Simultaneous Investigation of Galactic Cosmic Rays on Aircrafts and on International Space Station

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1 Simultaneous Investigation of Galactic Cosmic Rays on Aircrafts and on International Space Station T. Dachev(1), F. Spurny(2), G. Reitz(3), B.T. Tomov(1), P.G. Dimitrov(1), itrov(1), Y.N. Matviichuk(1) (1) Solar-Terrestrial Influences Laboratory, Bulgarian Academy of sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria, (2) Nuclear Physics Institute-Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (3) DLR, German Aerospace Research, Cologne, Germany

2 Outlook International Space Station GCR Radiation Environment Aircraft instrumentation and results Long-term variations of aircraft doses and fluxes Forbush decrease study on aircrafts and on International Space station Future space experiments Conclusions Simultaneous... 2

3 International Space Station GCR Radiation Environment Simultaneous... 3

01-1250 part/cm 2 s; NP-F550 type): 100x64x24 - Energy loss range: - 0.0407 20.83 MeV; mm; - Pulse height analysis range: - 19.5 mv 5.

4 Liulin-Mobile Dosimetry Unit (MDU) at ISS External view of MDU Internal view of MDU Electronics Detector + preamp. Battery compartment SPECIFICATIONS OF MDU -Size (including 70x38x20 - Dose range: ngy 1.56 mgy; mm battery pack of SONY - Flux range: part/cm 2 s; NP-F550 type): 100x64x24 - Energy loss range: MeV; mm; - Pulse height analysis range: mv 5.0 V; -Total mass (including LET range: kev/m; kg battery pack): 0.23 kg. - Temperature range: 0 C C; - Operation time 5 days - Power consumption: typically 72 mw; Simultaneous... 4

Configuration of ISS and CSA aircraft orbits 60 50 Latitude (deg) 40 30 20 10 0 ISS 28 May 2001 ISS 30

5 Configuration of ISS and CSA aircraft orbits Latitude (deg) ISS 28 May 2001 ISS 30 May 2001 ISS 2 June 2001 CSA 1 June Longitude (deg) Simultaneous... 5

6 Oulu Neutron Monitor Data Simultaneous... 6

7 Presentation of the ISS data Dose Flux D/F 10 ISS Liulin-E094 MDU#$ Descending orbits -80 <Long< June Dose (ugy/h) Flux (cm^-2 s^-1) D/F (ngy cm^2/part.) May May L value Simultaneous... 7

8 Variations of the GCR in dependence of L value as observed by MDU#4 on ISS. MDU#4 Dose (ugy/hour) Liulin-E094 ISS US Lab 2 June 30 May 28 May MDU#4 Flux (cm^-2s^-1) Fit 2 June Fit 30 May Fit 28 May L value Simultaneous... 8

9 Same as previous for MDU#1, which is less shielded ISS MDU#1 Flux (cm^-2s^-1) June May May L value Simultaneous... 9

10 Aircraft instrumentation and results Simultaneous... 10

01-1250 part/cm2s; - Energy loss range: - 0.0407 20.83 MeV; - Pulse height analysis range: 19.5 mv 5.0 V; - LET (Si) range: 0.27-69.

11 Liulin-Spectrometer for more than 100 days monitoring of the space radiation at aircraft altitudes External view of LS Detector + preamp. Internal view of LS Electronics D-size Li-ion Batteries SPECIFICATIONS: - Dose range: ngy 1.56 mgy; - Flux range: part/cm2s; - Energy loss range: MeV; - Pulse height analysis range: 19.5 mv 5.0 V; - LET (Si) range: kev/m; - Temperature range: 0oC - +40oC; - Power consumption: typically 52 mw; -Size: 100x100x50 mm; -Total mass: 0.33 kg. (including 2x 0.1 kg SAFT LSH V Li-ion batteries); - Operation time 110 days Simultaneous... 11

12 Long term variations including Forbush decreases and GLE#60 as seen on Liulin data on CSA aircraft for the mean doses and fluxes on Prague New-York routes for 22 March 7 May 2001 Event Rate (cm^-2 s^-1) Dose Rate (ugy/hour) Dose Oulu NM Event rate 27 March 7 April 17 April 27 April Oulu NM corrected Count rate Day number in 2001 Simultaneous... 12

13 Aircraft data Simultaneous... 13

14 Variations of the CSA aircraft dose and flux data for 30 May and 2 June 2001 on the route Prague-New York and back 1.2 Prague-New Yourk and back Flux (cm^-2 s^-1) Dose Dose Flux Flux Dose (ugy/hour) Number of measurements Simultaneous... 14

15 Simultaneously plotted Flux data from MDUs on CSA and on ISS from 21 May to 10 June 2001 Oulu NM counts 6200 MDU#4 Flux (cm^-2s^-1) 2 1 MDU#5 Ave. Flux on CSA MDU#4 Flux on ISS Aver. MDU#4 Flux on ISS Oulu NM corrected counts May 2001 June 2001 Simultaneous... 15

C Cl T K O Comparison of ISS and aircraft dose and NM data 6000 6 5000 5 Normal to Forbush Ratios On CSA aircraft: N/F=1.29 On ISS: N/F=1.

