GEOLOGIC MAPPING AS A GUIDE TO ROVER MISSION PLANNING ON MARS

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1 GEOLOGIC MAPPING AS A GUIDE TO ROVER MISSION PLANNING ON MARS Irwin and Grant, 2013 John A. Grant Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC

2 NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell Univ./Arizona State Univ. NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS Geologic Mapping provides a framework for proposal of testable hypotheses and defining regions of scientific interest that serve as a guide to rover mission planning Mapping establishes where to go, how to get there, and provides context for interpretations necessary for achieving mission objectives Mapping plays a critical role before, during, and after missions

3 Rover Operations Take Advantage of a Variety of Map Products: Maps Supporting Science Regional geologic and geomorphic maps, nested local maps of structure, secondary and diagenetic features, exploration targets Maps Supporting Engineering Location, relief, and traversability maps NASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS

4 Mapping of Candidate MSL Landing Sites: Providing a Template for Discussion and Setting the Stage for Exploration Irwin and Grant 2013 Anderson and Bell 2010 Rice et al 2013 Eberswalde Crater Bleamaster et al 2012 Loizeau et al 2010 Gale Crater Holden Crater Mawrth Vallis Provide Context, Catalog Value and Juxtaposition of Science Targets

5 Geologic Mapping in Gale Crater: Guiding Curiosity to High Priority Science Targets where Mission Objectives are Achievable Original Map by Science Team Compiled by Core Team Familiarized Team With Geology Provided Direction After Landing Contributed to Decision to Traverse to Yellowknife Bay Continues to be Updated, Guide Rover, Provide Context Version is updated from pre-landing original map and that shown in Grotzinger et al. (2014) when Curiosity was at YKB

6 Iterative Mapping at Multiple Scales to Optimize Sampling and Develop Mature Interpretations: Updated from Grotzinger et al Grotzinger et al HiRISE Inset: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona; Mastcam: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS. ChemCam RMI Images: NASA/JPL-Caltech/LANL/CNES/IRAP/LPGN/CNRS NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona

7 Geologic Mapping as an Advance Scout: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona Hematite Ridge Orbital Mapping Combined with Rover Imaging from the Surface Identifies Candidate Science Targets for Future Exploration NASA/JPL-Caltech NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona/JHUAPL Updated regularization technique of CRISM ATO data regularized to 12 m/pixel developed by Ray Arvidson and Abby Fraeman, Figure provided by Abby Fraeman and Ray Arvidson

8 Localization, Topography, Hazards, and Traverseability: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona Topography Localization NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona Terrain Mapping NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona Advance Orbital Mapping Plus Rover Ground Truth Establish Safe Routes to Science Targets (Updated Daily) Route Planning

9 Geologic Mapping at Meridiani Planum: Opportunity is currently studying smectite clay occurrences in Marathon Valley on the western rim of Endeavour crater Grant et al Arvidson et al Regional geologic maps based on a variety of orbital data guide the rover to outcrops where mission objectives can be achieved Map derived using updated regularization technique of the CRISM ATO developed by Ray Arvidson. Data are regularized to 12 m/pixel. Figure provided by Valerie Fox and Ray Arvidson Grant et al. 2014

10 Crumpler et al Rover Scale Mapping at Meridiani Planum: Grant et al Grant et al Local scale, rover-based map products establish stratigraphy and can be placed in context using regional maps and enables interpretation of both local geology and geology in locations not visited by the rover Grant et al Crumpler et al. 2014

11 Localization, Topography, Hazards, and Traverseability: Parker et al The rover can become embedded when crossing some ripples. These larger purgatoids can be recognized from orbit and avoided via careful localization Arvidson et al Endeavour Traverse in Meridiani Arvidson et al Arvidson et al. 2011

12 Mapping Continues to Play an Important Role in Post-Mission Interpretations: Map of Home Plate, Gusev Crater Comanche Carbonate Outcrop Morris, Ruff et al Opaline Silica Nodular Outcrop Crumpler et al Geologic mapping provides important context for interpreting outcrop data after the Mission Pancam from Sol 778, Approx 90 cm across Ruff 2015

13 Mapping is a Critical Component of Mission Success: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell Univ./Arizona State Univ. NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS Mapping supports both science and engineering aspects of mission planning and operations, occurs at a variety of scales using a wide range of data sets Geologic mapping in advance of landing provides a framework for proposal of testable hypotheses and defining regions of scientific interest that assist in evaluation of merits Mapping continues to be a critical component of daily operations for both science and engineering and establishes where to go, how to get there, and provides context for interpretations necessary for achieving mission objectives Mapping provides a framework for data interpretation after a mission ends