NASA JPL/NSTA Web Seminar: Robotic Exploration of the Red Planet

Transcription

1 LIVE INTERACTIVE YOUR DESKTOP NASA JPL/NSTA Web Seminar: Robotic Exploration of the Red Planet Wednesday, May 14, 2008

2 Robotic Exploration of the Red Planet Greg Mehall Arizona State University School of Earth and Space Exploration Mars Space Flight Facility Instrument System Engineer & Mission Manager Image Credit: NASA/STSci/AURA

3 Why Study Mars? Search for life Mars has water, atmosphere, sunlight - could it have life? Comparison to Earth Mars may have undergone a large change in its climate Could we learn something about climate change on Earth? Curiosity and exploration Mars has the same land area as the Earth It is a complex place - not just a point of light in the night sky Image Credit: NASA/JPL

4 How Do We Approach This Problem? What do we think all life needs? Water Look for environments where water may have existed Landforms Minerals How do we do this? Orbiters Rovers Returned samples Human exploration New ways of looking Image Credit: NASA/JPL/ASU

5 NASA Mars Science Strategy Follow the Water W A T E R Life Climate Geology When Where Form Amount Prepare for Human Exploration Image Credit: NASA/JPL

6 NASA Mars Exploration Program Past Decade Currently Operating Missions Image Credit: NASA/JPL

7 2001 Mars Odyssey Orbiter

8 2001 Mars Odyssey Spacecraft Launched April 2001 (Delta II) Started Science Mapping February km Polar Mapping Orbit (2 hour period) High Gain Antenna (HGA) Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) Sensor Head Solar Panels High Energy Neutron Detector (HEND) Neutron Spectrometer Martian Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE) Dry Mass = 376 kg (829 lbs) Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) Image Credits: NASA/JPL

9 2001 Mars Odyssey Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Lockheed Martin

10 2001 Mars Odyssey Image Credits: NASA/KSC/Lockheed Martin/Boeing

11 Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) Infrared and Visible Imaging System 10 band IR (100m/pixel) 5 band VIS (18m/pixel) Mineralogical Mapping Thermophysical Properties Atmospheric Monitoring Geomorphology Developed by Arizona State University and Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing Day/Night IR Mosaic Aram Chaos Image Credits: NASA/JPL/ASU/Raytheon SBRS

12 Gamma Ray Spectrometer Instrument Suite Gamma Ray Sensor University of Arizona Elemental Abundance Mapping High Energy Neutron Detector (HEND) Russian Space Research Institute (IKI) Hydrogen Mapping Neutron Spectrometer Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Hydrogen Mapping Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona/LANL/IKI

13 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

14 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Launched August 2005 (Atlas V) Started Mapping in November km Polar Mapping Orbit (2 hour period) Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Lockheed Martin

15 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Subsystems Dry mass = 1,031 kg (2,273 lbs) up to 6 Mbits/sec (3 meter diameter) SHARAD Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Lockheed Martin

16 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Lockheed Martin

17 MRO HiRISE Camera High Resolution Camera 30 cm/pixel 0.5 m telescope 14 focal planes (VIS/NIR) 6 km swath, 20k pixels (red) 1.2 km swath (blue/green & NIR) Developed by University of Arizona and Ball Aerospace Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona/Ball Aerospace

18 HiRISE Imagery Avalanche on North Polar Scarp Mawrth Vallis - Proposed MSL Landing Site Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona

19 Other MRO Science Instruments Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) Visible and Near IR spectrometer ~18 m/pixel & ~10 km swath km) Johns Hopkins University APL Context Imager (CTX) Visible imager: 1 band 6 m/pixel & 32 km swath (@400 km) Malin Space Science Systems Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) Visible and IR Sounder: 9 bands 5 km/pixel & 105 km FOV (@300 km) Jet Propulsion Laboratory Mars Color Imager (MARCI) Visible/NIR imager: 7 band 1-4 km/pixel & 140 swath (@400 km) Malin Space Science Systems Image Credits: NASA/JPL/JHU-APL/MSSS

20 Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Image Credit: NASA/JPL

21 Spirit (MER-A) Mars Exploration Rovers Launched: June 10, 2003 Launch Vehicle: Delta II 7925 Arrival at Mars: January 3, 2004 Landing Site: Gusev Crater Primary mission: 90 sols Current Sol: 1552 Opportunity (MER-B) Launch: July 7, 2003 Launch Vehicle: Delta II 7925-Heavy Arrival at Mars: January 24, 2004 Landing Site: Meridiani Planum Primary mission: 90 sols Current Sol: 1532 Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell

22 MER Landing Sites Image Credit: NASA/JPL/GSFC

23 Quiz Which of the spacecraft below consisted of only a lander? (use your stamp tool) Viking Pathfinder MER

24 MER Delta II Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Boeing

25 MER-A on the Pad Image Credits: NASA/KSC

26 MER-A & Fairing Encapsulation Image Credits: NASA/KSC

27 MER-A Launch (June 10, 2003) Image Credit: NASA/KSC

28 MER-A Launch Image Credits: ASU

29 MER-B Delta II 7925 Heavy Image Credit: NASA/KSC

30 MER-B Launch (July 7, 2003) Image Credit: NASA/KSC

31 Quiz How long did it take MER to get to Mars? (make your selection using the stamp tool) 1 month 5 months 7 months 9 months 2 years

