above the land to be warmer, causing convection currents because of the difference in air pressure.

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1 Name Date Period Earth Science Unit Test Review Sheet Directions: Use my web site and/or your lab book to help to answer the following questions. 1. What type of weather does a low pressure system bring? Some type of precipitation. 2. What type of weather does a high pressure system bring? Fair, clear skies. Usually sunny weather 3. What type of weather does a stationary front bring? Some type of precipitation for several days. 4. What type of weather does a cold front bring? Thunderstorms, stormy weather. 5. What type of weather does a warm front bring? Some type of light precipitation, drizzle. 6. What are the two different reasons why the Earth is heated unevenly? a. The equator receives direct rays from the sun making it warmer there. While the North and South Poles receive indirect rays, making it colder there. b. The land heats up faster than the water. This cause the air above the land to be warmer, causing convection currents because of the difference in air pressure.

2 7. What are two greenhouse gases? a. Carbon Dioxide b. water vapor 8. What are the three things that effect air pressure? a. Humidity- As humidity increases, air pressure decreases. b. Temperature- As the temp. increases, air pressure decreases. c. Altitude- As the altitude increases, air pressure decreases. 9. What is humidity? Humidity is the amount of moisture in the air. High humidity means that there is a lot of moisture in the air. 10. What is altitude? The height or point above sea level. 11. Where does our drinking water on Long Island come from? An aquifer, which is is located underground. 12. What are two examples of precipitation? rain, snow, sleet and hail 13. What is the process of a liquid turning into a gas? evaporation 14. What is the process of a gas turning into a liquid? condensation 15. What is the smallest but most violent storm? a tornado. 16. What layer of the atmosphere does weather mainly occur?troposphere 17. What gas is the most abundant in our atmosphere? nitrogen 18. What is the direct transfer of heat from one object to another called? conduction 19. What type of heat transfer occurred if you got a sunburn? radiation

3 20. What type of heat transfer causes warm air to rise and cool air to sink? convection 21. What is global warming? The increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuels. This increase is causing the Earth s overall temperature to increase. 22. How is acid rain made? When fossil fuels are burned pollution enters our air and mixes with the water vapor in our atmosphere. it comes back down to Earth as acid rain. 23. What makes the sound of thunder? Lightning heating the air. 23a. Are hurricanes created over water or land? Explain. Hurricanes begin over warm waters. It is the warm waters that they get their energy from. 24. Whhich part of the hurricane is the weakest? the eye 24a. Why is it easier to stay safe during a hurricane rather than a tornado?there is usually advance warning of an approaching hurricane. Tornadoes are very hard to predict that one is coming. 25. What are the winds called that mainly blow over the United States? Prevailing Westerlies 26. What does a meteorologist do?study and predict the weather.

4 27. What instrument would you use to measure the following? air pressure barometer relative humidity psychrometer temperature thermometer wind speed anemometer wind direction wind vane 28. If on Monday the dry bulb reading was 13 degrees Celsius and the wet bulb reading was 10 degrees Celsius what would the relative humidity be? 69% 29. If on Tuesday the dry bulb reading was 15 degrees Celsius and the wet bulb reading was 13 degrees Celsius what would the relative humidity be? 81% 30. Which day would have a better chance of raining? On Tuesday because the relative humidity is higher. 31. How would you prepare for a hurricane? If the hurricane is very strong the best thing to do is evacuate your home. You can board up your windows, and have a hurricane supply kit, such as a radio, batteries, can food, etc. 32. How would you prepare for a tornado? Since tornadoes strike usually without much warning, the best place to hide is in a basement. 33. Where should you go in a thunderstorm? indoors 34. What part of the Earth receives direct rays from the sun? The equator 35. What is the Beaufort wind scale?a scale classifying wind strength in terms of observable effects both on the sea and over land 36. What s the difference between global winds and local winds? Global winds blow over the entire Earth traveling long distances. Local winds cover shorter distances. Ex. land and sea breezes.

5 37. What are the three major fossil fuels? coal, oil, and natural gas. 38. What does acid rain do to lake water? It changes the ph value of the lake making it more acidic and very difficult for the organism to live. 39. Why should we be concerned with global warming? Global warming can lead to the polar ice caps melting and major flooding. The increase in temperatures will negatively effect the environment. 40. What is causing global warming? Burning fossil fuels causes additional carbon dioxide to enter the atmosphere 41. What is the symbol for each type of weather system? cold front warm front stationary front high pressure H low pressure L 42. What cardinal direction does the weather in the US travel from? West to East 43. What are the two characteristics air masses are described by? Temperature and moisture content. 44. The difference between weather and climate? Weather is the daily condition of the earth s atmosphere. Climate is the type of weather in an area for a long period of time.

6 45. What happens to water when it cools? It expands. 46. At what temperature in Celsius does: water freeze? 0 degrees boil? 100 degrees room temperature? 22 degrees 47. Don t worry about 48. Don t worry about. 49. What do the following instruments measure? Barometer air pressure Thermometer temperature Psychrometer relative humidity Wind Vane wind direction Anemometer wind speed Rain gauge amount of rain fall 50. What do the following terms mean? transpiration - water evaporating from plants evaporation - as water is heated is turns into a gas, water vapor and rises. precipitation- water coming back down to earth as rain, snow sleet or hail. 51. What is the major cause of weather?the uneven heating of the Earth surface 52. What are the four major wind belts and where they are located? Prevailing Westerlies found in the US Polar Easterlies found at the north and south poles Trade winds found at close to the equator Doldrums found at the equator On this test there will also be an scientific method experiment. Remember to review the parts of the scientific method.

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