The Solar Wind Space physics 7,5hp
|
|
- Veronica Norman
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Solar Wind Space physics 7,5hp Teknisk fysik '07 1
2 Contents History... 3 Introduction... 3 Two types of solar winds... 4 Effects of the solar wind... 5 Magnetospheres... 5 Atmospheres... 6 Solar storms... 6 References
3 History The interest in an explanation on how the geomagnetic field could undergo large and rapid variations began as early as 1722, when an English scientist Graham invented a compass sensitive enough to react to these variations. In the 1740's Swedish scientists Celsius and Hiorter noted that when aurorae lit up the sky, there was disturbances in Grahams compass needle. Together with Graham, Celsius and Hiorter determined that these disturbances were not caused by local phenomena. But, the explanation came to linger for another 100 years before the connection to the solar winds could be made. In the early 1800's an amateur astronomer in Germany, S. Heinrich Schwabe began observing the sun, and making counts of sunspots. His later discovery of the decennial sunspot cycle, and it's reflection in terrestrial magnetism, was the very start of what we today call the Solar- Terrestrial physics. In 1859 an English astronomer, R. C. Carrington, observed a solar flare while studying sunspots. He compared his observations with the magnetic records from Key Observatory in London, and noted a short lived, but definite disturbance at the time of the flare. The connection had been made, but were of many others deflected as chance coincidence. Not until 1871, when an Italian astronomer Secchi, observed that solar eruptions occasionally displayed velocities equal to or greater than the escape velocity of the sun, came the idea that the origin of the magnetic storms was a result from solar disturbances propagating towards earth as a cloud of charged particles. The idea was not officially accepted as of then, but from then on undisputable proof began to gather. [1] Introduction The solar wind is a continuous stream of charged particles flowing from the sun, travelling at the speed of about 450 km/s. It takes about four days for the wind to reach the earth's magnetic field (see Figure 1). This region is referred to as the magnetosphere. [2] In the past the solar winds did not affect us directly, but lately as we've become more and more dependent on technology, we begin to see the effects in blackouts and broken technological equipment. The sun is consisting of hot gas shaped by magnetic fields, which also create bright spots on the sun's surface. Using a device called "Hinode's Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer" (EIS) it is possible to measure the speed at which material flows out from the sun. By doing this scientists have discovered that at the edges of the bright spots on the sun, hot gas spurts out into space. The magnetic fields links the different regions on the sun together. When the magnetic fields from two regions collide they allow hot gas to escape, which becomes the solar winds. [3] The solar winds varies routinely over a 27-day period connected to the rotation of the sun, as a result of eruptions in the corona. [4] 3
4 l Figure 1: The solar winds travelling towards earth's magnetic field. [7] Two types of solar winds The solar winds can have low or high speeds. The fast solar wind (the high speed wind) is moving at a pace of 750 km/s and has a temperature of about K, while the slow solar winds move at a speed of 400 km/s with a temperature of K. The slow solar wind is twice as dense, has a more complex structure, and vary more in intensity than the fast solar winds. The slow solar winds originate from the "streamer belt" stretching around the sun's equatorial belt. The slow winds occur between latitudes of degrees during the solar minimum (the time at which the solar activity is at its lowest), and then expand to the poles as the solar activity moves towards its maximum. The fast solar winds originate from coronal holes, which are more frequent at the suns magnetic poles. These coronal holes are regions of open field lines. The plasma is at first confined in convection cells (areas where different temperatures and/or pressure create density variations in the plasma) in the solar atmosphere. The plasma is then released into narrow necks of coronal hole streams into the photosphere (see figure 2), which give rise to high plasma velocities. [5] [6] 4