32 MER Cruise Stage and Aeroshell Image Credit: NASA/KSC

33 MER Parachute and Airbags Image Credits: NASA/JPL/ARC

34 Stowed MER Lander Image Credit: NASA/JPL

35 MER on Lander Image Credit: NASA/JPL

36 Rover Solar Panels Image Credit: NASA/JPL

37 Rocker-Bogie Mobility System Image Credit: NASA/JPL

38 Fully Deployed Rover Image Credit: NASA/JPL

39 Driving Tests at KSC Image Credit: NASA/JPL

40 Rover Science Payload Pancam (pair) Navcam (pair) Pancam Mast Assembly (PMA) UHF Antenna Low Gain Antenna (LGA) High Gain Antenna (HGA) Mass = 175 lbs Solar Arrays IDD Instruments (APXS, MB, MI, RAT) Instrument Deployment Device (IDD) Rover Warm Electronics Box (WEB) Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell

41 Rover Trenching and IDD Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell

42 Microscopic Image of Soil Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell

43 Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell

44 Spirit Traverse: Sol 1506 (7.5 km) Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Cornell/MSSS/OSU

45 Spirit Landing Site Panorama Columbia Hills Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell

46 Columbia Hills West Spur Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell

47 Sol 329 Dusty Deck Pan Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell

48 Sol 432 Clean Deck Pan Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell

49 Dust Devils - Martian Vacuum Cleaners Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Cornell

50 Opportunity Traverse: Sol 1487 (11.7 km) Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Cornell/MSSS/Univ. of Arizona/OSU

51 Opportunity Panorama Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell

52 Making Tracks Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell

53 Victoria Crater MRO HiRISE Orbital Image Opportunity Opportunity Surface Image Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Cornell/Univ. of Arizona

54 NASA Mars Exploration Program Next Decade 2020 TBD mission based on budget and science feed-forward TBD mission MSR Element #1 TBD mission MSR Element #2 Sample Receiving Facility online by 2022 Image Credit: NASA/JPL

55 Phoenix Mars Lander

56 Phoenix Mars Lander Launched August 2007 (Delta II) Landing on May 25, 2008 at 4:36 PM PDT 90 Sol Primary Surface Mission Dry mass = 350 kg Science Objectives: - Study the History of Water in All its Phases - Search for Evidence of Habitable Zone and Assess the Biological Potential of the Ice-Soil Boundary Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona

57 Phoenix Landing Site (68 N lat, 233 E lon) MRO MARCI Image MRO HiRISE Image of Polygonal Terrain (68.3 N, E) 100km x 20km landing ellipse 250m x 250m Image Credits: NASA/JPL/MSSS/Univ. of Arizona MRO CTX Image (68 N, 127 W)

58 Phoenix Lander Science Configuration Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona

59 Phoenix Spacecraft Built by Lockheed Martin Space Systems Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Lockheed Martin

60 Phoenix Science Instruments Surface Stereo Imager (SSI) Visible and Near IR imager 12 spectral filters 1024x1024 CCD Univ. of Arizona Robotic Arm (RA) 2.35m long, 0.5m deep trench Jet Propulsion Laboratory Robotic Arm Camera (RAC) Visible color imager, RGB lamps 23 µm/pixel Univ. of Arizona & Max Planck Institute Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) Mass Spectrometer (10 ppb), 8 cells 1000 C Furnace Univ. of Arizona & Univ. of Texas Meteorological Station (MET) Light detection & ranging (LIDAR) MET mast: Pressure and Temp. Canadian Space Agency Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer (MECA) Wet chemistry lab (4 cells) Optical & atomic force microscopes, 4 µm/pixel, 69 substrates Thermal & electrical conduct. probe Jet Propulsion Laboratory Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Visible imager, 1024x1024 CCD 66 FOV Won t be used due to I/F issue Malin Space Science Systems Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona/MSSS

61 Phoenix Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL) EDL: 7 minutes of Terror Movie Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona/Lockheed Martin

62 Mars Science Laboratory

63 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Launches September 2009 (Atlas V) Lands Summer Mars Year Primary Surface Mission (687 Earth days) Dry mass = 850 kg Science Goals: - Determine whether life ever arose on Mars - Characterize the climate of Mars - Characterize the geology of Mars - Prepare for human exploration Image Credit: NASA/JPL

64 Mars Science Laboratory Image Credits: NASA/JPL

65 MSL Science Instruments Cameras: Mast Camera (MastCam) Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Spectrometers: Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) Chemistry & Camera (ChemCam) Chemistry & Mineralogy X-Ray Diffraction/X-Ray Fluorescence Instrument (CheMin) Sample Analysis at Mars Instrument Suite with Gas Chromatograph, Mass Spectrometer, and Tunable Laser Spectrometer (SAM) Radiation Detectors: Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) Environmental Sensors: Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS)

66 More exciting discoveries to come Thank You Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell

67 Thanks to our presenter Greg Mehall and to NASA JPL and Arizona State University for sponsoring this program

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70 National Science Teachers Association Gerry Wheeler, Executive Director Frank Owens, Associate Executive Director Conferences and Programs Al Byers, Assistant Executive Director e-learning NSTA Web Seminars Flavio Mendez, Director Jeff Layman, Technical Coordinator LIVE INTERACTIVE YOUR DESKTOP