1. Which weather map symbol is associated with extremely low air pressure? A) B) C) D) 2. The diagram below represents a weather instrument.

Transcription

1 1. Which weather map symbol is associated with extremely low air pressure? 2. The diagram below represents a weather instrument. Which weather variable was this instrument designed to measure? A) air pressure B) dewpoint C) relative humidity D) amount of precipitation

2 Base your answers to questions 3 through 5 on the weather map below and on your knowledge of Earth Science. The map shows a low-pressure system with two fronts extending from its center (L). Points A, B, C, and D represents locations on Earth's surface. Two different air masses are labeled. 3. Which locations are most likely experiencing precipitation? A) A and B B) B and C C) C and D D) D and B 4. Which cross section best represents the frontal boundary (fb) and general pattern of air movements between locations C and D? 5. Which atmospheric conditions describe the air mass that is influencing weather conditions at location C? A) cool and dry B) cool and moist C) warm and dry D) warm and moist 6. A large rainstorm follows the usual direction of movement of a weather system across the United States. Which part of New York State will receive rain from the storm first? A) northwestern B) northeastern C) southwestern D) southeastern

3 7. The weather map below shows a portion of a low-pressure system. Which front will most likely pass over location A during the next two hours'? A) warm B) stationary C) occluded D) cold 8. The cross section of the atmosphere below represents the air motion near two frontal boundaries along reference line XY on Earth's surface. Which weather map correctly identifies these fronts and indicates the direction that these fronts are moving?

4 9. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows air temperature, dewpoint, and present weather conditions for a 23-hour period at Dallas, Texas. The thunderstorm that occurred between 11 p.m. and 12 midnight was most likely the result of A) the arrival of a warm front B) the arrival of a cold front C) an increase in the difference between air temperature and dewpoint D) an increase in both air temperature and dewpoint 10. Weather along most fronts is usually cloudy with precipitation because the warm air along most fronts is usually A) sinking and cooling, causing water to evaporate B) sinking and warming, causing water to evaporate C) rising and cooling, causing water vapor to condense D) rising and warming, causing water vapor to condense

5 Base your answers to questions 11 through 14 on the weather map below. The map shows a low-pressure system and some atmospheric conditions at weather stations A, B, and C. 11. Which cross section best represents the air masses, air movement, clouds, and precipitation occurring behind and ahead of the warm front located between stations A and B? 12. Which type of weather is usually associated with a cp air mass, as shown near weather station C? A) moist and cool B) moist and warm C) dry and cool D) dry and warm

6 13. The arrows on which map best represent the direction of surface winds associated with this low-pressure system? 14. If this weather system follows a normal storm track, the low-pressure center (L) will generally move toward the A) northeast B) northwest C) southeast D) southwest

7 15. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below. Points A, B, C, and D are locations on Earth's surface. 19. In winter, a cold, dry air mass from Canada moves across Lake Ontario. The air over the lake is warmer and more humid than the air over the land. Which weather condition is most likely to occur as the air mass reaches Oswego? A) lake-effect snowstorm B) tornado C) warm, sunny weather D) hurricane Which type of front extends southward from the center of the low? A) occluded B) warm C) stationary D) cold 16. An airmass originating over north central Canada would most likely be A) warm and dry B) warm and moist C) cold and dry D) cold and moist 17. An air mass originating over the North Pacific Ocean would most likely be A) continental polar B) continental tropical C) maritime polar D) maritime tropical 18. Tornadoes occur when a very cold, dry air mass meets a very warm, wet air mass. Which two air masses would most likely form a tornado when they meet? A) cp and ca B) ct and mp C) cp and mt D) mp and mt

8 20. Which map shows normal paths followed by low-pressure storm centers as they pass across the United States? 21. Dry areas caused by sinking air and diverging surface winds are located at which two latitudes? A) 0 and 30 N B) 0 and 60 S C) 30 N and 30 S D) 60 N and 60 S 22. In which map does the arrow show the general direction that most low-pressure storm systems move across New York State?