5 Figure 2: An overview of the layers of the sun. [8] Effects of the solar wind The sun's rotation rate has decreased significantly over the lifetime of the sun due to loss of mass from escaping solar winds, but the solar winds do not affect only the sun. Magnetospheres When the solar wind approaches a planet with a strong magnetic field, the particles in the plasma are deflected in the magnetosphere due to the Lorentz force. It causes the particles not to hit the atmosphere of the planet directly, but rather be transported around it. However, a small number of particles are able to pass through to earth's upper atmosphere due to the Van Allen radiation belt (a torus of plasma around the earth which is compressed on the sunward side of the earth due to the solar winds, see Figure 3). When these particles hit the upper atmosphere of the earth, they fluoresce and create an aurora. [6] [7] 5
6 Figure 3: An illustration of the Van Allen radiation belts. It is not uniformly formed in reality though, because of a compression on the sunward side from the solar winds. [9] Atmospheres Without the magnetic field to protect the Earth, our atmosphere would be stripped by the solar wind. It is believed that atmospheric stripping is gas being trapped in magnetic field "bubbles", which are then ripped off by solar winds. Mars (which barely has a magnetic field in comparison with the Earth), is located four times the distance away from the sun compared to the Earth, and yet it has only 1/100th of the atmosphere due to the solar wind stripping of the atmosphere. [6] Solar storms Solar storms, or interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are fast-moving outbursts of plasma from the sun (see figure 4). These are often caused by release of magnetic energy from the sun. Due to their high velocities ICMEs cause shock waves in the thin plasma of the heliosphere. These shock waves launches electromagnetic waves, and accelerates charged particles towards the earth. When they hit the magnetosphere, it temporarily deforms Earth's magnetic field, causing a large counter induced ground current in the earth and changes the direction of compass needles. This is called a geomagnetic storm. [6] These geomagnetic storms can damage satellites and disrupt electrical power systems and communications. [3] 6
7 Figure 4: A large coronal mass ejection. This is a classical representation of its shape. [10] References [1] E.W. Cliver " Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 75, No. 49" December 6, 1994, Pages 569, [2] National Maritime Museum " Solar weather" [3] Eurpoean Space Agency " Source of the slow solar wind" [4] NASA " Solar Wind" [5] Wikipedia "Convection cell" [6] Wikipedia "Solar Wind" [7] Wikipedia "Van Allen radiation belt" 7
8 Pictures [7] NASA Figure 1: [8] NASA Figure 2: [9] Wikipedia Figure 3: [10] SOHO - Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Figure 4: 8
The Magnetic Sun. CESAR s Booklet
The Magnetic Sun CESAR s Booklet 1 Introduction to planetary magnetospheres and the interplanetary medium Most of the planets in our Solar system are enclosed by huge magnetic structures, named magnetospheres
More informationChapter 8 Geospace 1
Chapter 8 Geospace 1 Previously Sources of the Earth's magnetic field. 2 Content Basic concepts The Sun and solar wind Near-Earth space About other planets 3 Basic concepts 4 Plasma The molecules of an
More informationIntroduction to Space Weather
Introduction to Space Weather We may have been taught that there is a friendly, peaceful nonhostile relationship between the Sun and the Earth and that the Sun provides a constant stream of energy and
More informationEarth s Magnetic Field
Magnetosphere Earth s Magnetic Field The Earth acts much like a bar magnet: its magnetic field deflects compasses on the Earth s surface to point northwards. Magnetic field lines North Pole S N South Pole
More informationThe Sun sends the Earth:
The Sun sends the Earth: Solar Radiation - peak wavelength.visible light - Travels at the speed of light..takes 8 minutes to reach Earth Solar Wind, Solar flares, and Coronal Mass Ejections of Plasma (ionized
More information8.2 The Sun pg Stars emit electromagnetic radiation, which travels at the speed of light.