16 C Cl T K O Comparison of ISS and aircraft dose and NM data Normal to Forbush Ratios On CSA aircraft: N/F=1.29 On ISS: N/F=1.21 Neutron monitor counts Oulu Kiel Thule MDU on Aircraft (aver.) MDU-2 on ISS aver GCR Dose Rate (ugy/hour) May June 2001 Simultaneous... 16

17 Comparison of the spectra obtained on ISS and on CSA aircraft for the time before and after Forbush Decrease 1E+0 Y = pow(x, ) * ISS Y = pow(x, ) * CSA ISS Flux (cm^2 s^-1) 1E-1 1E-2 1E-3 1E-4 CSA CSA ISS Fit ISS 1E-5 Fit CSA 1E-2 1E-1 1E+0 1E+1 1E+2 Deposited energy in Si (MeV) Simultaneous... 17

18 Dose to flux calculations according to Heffner, 1991 Simultaneous... 18

19 Fitting curves of the Dose, Flux and dose to flux ratio from MDU#4 on ISS for 3 different periods before, during and after the Forbush decrease on 27 May ISS Liulin-E094, Descending orbits -80 <Long<20 Note: June Dose/Flux ratio being almost constant about 1.08 [mgy cm 2 p -1 ]; Dose (ugy/h) Flux (cm^-2 s^-1) D/F (ngy cm^2/part.) May 2001 Dose Polynomial Fit D/F Linear Fit Fit 10: Polynomial - Average Dose L>2,5 is 5.28 [mgy/h];[ -Average Flux is 1.62 [cm -2 s -1 ] May L value Simultaneous... 19

20 Dose (ugy/hour) Dose and dose to flux ratio from MDU#5 on CSA for June 2001 MDU#5 on CSA aircraft 2-10 June 2001 Dose > 1.0 [ugy/hour] Dose Dose/Flux Linear fit Flux (cm^-2 s^-1) Dose/Flux (ngy cm^2 part.^-1) Note: - Dose/Flux ratio being almost constant about 0.63 [mgy cm 2 p -1 ]; - Average Dose is 1.68 [mgy/h];[ -Average Flux is 0.95 [cm -2 s -1 ] Simultaneous... 20

21 Comparison between Liulin MDUs and TEPC data 1E+1 Dose Rate (ugy/min) 1E+0 1E-1 MDU#1 MDU#2 MDU#3 MDU#4 Specific Dose (ngy/part) TEPC TEPC SD 1E-2 MDU#4 SD 19:37:30 19:42:30 19:47:30 19:52:30 19:57:30 20:02:30 UT (HH:MM:SS) Simultaneous... 21

22 Future space experiments Simultaneous... 22

beginning of 2004 Liulin-ISS, MDU DIMENSIONS: Weight: 229 g

23 Liulin-ISS Instrument is a part of Russian segment service dosimetric system and will work on ISS for 15 years since beginning of 2004 Liulin-ISS, MDU DIMENSIONS: Weight: 229 g incl. 80 g battery Size: 110x80x25 mm Consumption: 84 mw Simultaneous... 23

R3D-B instrument for ESA Biopan-4 facility outside of

On 15 October 2002 it was unsuccessfully launched.

The spectrometer is mutually developed with the

256 Channels LET spectrometer Biopan-4 Facility UV-C

24 R3D-B instrument for ESA Biopan-4 facility outside of Foton M1 satellite. On 15 October 2002 it was unsuccessfully launched. The mission will be repeated in 2005 and The spectrometer is mutually developed with the University in Erlangen, Germany. 256 Channels LET spectrometer Biopan-4 Facility UV-C channel After the crash UV-B channel UV-A channel PAR channel R3D-B DIMENSIONS: Weight: 129 g Size: 82x57x25 mm Simultaneous Consumption: 84 mw

25 R3D instrument for EXPOSE facility outside of Columbus on ISS. The spectrometer is mutually developed with the University in Erlangen, Germany and is expected to be launched in 2004/ Channels LET spectrometer EXPOSE PAR channel UV-A channel Columbus UV-B channel Flight unit mounted in the EXPOSE facility (May 2003) R3D DIMENSIONS: Weight: 189 g Size: 76x76x36 mm Consumption: 120 mw UV-C channel Quick look data analysis panel Simultaneous... 25

26 Conclusions Liulin spectrometers proved its possibility to characterize complex radiation fields and their variations in the International space station and on aircrafts; Future experiments in space are under development and will be performed up to 2019; Additional efforts are needed to present and analyze all the obtained results. Simultaneous... 26

27 Thank you for your attention Simultaneous... 27

High Dose Rates by Relativistic Electrons: Observations on Foton M2/M3 satellites and on International Space Station

High Dose Rates by Relativistic Electrons: Observations on Foton M2/M3 satellites and on International Space Station Ts. Dachev 1, B. Tomov 1, Yu.. Matviichuk 1 1, Pl.. Dimitrov 1 1 N. Bankov 2 1 Solar-Terrestrial