION TO METEOROLOGY PART ONE SC 213 MAY 21, 2014 JOHN BUSH WEATHER PATTERNS Extratropical cyclones (low pressure core) and anticyclones (high pressure core) Cold fronts and warm fronts Jet stream
10B.2 THE ROLE OF THE OCCLUSION PROCESS IN THE EXTRATROPICAL-TO-TROPICAL TRANSITION OF ATLANTIC HURRICANE KAREN
10B.2 THE ROLE OF THE OCCLUSION PROCESS IN THE EXTRATROPICAL-TO-TROPICAL TRANSITION OF ATLANTIC HURRICANE KAREN Andrew L. Hulme* and Jonathan E. Martin University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
Chapter 1 Anatomy of a Cyclone
Chapter 1 Anatomy of a Cyclone The Beast in the East 15-17 February 2003 Extra-tropical cyclone an area of low pressure outside of the tropics Other names for extra-tropical cyclones: Cyclone Mid-latitude
Charles A. Doswell III, Harold E. Brooks, and Robert A. Maddox
Charles A. Doswell III, Harold E. Brooks, and Robert A. Maddox Flash floods account for the greatest number of fatalities among convective storm-related events but it still remains difficult to forecast
Cyclolysis: A Diagnosis of Two Extratropical Cyclones
2714 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 129 Cyclolysis: A Diagnosis of Two Extratropical Cyclones WILLIAM E. MORRIS JR.* AND PHILLIP J. SMITH Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University
Feel free to ask me if you are confused about the meaning of any question. Good luck, and have a great spring break!
Name: _ MEA 214 Midterm Exam, Spring 2011 Feel free to ask me if you are confused about the meaning of any question. Good luck, and have a great spring break! 1.) For each of the characteristics listed
Isentropic Analysis. We can look at weather data in other ways besides on constantpressure. Meteorology 411 Iowa State University Week 11 Bill Gallus
Isentropic Analysis We can look at weather data in other ways besides on constantpressure surfaces! Meteorology 411 Iowa State University Week 11 Bill Gallus A brief history of meteorology In the 1930s
AOSC201: Weather and Climate Lab
AOSC201: Weather and Climate Lab Week 8: Forecasting - Analysis Section 107/108 Instructor: Agniv Sengupta q Lab #7 of Lab Manual (pages 41-49) q 50 points in total q INDIVIDUAL Work for the entire lab
Synoptic Meteorology II: Petterssen-Sutcliffe Development Theory Application March 2015
Synoptic Meteorology II: Petterssen-Sutcliffe Development Theory Application 10-12 March 2015 In our lecture on Petterssen-Sutcliffe Development Theory, we outlined the principle of selfdevelopment in
1. Which weather map symbol is associated with extremely low air pressure? A) B) C) D) 2. The diagram below represents a weather instrument.
1. Which weather map symbol is associated with extremely low air pressure? 2. The diagram below represents a weather instrument. Which weather variable was this instrument designed to measure? A) air pressure
Fun with Weather Maps! (no, really stop laughing) AOSC 200 Tim Canty
Fun with Weather Maps! (no, really stop laughing) AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Observations Station Model Temperature Maps Pressure Maps
Climatology of dry air intrusions and their relation to strong surface winds in extratropical cyclones
Climatology of dry air intrusions and their relation to strong surface winds in extratropical cyclones...and intro to synoptic and meso-scale cyclone dynamics Shira Raveh-Rubin and Heini Wernli Institute
Extratropical and Polar Cloud Systems
Extratropical and Polar Cloud Systems Gunilla Svensson Department of Meteorology & Bolin Centre for Climate Research George Tselioudis Extratropical and Polar Cloud Systems Lecture 1 Extratropical cyclones
Practical Atmospheric Analysis
Chapter 12 Practical Atmospheric Analysis With the ready availability of computer forecast models and statistical forecast data, it is very easy to prepare a forecast without ever looking at actual observations,
General Circulation of the Atmosphere. René Garreaud
General Circulation of the Atmosphere René Garreaud www.dgf.uchile.cl/rene General circulation of the Atmosphere Low latitude areas receive more solar energy than high latitudes (because of earth sphericity).
Dynamics of the Atmosphere. Large-scale flow with rotation and stratification
12.810 Dynamics of the Atmosphere Large-scale flow with rotation and stratification Visualization of meandering jet stream Upper level winds from June 10th to July 8th 1988 from MERRA Red shows faster
Introduction to Isentropic Coordinates: a new view of mean meridional & eddy circulations. Cristiana Stan
Introduction to Isentropic Coordinates: a new view of mean meridional & eddy circulations Cristiana Stan School and Conference on the General Circulation of the Atmosphere and Oceans: a Modern Perspective
Examples of Pressure Gradient. Pressure Gradient Force. Chapter 7: Forces and Force Balances. Forces that Affect Atmospheric Motion 2/2/2015
Chapter 7: Forces and Force Balances Forces that Affect Atmospheric Motion Fundamental force - Apparent force - Pressure gradient force Gravitational force Frictional force Centrifugal force Forces that
Images in weather forecasting
Images in weather forecasting A practical guide for interpreting satellite and radar imagery Edited by M. J. Bader, Meteorological Office, UK G. S. Forbes, Pennsylvania State University, USA J. R. Grant,
Final Examination. Part A Answer ONLY TWELVE QUESTIONS in Part A. (Each question is 3 points)
ATS 210 Spring Term 2001 NAME: Final Examination This is a 2 hour, closed-book examination. Calculators may be used. All answers should be written on the examination paper. Use the final sheet for any