8.2 The Sun pg. 309 Key Concepts: 1. Careful observation of the night sky can offer clues about the motion of celestial objects. 2. Celestial objects in the Solar System have unique properties. 3. Some
More informationCESAR BOOKLET General Understanding of the Sun: Magnetic field, Structure and Sunspot cycle
CESAR BOOKLET General Understanding of the Sun: Magnetic field, Structure and Sunspot cycle 1 Table of contents Introduction to planetary magnetospheres and the interplanetary medium... 3 A short introduction
More informationSolar Activity The Solar Wind
Solar Activity The Solar Wind The solar wind is a flow of particles away from the Sun. They pass Earth at speeds from 400 to 500 km/s. This wind sometimes gusts up to 1000 km/s. Leaves Sun at highest speeds
More informationGeomagnetic storms. Measurement and forecasting
Geomagnetic storms. Measurement and forecasting Anna Gustavsson 17 October 2006 Project of the Space Physics Course 2006 Umeå University 1 Introduction Effects of magnetic storms on technology Geomagnetic
More informationThe Interior Structure of the Sun
The Interior Structure of the Sun Data for one of many model calculations of the Sun center Temperature 1.57 10 7 K Pressure 2.34 10 16 N m -2 Density 1.53 10 5 kg m -3 Hydrogen 0.3397 Helium 0.6405 The
More informationTHE SOLAR WIND & SOLAR VARIABILITY
The Sun-Earth System: CONTENTS AN OVERVIEW The Stars Around Us 1 Our Dependence on the Sun 3 The Sun s Inconstancy 3 Intruders from Afar 5 What Gets By 5 Voyages of Discovery in an Age of Exploration 6
More informationSolar-terrestrial relation and space weather. Mateja Dumbović Hvar Observatory, University of Zagreb Croatia
Solar-terrestrial relation and space weather Mateja Dumbović Hvar Observatory, University of Zagreb Croatia Planets Comets Solar wind Interplanetary magnetic field Cosmic rays Satellites Astronauts HELIOSPHERE
More informationThe Sun as Our Star. Properties of the Sun. Solar Composition. Last class we talked about how the Sun compares to other stars in the sky
The Sun as Our Star Last class we talked about how the Sun compares to other stars in the sky Today's lecture will concentrate on the different layers of the Sun's interior and its atmosphere We will also
More informationGeomagnetic Disturbance Report Reeve Observatory
Event type: Various geomagnetic disturbances including coronal hole high-speed stream, coronal mass ejection, sudden impulse and reverse shock effects Background: This background section defines the various
More informationAstronomy Chapter 12 Review
Astronomy Chapter 12 Review Approximately how massive is the Sun as compared to the Earth? A. 100 times B. 300 times C. 3000 times D. 300,000 times E. One million times Approximately how massive is the
More information1.3j describe how astronomers observe the Sun at different wavelengths
1.3j describe how astronomers observe the Sun at different wavelengths 1.3k demonstrate an understanding of the appearance of the Sun at different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, including
More informationSun Earth Connection Missions
Sun Earth Connection Missions ACE Advanced Composition Explorer The Earth is constantly bombarded with a stream of accelerated particles arriving not only from the Sun, but also from interstellar and galactic
More informationLesson 3 THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Lesson 3 THE SOLAR SYSTEM THE NATURE OF THE SUN At the center of our solar system is the Sun which is a typical medium sized star. Composed mainly of Hydrogen (73% by mass), 23% helium and the rest is
More informationThe Structure of the Sun. CESAR s Booklet
How stars work In order to have a stable star, the energy it emits must be the same as it can produce. There must be an equilibrium. The main source of energy of a star it is nuclear fusion, especially
More informationOur sun is the star in our solar system, which lies within a galaxy (Milky Way) within the universe. A star is a large glowing ball of gas that
Our sun is the star in our solar system, which lies within a galaxy (Milky Way) within the universe. A star is a large glowing ball of gas that generates energy through nuclear fusion in its core. The
More informationA Star is born: The Sun. SNC1D7-Space
A Star is born: The Sun SNC1D7-Space Exploring the Sun Our Sun, a star, is the most important celestial object for life on Earth. The solar nebula theory is the current theory used to explain the formation
More informationAn Introduction to Space Weather. J. Burkepile High Altitude Observatory / NCAR
An Introduction to Space Weather J. Burkepile High Altitude Observatory / NCAR What is Space Weather? Space Weather refers to conditions in interplanetary space, produced by the Sun, that can disrupt
More informationSolar Transients P.K. Manoharan
Solar Transients P.K. Manoharan Radio Astronomy Centre National Centre for Radio Astrophysics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Ooty 643001, India 1 Solar Flares and associated Coronal Mass Ejections
More information! The Sun as a star! Structure of the Sun! The Solar Cycle! Solar Activity! Solar Wind! Observing the Sun. The Sun & Solar Activity
! The Sun as a star! Structure of the Sun! The Solar Cycle! Solar Activity! Solar Wind! Observing the Sun The Sun & Solar Activity The Sun in Perspective Planck s Law for Black Body Radiation ν = c / λ
More informationPhys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 8
Phys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 8 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Granulation is caused by a. sunspots. * b. rising gas below the photosphere. c. shock waves in the corona. d. the
More informationRadiation Zone. AST 100 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies. 5. What s inside the Sun? From the Center Outwards. Meanderings of outbound photons
AST 100 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies 5. What s inside the Sun? From the Center Outwards Core: Hydrogen ANNOUNCEMENTS Midterm I on Tue, Sept. 29 it will cover class material up to today (included)
More informationSpace Weather and Satellite System Interaction
Space Engineering International Course, Kyutech, 4 th Quarter Semester 2017 Space Weather and Satellite System Interaction Lecture 2: Space Weather Concept, Reporting and Forecasting Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr.
