Study of the radiation fields in LEO with the Timepix detector
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1 Study of the radiation fields in LEO with the Timepix detector 1 1, Czech Technical University in Prague 16th Baksan Cosmology School 1/24
2 Timepix in space 2/24
3 Proba-V Altitude = 820 km Inclination = 98.8 Sun-synchronous orbit in orbit since May /24
4 Timepix Planar pixelated semiconductor sensor (Si, thickness: 300 µm) Bump-bonded to readout chip containing in each pixel cell: amplifier, discriminator, digital counter or ADC or Timer Single particle counting chip Features: 256 x 256 pixels 55 µm pixel pitch 14 bits/pixel Minimal threshold: 3.5 kev 4/24
5 Space Application of Timepix RAdiation Monitor (SATRAM) Exposure time: 0.002s Power consumption: 2.5W Total mass: 380g (107x70x55 mm) Radiation tolerance 1 Mrad for the sensor, 100 krad for the electronics SATRAM is platform technology demonstrator pixel y pixel x 3 frame exposure times: 20s, 0.2s and 0.002s /24
6 Van Allen Belts Inner belt: Altitude: km Electrons: MeV Flux: 10 8 cm 2 s 1 Protons: 5 MeV MeV Flux: 10 4 cm 2 s 1 Outer belt: Altitude: km Electrons: MeV Flux: 10 7 cm 2 s 1 Due to the slight offset of the belts from Earth s geometric center, the inner Van Allen belt makes its closest approach to the surface at the South Atlantic Anomaly. 6/24
7 Geant4 SATRAM model Red: Timepix sensor Green: PCB s Grey: housing + satellite (later) Top panel: 3.5 mm thick, side: 3 mm, window 1.75 mm irradiated with e and protons with an omnidirectional flux 7/24
8 Input spectra for the simulation Both spectra were created with the SPENVIS online tool. Electrons and protons left of the red line do not penetrate the aluminium cover of the SATRAM device. They were not considered in the simulation. 8/24
9 Energy loss response a.u de/dx [MeV cm 2 g -1 ] simulated protons simulated electrons The distribtutions were scaled so that they resemble the expected composition in LEO Electrons lose 10 MeV cm 2 g 1 9/24
10 Strategy for particle identification Cluster shape, cluster height and energy loss are used to distinguish between particle species. e, X-ray: height < 300 kev e : height < 300 kev proton: height > 300 kev e proton: de dx ion: same as heavy blob de dx < 100 MeVcm2 g > 100 MeVcm2 g e : de dx proton: de dx < 10 MeVcm2 g > 10 MeVcm2 g 10/24
11 Separation of electrons and protons (a) Dominated by electrons (b) Dominated by protons Frames with less than 20% occupancy were selected to reduce overlap which causes an underestimation of the flux in the center of the SAA. (c) Dominated by Ions 11/24
12 Dose rate Dose rate: #pixel dd dt = i=0 E i m sensor dt (1) 12/24
13 Dose rate Dose rate: #pixel dd dt = i=0 E i m sensor dt (1) 12/24
14 Dose rate Dose rate: #pixel dd dt = i=0 E i m sensor dt (1) 12/24
15 Dose rate Dose rate: P#pixel Ei dd i=0 = dt msensor dt (1) 12/24
16 Monthly dose rate Monthly dose rates Dose rate [mgy/h] Dec/2014 Jan/2016 Dec/2016 Dec/2017 Dec/2018 Time (UTC) The peaks in the monthly dose rate can be associated with solar events which cause a geomagnetic strom. 13/24
17 Solar Proton Event (SPE) in September Solar Proton Events, Sep. 6th and 10th 1st event with rather low proton energy (< 50 MeV) 2nd event with protons > 100 MeV SATRAM sees clearly 2nd event cm -2 ] -1 Flux [MeV s /Sep 05/Sep 08/Sep 11/Sep 14/Sep 17/Sep Time (UTC) 14/24
18 Solar Proton Event (SPE) in September (a) Measured flux from to (b) Measured flux from to for comparison. No SPE or other events were seen during this time. 15/24
19 Energy loss spectrum e - protons ions Time period: to Includes electrons, MIP s, protons and heavier ions 16/24
20 Energy loss spectrum Time period: to Includes electrons, MIP s, protons and heavier ions 16/24
21 Energy loss spectrum Time period: to Includes electrons, MIP s, protons and heavier ions 16/24
22 Energy loss spectrum Time period: to Includes electrons, MIP s, protons and heavier ions 16/24
23 VZLUSAT-1 Launched from India on June 23, unit cubesat Altitude: 505 km 2kg weight Partner: Faculty of mathematics and Physics, Charles University; Czech Space Research Centre; Frentech Aerospace; VZLU; 5M;CTU IN PRAGUE; FEE UWB; HVM PLASMA; IST; RIGAKU; TTS lost attitude control after start 17/24
24 Dose rate SATRAM detector life time: 340 days VZLUSAT-1 detector life time: 11 hours 18/24
25 Monthly dose rate Monthly dose rates SATRAM The dose rates agree between the 2 satellites with VZLUSAT showing lower dose due to the lower orbit. VZLUSAT also registered the SPE event in September Dose rate [mgy/h] Jul/2017 Dec/2017 Jul/2018 Time (UTC) VZLUSAT-1 19/24
26 Cluster rate: Electrons SATRAM detector life time: 340 days VZLUSAT-1 detector life time: 11 hours 20/24
27 Cluster rate: Protons SATRAM detector life time: 340 days VZLUSAT-1 detector life time: 11 hours 21/24
28 Cluster rate: Ions SATRAM detector life time: 340 days VZLUSAT-1 detector life time: 11 hours 22/24
29 Summary SATRAM: Flown for almost 6 years in orbit First successful demonstration of a Timepix working in open space Measured dose Strategy for particle identification VZLUSAT-1: Measured for 17 months Results agree with results from SATRAM 23/24
30 Thank you for your attention! 24/24
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