Aeromaneuvering/Entry, Descent, Landing

Transcription

1 Aeromaneuvering/Entry, Descent, Landing Aeromaneuvering Case study: Mars EDL Case study: Mars Exploration Rovers Case study: Mars Science Laboratory U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 2012 David L. Akin - All rights reserved 1

2 Aeromaneuvering Using atmospheric flight forces to affect orbit changes while minimizing propellents Aerocapture - decelerating into planetary orbit from a single pass Aerobraking - lowering apoapsis by atmospheric passes (single or multiple) Aeromaneuvering - using aerodynamic forces (e.g., li ) to perform advanced maneuvers such as plane change U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 2

3 MARYLAND 3

4 MARYLAND 4

5 MARYLAND 5

6 Atmospheric Thermal Profiles from Justus and Braun, Atmospheric Environments for, 5th International Planetary Probes Workshop, August 2006 U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 6

7 Atmospheric Density Profiles from Justus and Braun, Atmospheric Environments for, 5th International Planetary Probes Workshop, August 2006 U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 7

8 MARYLAND 8

9 MARYLAND 9

10 MARYLAND 10

11 MARYLAND 11

12 MARYLAND 12

13 MARYLAND 13

14 MARYLAND 14

15 MARYLAND 15

16 MARYLAND 16

17 MARYLAND 17

18 MARYLAND 18

19 Viking Parachute Configuration Disk-Gap-Band (DGB) or bandgap parachute Deployed at Mach 2 Had to have sufficient deceleration to allow jettison of heat shield and dropping of lander from aeroshell from Cruz and Lingard, Aerodynamic Decelerators for Planetary Exploration: Past, Present, and Future, AIAA , AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, August 2006 U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 19

20 Viking Chute Drag Coefficient Model from Cruz and Lingard, Aerodynamic Decelerators for Planetary Exploration: Past, Present, and Future, AIAA , AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, August 2006 U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 20

21 Terminal Velocity Full form of ODE - d v 2 d h s sin v2 = 2gh s At terminal velocity, v = constant v T h s sin v2 T = 2gh s v T = s 2g sin U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 21

22 Viking Terminal Velocity Under Chute = m c D A = 930 kg kg 0.62 = (16.15 m)2 m 2 v T = s 2g sin = s 2(3.711 m/s 2 )(7.322 kg/m 2 )sin( 30 o ) 0.02 kg/m 3 = 36.9 m sec crit = oh s sin = 0.02 kg/m3 (10, 800 m) sin ( 30 o ) = 432 kg m 2 U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 22

23 Rigid and Inflatable Aeroshell vs. Chute U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 23

24 MARYLAND 24

25 MARYLAND 25

26 MARYLAND 26

27 MARYLAND 27

28 MARYLAND 28

29 MARYLAND 29

30 MARYLAND 30

31 Viking Panoramas (1976) U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 31

32 Mars Pathfinder Rover ( Sojourner ) U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 32

33 Mars Exploration Rover U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 33

34 Opportunity Landing Targeting U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 34

35 Sometimes the Bounces Go Your Way... U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 35

36 ...Opportunity Scores a Hole in One U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 36

37 Spirit Lands in Gusev Crater U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 37

38 Odyssey Finds its Heat Shield... U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 38

39 Mars Phoenix Lander Touchdown U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 39