9 Base your answers to questions 23 through 25 on the weather map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The weather map shows a typical low-pressure system and associated weather fronts labeled A and B. The L indicates the center of the low-pressure system. A few New York State cities are shown. Symbols cp and mt represent different air masses. The wind direction at Utica and Rochester is shown on the station models.

10 23. Which map shows the regions that are most likely experiencing the precipitation associated with this weather system? 24. Which front symbols are drawn correctly, based on the air masses shown? 25. If this weather system is following a normal storm track, the center of this low is most likely moving toward which city? A) Buffalo B) Ithaca C) Utica D) Plattsburgh

11 Base your answers to questions 26 through 28 on the weather map below, which shows a high-pressure center (H) and a low-pressure center (L), with two fronts extending from the low-pressure center. Points X and Y are locations on the map connected by a reference line. 26. Which type of front is located between Buffalo and Detroit? A) stationary B) warm C) occluded D) cold 27. Which cross section best represents the fronts and air movements in the lower atmosphere along line XY?

12 28. Which map best shows the most probable areas of precipitation associated with these weather systems?

13 29. In the cartoon below, the large arrows represent surface winds. What feature is found at the location to which the meteorologist is pointing? A) an anticyclone B) an area of divergence C) a low-pressure center D) a high-pressure center

14 30. A cross section of a weather front is shown below. Which symbol would be used to represent this front on a weather map? 31. Which weather map symbol represents air masses that normally form just south of the United States over the Caribbean Sea? A) cp B) ct C) mp D) mt

15 32. On which weather map do the front symbols best represent the direction of movement of the cold front and warm front associated with the low-pressure system shown on the map? 33. An air mass classified as mp usually forms over which type of Earth surface? A) warm land B) warm ocean C) cool land D) cool ocean

16 34. The map below shows a low-pressure system located over an area in the south-central United States. Base your answers to questions 37 through 39 on the weather map of North America below. The map shows the location of a front and the air mass influencing its movement. In the next few days, because of the prevailing winds, the air mass will probably move toward the A) southeast B) northeast C) southwest D) northwest 35. The weather map below shows a frontal system that has followed a typical storm track. The air mass located over point X most likely originated over the A) northern Atlantic Ocean B) central part of Canada C) Gulf of Mexico D) Pacific Northwest 36. The properties of an airmass depend mainly on the A) wind speed within the airmass B) characteristics of the surface over which the airmass was formed C) size of the airmass D) rotation of the Earth 37. The cp air mass is identified on the basis of its temperature and A) wind direction B) cloud cover C) moisture content D) windspeed 38. Which type of front and frontal movement is shown on the weather map? A) cold front moving northwestward B) cold front moving southeastward C) warm front moving northwestward D) warm front moving southeastward 39. Which region is the probable source of the air mass labeled cp on the map? A) central Canada B) southwestern United States C) North Atlantic Ocean D) Gulf of Mexico

17 40. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the position of the jet stream relative to two air masses and a low-pressure center (L) over the United States. What is the difference in the air temperature and humidity between the cp and mt air masses? A) The cp air mass is warmer and less humid. B) The cp air mass is colder and more humid. C) The mt air mass is warmer and more humid. D) The mt air mass is colder and less humid. 41. Which area is the most common source region for cold, dry air masses that move over New York State? A) North Atlantic Ocean B) Gulf of Mexico C) central Canada D) central Mexico 42. The weather map below shows two air pressure systems covering a large geographic area. Points A through D identify four locations on the map. At which location is precipitation most likely occurring? A) A B) B C) C D) D

18 43. The map below shows the average number of thunderstorms each year in the continental United States. The average number of thunderstorms that occur each year in Albany, New York is approximately A) 15 B) 25 C) 35 D) The map of North America below shows the source region of an air mass forming mostly over Mexico. This air mass originating over Mexico is classified as A) continental polar B) continental tropical C) maritime polar D) maritime tropical

19 Base your answers to questions 45 through 49 on the weather map and barogram below. The weather map shows a hurricane that was located over southern Florida. The isobars show air pressure in inches of mercury. Letter A represents a point near the west coast of Florida. The barogram shows the recorded air pressure in inches of mercury as the hurricane passed near Miami, Florida. 45. Which type of air mass would most likely be the source of the moisture that causes the strong winds and heavy rain associated with this hurricane? A) cp B) ct C) mp D) mt 46. What is the latitude and longitude at the center of the hurricane? A) 26 N 81 W B) 26 N 89 W C) 34 N 81 W D) 34 N 89 W