More informationExplain how the sun converts matter into energy in its core. Describe the three layers of the sun s atmosphere.
Chapter 29 and 30 Explain how the sun converts matter into energy in its core. Describe the three layers of the sun s atmosphere. Explain how sunspots are related to powerful magnetic fields on the sun.
More informationThe Dancing Lights Program
The Sun Teacher Background: The Dancing Lights Program Margaux Krahe Many people think the Sun is just a fiery yellow ball. The Sun is not actually burning because fire requires oxygen. Really, the Sun
More informationKiller Skies. Homework 5 due Monday Night Observing continuing Last time: White Dwarf Today: Active Sun. Music: Invisible Sun Police
Killer Skies Homework 5 due Monday Night Observing continuing Last time: White Dwarf Today: Active Sun Music: Invisible Sun Police 1 Night Observing Night Observing probably last week if you do it, need
More informationAstronomy 150: Killer Skies. Lecture 18, March 1
Assignments: Astronomy 150: Killer Skies HW6 due next Friday at start of class HW5 and Computer Lab 1 due Night Observing continues next week Lecture 18, March 1 Computer Lab 1 due next Friday Guest Lecturer:
More information1 A= one Angstrom = 1 10 cm
Our Star : The Sun )Chapter 10) The sun is hot fireball of gas. We observe its outer surface called the photosphere: We determine the temperature of the photosphere by measuring its spectrum: The peak
More informationTeacher Background: The Dancing Lights Program
Teacher Background: The Dancing Lights Program The Sun Many people think the Sun is just a fiery yellow ball. The Sun isn t actually burning because fire requires oxygen. Really, the Sun a giant ball of
More information1-4-1A. Sun Structure
Sun Structure A cross section of the Sun reveals its various layers. The Core is the hottest part of the internal sun and is the location of nuclear fusion. The heat and energy produced in the core is
More informationThe Project. National Schools Observatory
Sunspots The Project This project is devised to give students a good understanding of the structure and magnetic field of the Sun and how this effects solar activity. Students will work with sunspot data
More informationHistory and modernity of the study of Space Weather in Russia
History and modernity of the study of Space Weather in Russia Klimov, S.I., A.A. Petrukovich Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI RAN), 117997, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya str., Moscow, Russia
More informationLiving in a Star. Sarah Gibson (NCAR/HAO)
Living in a Star Sarah Gibson (NCAR/HAO) 3D real-time astronomy Solar eruption (CME) Earth s magnetosphere We are observing a stellar system from within What we see may impact us in near-real time Unescapably
More informationSOLAR SYSTEM NOTES. Surface of the Sun appears granulated: 10/2/2015 ENERGY TRANSFERS RADIATION FROM THE SUN
SOLAR SYSTEM NOTES 10.7.15 ENERGY TRANSFERS Radiation - a process in which energy travels through vacuum (without a medium) Conduction a process in which energy travels through a medium Convection - The
More informationTHE SUN AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Chapter 26 THE SUN AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM CHAPTER 26 SECTION 26.1: THE SUN S SIZE, HEAT, AND STRUCTURE Objectives: What is the Sun s structure and source of energy? Key Vocabulary: Fusion Photosphere Corona
More informationGeomagnetic Disturbance Report Reeve Observatory
Event type: Geomagnetic disturbances due to recurrent coronal hole high-speed stream Background: This background section defines the events covered. A coronal hole is a large dark region of less dense
More informationGeomagnetic Disturbances (GMDs) History and Prediction
Geomagnetic Disturbances (GMDs) History and Prediction J. Patrick Donohoe, Ph.D., P.E. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Mississippi State University Box 9571 Miss. State, MS 39762 donohoe@ece.msstate.edu
More informationSpace Physics: Recent Advances and Near-term Challenge. Chi Wang. National Space Science Center, CAS
