Anatoly Petrukhin & Rostislav Kokoulin for Russian-Italian DECOR Collaboration
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1 Muon Diagnostics of near-terrestrial space Anatoly Petrukhin & Rostislav Kokoulin for Russian-Italian DECOR Collaboration National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Scientific & Educational Centre NEVOD (Moscow, Russia) Dipartimento di Fisica Generale dell Università di Torino (Torino, Italy) Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario INAF (Torino, Italy) Contents 1. Muon diagnostics and muon hodoscopes. 2. Muon diagnostics of heliosphere. 3. Muon diagnostics of atmosphere.
2 Muon diagnostics and muon hodoscopes
3 Main idea of muon diagnostics Muons are the secondary component of cosmic rays generated by primary cosmic rays in the atmosphere. Therefore variations of muon flux depend on primary flux changes and conditions in the atmosphere. Muon diagnostics is solution of the inverse task study of dynamic processes in the atmosphere and in the near-earth space using cosmic ray muon variation data.
4 Cosmic rays in the atmosphere p
5 What is muon hodoscope? Setup which can detect cosmic ray muons from any direction of upper hemisphere in real time mode with sufficient angular resolution.
6 Muon Hodoscope URAGAN Total area 45 m 2 (~ 6000 µ / s). Readout system channels (resolution: spatial 1 cm, angular 1º). This setup is constructed from Italian streamer tube chambers, which were used previously in the NUSEX detector.
7 One-minute data matrix 2D-muon intensity matrix: 1-minute exposure angular matrix 90x90 cells statistical errors ~0.1 % (for 10-minute bin) Data processing: averaging normalizing f µ ( θ, φ ) = N ( θ, φ) < N ( θ, φ ) > µ µ < N ( θ, φ ) > µ Fourier filtering of noise
8 2D-dynamics of muon flux with the normal conditions
9 Muon diagnostics of heliospheric processes
10 Cosmic rays in the heliosphere Sun Earth
11 Detection of Solar flare of 06 July 2006
12 Satellite data about magnetic field 8-11 July 2006 Plasma cloud from Solar flare on 6 July 2006 was observed by GOES on 9 July about 21:00
13 Muon and neutron data in the surface detectors 1.04 ИЗМИРАН, отн. ед. УРАГАН, отн. ед /07 08/07 10/07 12/07 14/07
14 The filming of celestial hemisphere in muon light by means of two muon hodoscopes Thus, the plasma cloud in muon flux was observed: - firstly ~ 40 hours before - secondary ~ 20 hours before its arrival to near-terrestrial region (the orbit of the GOES satellite).
15 Detection of Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)
16 Muon scanning of the sky in GSE system ACE detected the event at 18h Nov 19, 2007 The CME was detected ~ 15 hours before the ACE satellite.
17 Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) in muon light
18 Detection of GLE of T, C
19 ДЕКОР-2 Старт: :48:00.003, Р= mbar December 13, :48 UT
20 ДЕКОР-2 Старт: :50:00.004, Р= mbar December 13, :50 UT
21 ДЕКОР-2 Старт: :52:00.000, Р= mbar December 13, :52 UT
22 ДЕКОР-2 Старт: :54:00.001, Р= mbar December 13, :54 UT
23 ДЕКОР-2 Старт: :56:00.003, Р= mbar December 13, :56 UT
24 ДЕКОР-2 Старт: :58:00.004, Р= mbar December 13, :58 UT
25 ДЕКОР-2 Старт: :00:00.005, Р= mbar December 13, :00 UT
26 ДЕКОР-2 Старт: :02:00.006, Р= mbar December 13, :02 UT
27 ДЕКОР-2 Старт: :04:00.002, Р= mbar December 13, :04 UT
28 ДЕКОР-2 Старт: :06:00.003, Р= mbar December 13, :06 UT
29 ДЕКОР-2 Старт: :08:00.004, Р= mbar December 13, :08 UT
30 ДЕКОР-2 Старт: :10:00.011, Р= mbar December 13, :10 UT
31 ДЕКОР-2 Старт: :12:00.007, Р= mbar December 13, :12 UT
32 ДЕКОР-2 Старт: :14:00.008, Р= mbar December 13, :14 UT
33 Muon diagnostics of atmospheric processes
34 Thunderstorm in Moscow on May 13, 2007
35 Muon monitoring of atmosphere above Moscow during thunderstorm May 13, :59
36 Muon monitoring of atmosphere above Moscow during thunderstorm May 13, :04
37 Muon monitoring of atmosphere above Moscow during thunderstorm May 13, :09
38 Muon monitoring of atmosphere above Moscow during thunderstorm May 13, :14
39 Muon monitoring of atmosphere above Moscow during thunderstorm May 13, :19
40 Muon monitoring of atmosphere above Moscow during thunderstorm May 13, :24
41 Muon monitoring of atmosphere above Moscow during thunderstorm May 13, :29
42 Muon monitoring of atmosphere above Moscow during thunderstorm May 13, :34
43 Long-distance thunderstorm detection
44 Thunderstorms and wave processes
45 Atmospheric front approached the Moscow region 26/06/05 08:00
46 26/06/05 12:00
47 Wave process from hurricane in Dubna 26 June 2005 appears in muon flux 3 hours earlier
48 Distance from Dubna to MEPHI ~ 140 km, however: 1. Detector registered azimuthally asymmetry of muon flux in the direction hurricane. 2. Wavelet analysis revealed wave process in the atmosphere, which began ~ 3 h before the hurricane in Dubna.
49 Detection of atmospheric processes in on-line regime
50 Snowfall in Moscow on 7 December 2009 This snowfall was not predicted meteorological agencies
51 Results of wavelet analysis of muon flux The power spectrum of wavelet coefficient for 3 h period. The beginning of wave process was observed about 20 h before the snowfall.
52 Thunderstorm in Moscow on 13 June 2010
53 Results of wavelet analysis of muon flux The power spectrum of wavelet coefficient for 1 h period. The beginning of wave process was observed about 3 h before the thunderstorm.
54
55 Possible applications of muon diagnostics Potential customers of muon hodoscopes can be: - big cities; - airports; - various potentially dangerous objects, destruction of which can give catastrophic consequences. As a final goal the construction of world-wide wide net of muon hodoscopes for global monitoring of the Earth atmosphere and near-terrestrial space can be considered (similar to the net of neutron monitors for cosmic ray investigations).
56 World-wide net of neutron monitors
57 Thank you for the attention!
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