20 47. Which map shows the most likely track of this hurricane? 48. Which station model best represents the weather conditions at point A? 49. What was the lowest air pressure recorded on the barogram as the hurricane passed near Miami? A) in B) in C) in D) in 50. Which symbol would be used to identify an airmass originating in central Canada? A) mt B) mp C) ct D) cp 51. The winds shift from southwest to northwest as heavy rains and hail begin to fall in Albany, New York. These changes are most likely caused by the arrival of A) an mt air mass B) a ct air mass C) a cold front D) a warm front 52. Compared to a maritime tropical air mass, a continental polar air mass is A) cooler and contains less moisture B) cooler and contains more moisture C) warmer and contains less moisture D) warmer and contains more moisture

21 Base your answers to questions 53 through 55 on the weather map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map of a portion of eastern North America shows a high-pressure center (H) and a low-pressure center (L), frontal boundaries, and present weather conditions. 53. The general surface wind circulation associated with the high-pressure center (H) is most likely A) clockwise and outward B) clockwise and inward C) counterclockwise and outward D) counterclockwise and inward 54. What was the most likely source region for the air mass over Pennsylvania? A) New York State B) Pacific Ocean C) Gulf of Mexico D) Canada 55. Which weather condition is shown along the cold front? A) fog B) snow C) haze D) thunderstorms

22 56. Which map best shows the general surface wind pattern in a low-pressure system located over the eastern United States? A) 57. A map view of surface air movement in a low-pressure system is shown below. B) The air near the center of this low-pressure system usually will A) evaporate into a liquid B) reverse direction C) rise and form clouds D) squeeze together to form a high-pressure system C) D)

23 58. The weather map below shows a portion of the United States. Line AB represents a frontal boundary between two air masses. The two large arrows indicate the direction that a cp air mass is moving. Which symbol correctly represents the frontal boundary at line AB? 59. Which statement best explains why precipitation occurs at frontal boundaries? A) Cold fronts move slower than warm fronts. B) Cold fronts move faster than warm fronts. C) Warm, moist air sinks when it meets cold, dry air. D) Warm, moist air rises when it meets cold, dry air.

24 60. Which map shows the two correctly labeled air masses that frequently converge in the central plains to cause tornadoes? 61. Air masses are identified on the basis of temperature and A) type of precipitation B) wind velocity C) moisture content D) atmospheric transparency 62. Compared to a maritime tropical air mass, a maritime polar air mass has a A) higher temperature and more water vapor B) higher temperature and less water vapor C) lower temperature and more water vapor D) lower temperature and less water vapor 63. The properties of an air mass are mostly determined by the A) rate of Earth s rotation B) direction of Earth s surface winds C) source region where the air mass formed D) path the air mass follows along a land surface

25 64. The map below shows surface air temperatures, in degrees Fahrenheit, reported by weather stations in the north-central United States. Letter X represents an air mass moving in the direction shown by the arrow. A line marks a frontal boundary advancing in a southeasterly direction. Which weather-map symbols best represent air-mass X and the frontal boundary shown on the map? 65. In the Northern Hemisphere, surface winds around the center of a hurricane move A) clockwise and inward B) clockwise and outward C) counterclockwise and inward D) counterclockwise and outward

26 Base your answers to questions 66 through 69 on the weather map below, which shows a weather system that is affecting part of the United States. 66. Which diagram shows the surface air movements most likely associated with the fronts? 67. Which map best shows the areas in which precipitation is most likely occurring? [Darkened areas represent precipitation.] 68. What is the total number of different kinds of weather fronts shown on this weather map? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) Compared to the air over most of the map region, the air mass centered over Alabama is A) warmer and more humid B) warmer and drier C) colder and more humid D) colder and drier