Space Physics: Recent Advances and Near-term Challenge Chi Wang National Space Science Center, CAS Feb.25, 2014 Contents Significant advances from the past decade Key scientific challenges Future missions
More informationChapter 14 Our Star Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 14 Our Star Basic Types of Energy Kinetic (motion) Radiative (light) Potential (stored) Energy can change type, but cannot be created or destroyed. Thermal Energy: the collective kinetic energy
More informationSolar-Terrestrial Physics. The Sun s Atmosphere, Solar Wind, and the Sun-Earth Connection
Week 2 Lecture Notes Solar-Terrestrial Physics The Sun s Atmosphere, Solar Wind, and the Sun-Earth Connection www.cac.cornell.edu/~slantz The Solar Corona is the Sun s Extended Atmosphere Scattered light
More informationThis project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie-Sklodowska-Curie grant
This project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie-Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 721624. Space weather and the variable
More informationThe Sun. Never look directly at the Sun, especially NOT through an unfiltered telescope!!
The Sun Introduction We will meet in class for a brief discussion and review of background material. We will then go outside for approximately 1 hour of telescope observing. The telescopes will already
More informationYour web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore
Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore AURO RA northern lights (aurora borealis), southern lights (aurora
More informationSun s Properties. Overview: The Sun. Composition of the Sun. Sun s Properties. The outer layers. Photosphere: Surface. Nearest.
Overview: The Sun Properties of the Sun Sun s outer layers Photosphere Chromosphere Corona Solar Activity Sunspots & the sunspot cycle Flares, prominences, CMEs, aurora Sun s Interior The Sun as an energy
More informationThe General Properties of the Sun
Notes: The General Properties of the Sun The sun is an average star with average brightness. It only looks bright because it s so close. It contains 99% of the mass of the solar system. It is made of entirely
More informationModule 4: Astronomy - The Solar System Topic 2 Content: Solar Activity Presentation Notes
The Sun, the largest body in the Solar System, is a giant ball of gas held together by gravity. The Sun is constantly undergoing the nuclear process of fusion and creating a tremendous amount of light
More informationChapter 14 Lecture. Chapter 14: Our Star Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 14 Lecture Chapter 14: Our Star 14.1 A Closer Look at the Sun Our goals for learning: Why does the Sun shine? What is the Sun's structure? Why does the Sun shine? Is it on FIRE? Is it on FIRE?
More informationSpace Weather. S. Abe and A. Ikeda [1] ICSWSE [2] KNCT
Space Weather S. Abe and A. Ikeda [1] ICSWSE [2] KNCT Outline Overview of Space Weather I. Space disasters II. Space weather III. Sun IV. Solar wind (interplanetary space) V. Magnetosphere VI. Recent Space
More informationRadio Observations and Space Weather Research
Radio Observations and Space Weather Research Jasmina Magdalenić Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence SIDC, Royal Observatory of Belgium What is space weather and why is it important? Eruptive processes:
More informationA Closer Look at the Sun
Our Star A Closer Look at the Sun Our goals for learning Why was the Sun s energy source a major mystery? Why does the Sun shine? What is the Sun s structure? Why was the Sun s energy source a major mystery?
More informationSolar Magnetic Fields Jun 07 UA/NSO Summer School 1
Solar Magnetic Fields 1 11 Jun 07 UA/NSO Summer School 1 If the sun didn't have a magnetic field, then it would be as boring a star as most astronomers think it is. -- Robert Leighton 11 Jun 07 UA/NSO
More informationPhysical Science Context Lecture 2 The Earth and Sun's Magnetic Fields
Physical Science Context Lecture 2 The Earth and Sun's Magnetic Fields The earth is a huge magnetic and close to its surface it can be approximated as a bar magnet (a magnetic dipole) that is positioned
More informationChapter 14 Our Star A Closer Look at the Sun. Why was the Sun s energy source a major mystery?
