Particle fluxes from thunderclouds and Lightning initiation: Applied aspects of CR research. Ashot Chilingarian Yerevan Physics Institute

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1 Particle fluxes from thunderclouds and Lightning initiation: Applied aspects of CR research Ashot Chilingarian Yerevan Physics Institute

2 Oganesson is a transactinide chemical element with symbol Og and atomic number 118.

3 Aragats Cosmic Ray research center, Armenia, 3200 m above sea level, established in years of continuous Cosmic Ray detection!.

4 First expedition to Aragats in 1942: Investigating of the Attenuation of Cosmic Rays in Water A.Chilingarian, R. Mirzoyan and M. Zazyan, Cosmic Ray research in Armenia, Advances in Space Research 44 (2009)

5 We measure Secondary Cosmic Rays products of particle interactions with terrestrial atmosphere!

6 Particle detectors located in MAKET experimental hall on Aragats 3200 m above sea level 6

7 We continuously measure time-series of particle fluxes and their coincidences. Peaks in time series are the periods of enhanced fluxes Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements TGEs. ASNT detector data prove the Near-Vertical flux of electrons and gamma rays

8 Neutron Detection during thunderstorms: photonuclear reaction in the atmosphere and in the lead: ArNM and SEVAN evidence

9 No lightning no Weather 9

10 Thunderstorm observation: origin of lightning flashes and high energy particle bursts. Is it correlation only or causal relation? STAND1 network EFM100 EFM100

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13 Differen al Energy Spectra of TGE apruptly terminated by lightning Lightning at 13:54

14 Only small fraction of RB/RREA become TGE, but many random emerging radiating regions in the cloud give raise to ionization and open path to the lightning leaders! 14

15 Climate change, cosmic rays and lightning flashes Thunderclouds are full of water and also with radiation! Water vapor is the fuel for thunderstorms, so if we have more of this water vapor lying around because the Earth is warmer, when a storm goes, it's going to to drive more lightning flashes; Lightning will strike far more frequently in a world under climate change but researchers can still not predict exactly where or when those strikes will occur; The increase of lightning flashes would lead to a higher number of wildfires and threatening lives and property.

16 Applied aspect of Cosmic Ray research

17 Space Environmental Viewing and Analysis Network (SEVAN) A network of middle to low latitude particle detectors called SEVAN (Space Environmental Viewing and Analysis Network) is planned in the framework of the International Heliophysical Year (IHY), to improve fundamental research of the Solar accelerators and Space Weather conditions.

18 For reliable forecasting and developing realistic models of climate change we need monitoring of Geophysical and Meteorological parameters on the large time and geographic scales underground, on the earth surface, in atmosphere and beyond.

19 Conceptual representation of the end-of-storm oscillation (EOSO) scenario. Boxes in the five upper panels are approximately 6 km in altitude ( km) and 10 km in horizontal dimension (Gamma EFM-100 and NaI spectrometer N 2). Groupel fall during negative field. EOSO

20 Volcanoes, lightning flashes and Cosmic Rays

21 Muography principle is the same as for radiography: the measurement of the absorption of a radiation through a target will give access to its transmittance image and its integrated density. The muon on the Soufrière Hills volcano in Montserrat, an island near Guadeloupe.

22 View of the Showa-Shinzan lava dome. Bottom: average density distribution Muon tomography applied to

23 Muon muon scattering radiography for Fukushima is installed inside a concrete radiation shield in front of the reactor building. Typical muon scattering angles are a few degrees (also used to scan trailers and shipping containers for special nuclear material).

24 Nor Amberd Summer school (2014): Lecturers: A.Chilingarian, J. Knapp, R.Mirzoyan and H. Gemmeke in Nor Amberd