27 70. The map below represents a section of a weather map for locations in the eastern United States. The map shows a low-pressure system, fronts, and weather stations A, B, C, and D. At which weather station are weather conditions probably most unstable? A) A B) B C) C D) D 71. What is the dewpoint when the dry-bulb temperature is 8 C and the wet-bulb temperature is 2 C? A) 28 C B) 6 C C) 3 C D) 9 C 72. Why do clouds usually form at the leading edge of a cold airmass? A) Cold air flows over warm air, causing the warm air to descend and cool. B) Cold air flows under warm air, causing the warm air to rise and cool. C) Cold air contains more dust than warm air does. D) Cold air contains more water vapor than warm air does. 73. Jet stream winds over the United States generally move from A) east to west B) west to east C) north to south D) south to north 74. Which geographic area is a common source region for cp air masses that move into New Jersey? A) southwestern United States B) central Canada C) the north Pacific Ocean D) the Gulf of Mexico 75. An air mass entering Alaska from the northern Pacific Ocean would most likely be labeled on a weather map as A) cp B) ct C) mp D) mt 76. An air mass classified as ct usually forms over which type of Earth surface? A) cool water B) cool land C) warm water D) warm land 77. If a low-pressure system follows a typical storm track across New York State, it will move toward the A) southeast B) southwest C) northeast D) northwest 78. An mp air mass is located over the northwestern part of the United States. The source region of this air mass is most likely A) central Mexico B) the Gulf of Mexico C) northern Canada D) the North Pacific Ocean 79. Which type of air mass is associated with warm, dry atmospheric conditions? A) cp B) ct C) mp D) mt 80. Which type of air mass would most likely have low humidity and high air temperature? A) ct B) cp C) mt D) mp

28 81. The map below shows a position of the polar jet stream over North America in January. Which map best shows the air-mass movements associated with this jet stream position?

29 82. The photograph below shows a spiral pattern of clouds in the Earth's atmosphere. The spiral is hundreds of miles across. Which type of weather does this photograph show? A) a cyclone B) a cold front C) a stationary front D) a high-pressure center 83. An air mass classified as mt usually forms over which type of Earth surface? A) cool land B) cool water C) warm land D) warm water 84. Most of the air in the lower troposphere at the equatorial low-pressure belt is A) warm, moist, and rising B) warm, dry, and rising C) cool, moist, and sinking D) cool, dry, and sinking

30 85. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows a low-pressure system over the central United States. Isobars are labeled in millibars. Points A, B, C, and D represent locations on Earth's surface. Which map shows the most likely path this low-pressure center will follow during the next 12 hours? A)

31 B) C) D)

32 86. The cross section below shows a weather front. The large arrow shows the direction of the movement of the cool air mass. 89. The map below shows the boundary between two air masses. The arrows show the direction in which the boundary is moving. Which type of weather front is shown? A) warm front B) cold front C) occluded front D) stationery front 87. The weather characteristics of air mass result primarily from its A) geographic origin B) size and shape C) rate of movement D) direction of movement 88. The diagram below represents a cross section of air masses and frontal surfaces along line AB. The dashed lines represent precipitation. Which weather map uses the correct weather front symbol to illustrate this information? 90. In Connecticut, dry, cool air masses (cp) often interact with moist, warm air masses (mt). Which statement correctly matches each air mass with its usual geographic source region? A) cp is from the North Atlantic Ocean and mt is from the deserts of the southwestern United States. B) cp is from northern Canada and mt is from the deserts of the southwestern United States. C) cp is from northern Canada and mt is from the Gulf of Mexico. D) cp is from the North Atlantic Ocean and mt is from the Gulf of Mexico. Which weather map best represents this frontal system?