Chapter 14 Our Star 14.1 A Closer Look at the Sun Our goals for learning Why was the Sun s energy source a major mystery? Why does the Sun shine? What is the Sun s structure? Why was the Sun s energy source
More information4 Layers of the Sun. CORE : center, where fusion occurs
4 Layers of the Sun CORE : center, where fusion occurs RADIATION LAYER: energy transfer by radiation (like energy coming from a light bulb or heat lamp which you can feel across the room) CONVECTION LAYER:
More informationChapter 14 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Our Star Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 14 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Our Star 14.1 A Closer Look at the Sun Our goals for learning: Why does the Sun shine? What is the Sun's structure? Why does the Sun shine? Is
More informationASTRONOMY. Chapter 15 THE SUN: A GARDEN-VARIETY STAR PowerPoint Image Slideshow
ASTRONOMY Chapter 15 THE SUN: A GARDEN-VARIETY STAR PowerPoint Image Slideshow FIGURE 15.1 Our Star. The Sun our local star is quite average in many ways. However, that does not stop it from being a fascinating
More informationSpace Physics. An Introduction to Plasmas and Particles in the Heliosphere and Magnetospheres. May-Britt Kallenrode. Springer
May-Britt Kallenrode Space Physics An Introduction to Plasmas and Particles in the Heliosphere and Magnetospheres With 170 Figures, 9 Tables, Numerous Exercises and Problems Springer Contents 1. Introduction
More informationSolar Flares and CMEs. Solar Physics 1
Solar Flares and CMEs Solar Physics 1 What is a solar flare? What is a CME? A solar flare is a sudden eruption of energetic charged particles from the Sun s corona. A coronal mass ejection (CME) is, by
More informationThe Sun ASTR /17/2014
The Sun ASTR 101 11/17/2014 1 Radius: 700,000 km (110 R ) Mass: 2.0 10 30 kg (330,000 M ) Density: 1400 kg/m 3 Rotation: Differential, about 25 days at equator, 30 days at poles. Surface temperature: 5800
More informationDirected Reading. Section: Solar Activity SUNSPOTS. Skills Worksheet. 1. How do the gases that make up the sun s interior and atmosphere behave?
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Solar Activity 1. How do the gases that make up the sun s interior and atmosphere behave? 2. What causes the continuous rising and sinking of the sun s gases?
More informationPOLAR-ECLIPTIC PATROL (PEP) FOR SOLAR STUDIES AND MONITORING OF SPACE WEATHER
Proc. 2 nd International conference-exibition. Small satellities. New technologies, miniaturization. Areas of effective applications in XXI century. Section 1: Remote sensing of the Earth and space. Korolev,
More informationSun-Earth Connection Missions
ACE (1997 ) Cosmic and Heliospheric Study of the physics and chemistry Advanced Composition Explorer Learning Center of the solar corona, the solar wind, http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/ace/ http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov
More informationZach Meeks. Office: Ford ES&T Phone: (918) Please let me know if you have any questions!
Zach Meeks Office: Ford ES&T 2114 Email: zachary.meeks@gatech.edu Phone: (918) 515-0052 Please let me know if you have any questions! The scope of space physics Solar-Terrestrial Relations Solar-Terrestrial
More informationSolar Dynamics Affecting Skywave Communications
Solar Dynamics Affecting Skywave Communications Ken Larson KJ6RZ October 2010 1 Page Subject 3 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Structure of the Sun 3 2.1 Core 3 2.2 Radiation Zone 4 2.3 Convection Zone 4 2.4 Photosphere
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 24 Studying the Sun 24.1 The Study of Light Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic radiation includes gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet light, visible
More informationSolar eruptive phenomena
Solar eruptive phenomena Andrei Zhukov Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence SIDC, Royal Observatory of Belgium 26/01/2018 1 Eruptive solar activity Solar activity exerts continous influence on the solar
More informationIntroductory Lecture II: An Overview of Space Storms
Introductory Lecture II: An Overview of Space Storms Jan J. Sojka Center for Atmospheric and Space Science Utah State University Logan, Utah 28 July 2010 Overview Space weather and its storms. Super storms
More informationChapter 23. Our Solar System
Chapter 23 Our Solar System Our Solar System 1 Historical Astronomy Wandering Stars Greeks watched the stars move across the sky and noticed five stars that wandered around and did not follow the paths
More informationTracking Solar Eruptions to Their Impact on Earth Carl Luetzelschwab K9LA September 2016 Bonus
Tracking Solar Eruptions to Their Impact on Earth Carl Luetzelschwab K9LA September 2016 Bonus In June 2015, the Sun emitted several M-Class flares over a 2-day period. These flares were concurrent with
More informationMagnetic storms. Anke Witzky. 29th October 2008
Magnetic storms Anke Witzky 29th October 2008 1 CONTENTS 1 Contents 1 Are magnetic storms some kind of weather? 2 2 How humans recovered space weather 2 3 What happens out there? 4 4 Magnetic storms an
More informationCHAPTER 11. We continue to Learn a lot about the Solar System by using Space Exploration
CHAPTER 11 We continue to Learn a lot about the Solar System by using Space Exploration Section 11.1 The Sun page 390 -Average sized star -Millions of km away -300,000 more massive then Earth, 99% of all
More informationEarth Space Systems. Semester 1 Exam. Astronomy Vocabulary
Earth Space Systems Semester 1 Exam Astronomy Vocabulary Astronomical Unit- Aurora- Big Bang- Black Hole- 1AU is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun (93 million miles). This unit of measurement
More informationSolar Activity Space Debris
The Hazards To Space Systems Solar Activity Space Debris The Threat From The Sun Major solar events, (Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections) have the potential to generate significant effects on satellites,
More informationThe Sun. 1a. The Photosphere. A. The Solar Atmosphere. 1b. Limb Darkening. A. Solar Atmosphere. B. Phenomena (Sunspots) C.
The Sun 1 The Sun A. Solar Atmosphere 2 B. Phenomena (Sunspots) Dr. Bill Pezzaglia C. Interior Updated 2006Sep18 A. The Solar Atmosphere 1. Photosphere 2. Chromosphere 3. Corona 4. Solar Wind 3 1a. The
More informationChapter 9 The Sun. Nuclear fusion: Combining of light nuclei into heavier ones Example: In the Sun is conversion of H into He
Our sole source of light and heat in the solar system A common star: a glowing ball of plasma held together by its own gravity and powered by nuclear fusion at its center. Nuclear fusion: Combining of
More informationChapter 24: Studying the Sun. 24.3: The Sun Textbook pages
Chapter 24: Studying the Sun 24.3: The Sun Textbook pages 684-690 The sun is one of the 100 billion stars of the Milky Way galaxy. The sun has no characteristics to make it unique to the universe. It is
More informationSTCE Newsletter. 7 Dec Dec 2015
Published by the STCE - this issue : 18 Dec 2015. Available online at http://www.stce.be/newsletter/. The Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence (STCE) is a collaborative network of the Belgian Institute
More informationOutline. Astronomy: The Big Picture. Earth Sun comparison. Nighttime observing is over, but a makeup observing session may be scheduled. Stay tuned.
Nighttime observing is over, but a makeup observing session may be scheduled. Stay tuned. Next homework due Oct 24 th. I will not be here on Wednesday, but Paul Ricker will present the lecture! My Tuesday
More informationGuidepost. Chapter 08 The Sun 10/12/2015. General Properties. The Photosphere. Granulation. Energy Transport in the Photosphere.
Guidepost The Sun is the source of light an warmth in our solar system, so it is a natural object to human curiosity. It is also the star most easily visible from Earth, and therefore the most studied.
More information19 The Sun Introduction. Name: Date:
Name: Date: 19 The Sun 19.1 Introduction The Sun is a very important object for all life on Earth. The nuclear reactions that occur in its core produce the energy required by plants and animals for survival.
More informationThe Carrington Event: Flare or CME? A Report
The Carrington Event: Flare or CME? A Report Margery Infield, Putney High School In the late summer of 1859, Richard Carrington, an English amateur astronomer, made an amazing observation: While engaged
More informationCorrection to Homework
Today: Chapter 10 Reading Next Week: Homework Due March 12 Midterm Exam: March 19 Correction to Homework #1: Diameter of eye: 2.5 cm #10: See Ch. 11 Office Hours Monday. 11AM -2 PM Help Sessions Available:
More informationMagnetic- Field Perhaps the most familiar demonstration of the reality of the Earth's magnetic field is the north- seeking tendency of the compass
BACKGROUND The Earth's magnetic field is both expansive and complicated. It is generated by electric currents that are deep within the Earth and high above the surface. All of these currents contribute
More informationThe Sun. 1a. The Photosphere. A. The Solar Atmosphere. 1b. Limb Darkening. A. Solar Atmosphere. B. Phenomena (Sunspots) C.