33 91. The graph below shows changes in the atmosphere occurring above typical air-mass source regions A, B, C, and D. Changes in air temperature and altitude are shown as the graphed lines. Changes in water-vapor content, in grams of vapor per kilogram of air, are shown as numbers on each graphed line. 94. An airmass originates with its center located at 25 N and 90 W. Which list best identifies each air-mass source region? A) A ct, B cp, C mp, D mt B) A cp, B mp, C mt, D ct C) A mp, B mt, C ct, D cp D) A mt, B ct, C cp, D mp 92. The diagram below represents a cross-sectional view of airmasses associated with a low-pressure system. The cold frontal interface is moving faster than the warm frontal interface. What usually happens to the warm air that is between the two frontal surfaces? A) The warm air is forced over both frontal interfaces. B) The warm air is forced under both frontal interfaces. C) The warm air is forced over the cold frontal interface but under the warm frontal interface. D) The warm air is forced under the cold frontal interface but over the warm frontal interface. 93. On a weather map, an airmass that is very warm and dry would be labeled A) mp B) mt C) cp D) ct Based on the map, this air mass would be classified as A) cp B) mp C) ct D) mt 95. Which type of air mass most likely has high humidity and high temperature? A) cp B) ct C) mt D) mp 96. Which air mass is associated with low relative humidity and high air temperature? A) maritime polar B) maritime tropical C) continental polar D) continental tropical 97. Locations A and B on the map of North America below are source regions for air masses. Compared to the air mass formed at location B, the air mass formed at location A will normally be A) cooler and drier B) cooler and wetter C) warmer and drier D) warmer and wetter 98. In which geographic region are air masses most often warm with a high moisture content? A) Central Canada B) Central Mexico C) Gulf of Mexico D) North Pacific Ocean

34 99. Which weather instrument is used to determine wind direction? 100. The diagram below shows a cross section of a cumulus cloud. Line AB indicates the base of the cloud. Which graph best represents the temperature measured along line AB? 101. An Earth science student observed the following weather conditions in Albany, New York, for 2 days: The first day was warm and humid with southerly winds. The second day, the temperature was 15 degrees cooler, the relative humidity had decreased, and wind direction was northwest. Which type of air mass most likely had moved into the area on the second day? A) continental tropical B) continental polar C) maritime tropical D) maritime polar 102. Which abbreviation indicates a warm air mass that contains large amounts of water vapor? A) cp B) ct C) mt D) mp 103. The map below represents a section of a surface weather map showing weather stations A through D. At which weather station are the most unstable weather conditions occurring? A) A B) B C) C D) D

35 104. Cities A, B, C, and D on the weather map below are being affected by a low-pressure system (cyclone) The diagram below represents a cross section of air masses and frontal surfaces along line AB. The dashed lines represent precipitation. Which weather map best represents this frontal system? A) Which city would have the most unstable atmospheric conditions and the greatest chance of precipitation? A) A B) B C) C D) D 105. Base your answer to the following question on the map below which represents a section of a surface weather map. Letters A through F represent weather stations. B) C) D) 107. An air mass that originates over the northern Pacific Ocean and moves southward over the United States would most likely be labeled on a weather map as A) mp B) mt C) cp D) ct The warm front is moving toward the A) northeast B) northwest C) southeast D) southwest

36 108. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows the location of fronts and the temperature field on a given day in the United States. The passage of a cold front most recently influenced the weather of which two cities? A) Chicago and Boise B) Las Vegas and Salt Lake City C) Kansas City and Minneapolis D) Detroit and Cincinnati 109. A weather station model for a location in New 111. Which geographic region is the most common York State is shown below. source region for the mt air masses that move into New York State? The air mass over this location is best described as A) cold with low humidity and high air pressure B) cold with high humidity and low air pressure C) warm with high humidity and low air pressure D) warm with low humidity and high air pressure 110. Which type of air mass usually contains the most moisture? A) mt B) mp C) ct D) cp A) northern Canada B) Gulf of Mexico C) Arctic Ocean D) southwestern United States 112. As a cold front passes a New York weather station, which changes will usually be observed in barometric pressure and air temperature? A) Pressure rises and temperature falls. B) Both pressure and temperature rise. C) Both pressure and temperature fall. D) Pressure falls and temperature rises.

37 113. The satellite photograph below shows a Northern Hemisphere cloud pattern Base your answer to the following question on the image below. Locations A and B on the map of North America below are source regions for air masses. The center of this cloud pattern is most likely the center of a A) cold, dry air mass B) warm, dry air mass C) low-pressure system D) high-pressure system Compared to the air mass formed at location B, the air mass formed at location A will normally be A) cooler and drier B) cooler and wetter C) warmer and drier D) warmer and wetter