The Sun 1 The Sun A. Solar Atmosphere 2 B. Phenomena (Sunspots) Dr. Bill Pezzaglia C. Interior Updated 2014Feb08 A. The Solar Atmosphere 1. Photosphere 2. Chromosphere 3. Corona 4. Solar Wind & earthly
More informationSpace weather. Introduction to lectures by Dr John S. Reid. Image courtesy:
Space weather Introduction to lectures by Dr John S. Reid Image courtesy: http://www.astro-photography.com/ss9393.htm Sunspot 9393 First pass from late March to early April, 2001 See: Storms from the Sun
More informationSpace Notes 2. Covers Objectives 3, 4, and 8
Space Notes 2 Covers Objectives 3, 4, and 8 Sun Average Size Star Sun 101 Sun s Mass almost 100 times the mass of all the planets combined. Most of the mass is hydrogen gas Thermonuclear Reaction Thermonuclear
More informationExploring the Solar Wind with Ultraviolet Light
Timbuktu Academy Seminar, Southern University and A&M College, November 19, 2003 Exploring the Solar Wind with Ultraviolet Light Steven R. Cranmer Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge,
More informationLecture 17 The Sun October 31, 2018
Lecture 17 The Sun October 31, 2018 1 2 Exam 2 Information Bring a #2 pencil! Bring a calculator. No cell phones or tablets allowed! Contents: Free response problems (2 questions, 10 points) True/False
More informationThe Dynamic Magnetosphere. Ioannis A. Daglis. National Observatory of Athens, Greece
310/1749-42 ICTP-COST-USNSWP-CAWSES-INAF-INFN International Advanced School on Space Weather 2-19 May 2006 The Dynamic Magnetosphere: Reaction to and Consequences of Solar Wind Variations Yannis DAGLIS
More informationGreeks watched the stars move across the sky and noticed five stars that wandered around and did not follow the paths of the normal stars.
Chapter 23 Our Solar System Our Solar System Historical Astronomy Wandering Stars Greeks watched the stars move across the sky and noticed five stars that wandered around and did not follow the paths of
More informationThe Sun: Our Star. The Sun is an ordinary star and shines the same way other stars do.
The Sun: Our Star The Sun is an ordinary star and shines the same way other stars do. Announcements q Homework # 4 is due today! q Units 49 and 51 Assigned Reading Today s Goals q Today we start section
More informationStars Short Study Guide
Class: Date: Stars Short Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Most of the light emitted by the Sun comes from the.
More informationInterplanetary Field During the Current Solar Minimum
Interplanetary Field During the Current Solar Minimum C.T. Russell 1, L.K. Jian 1, J. G. Luhmann 2, T.L. Zhang 3 1 UCLA, 2 UCB, 3 SRI, OEAW SOHO 23 Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum Asticou Inn, Northeast
More informationName Date Period. 10. convection zone 11. radiation zone 12. core
240 points CHAPTER 29 STARS SECTION 29.1 The Sun (40 points this page) In your textbook, read about the properties of the Sun and the Sun s atmosphere. Use each of the terms below just once to complete
More informationChapter Introduction Lesson 1 The View from Earth Lesson 2 The Sun and Other Stars Lesson 3 Evolution of Stars Lesson 4 Galaxies and the Universe
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The View from Earth Lesson 2 The Sun and Other Stars Lesson 3 Evolution of Stars Lesson 4 Galaxies and the Universe Chapter Wrap-Up What makes up the universe and how does
More informationLearning Objectives. wavelengths of light do we use to see each of them? mass ejections? Which are the most violent?
Our Beacon: The Sun Learning Objectives! What are the outer layers of the Sun, in order? What wavelengths of light do we use to see each of them?! Why does limb darkening tell us the inner Sun is hotter?!
More information