High-contrast STScI activities in the context of US spatial missions. Marie Ygouf - Journées Haute Dynamique - ONERA 20 Janvier 2015

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1 High-contrast STScI activities in the context of US spatial missions Marie Ygouf - Journées Haute Dynamique - ONERA 20 Janvier

2 Exoplanet Exploration Program Analysis Group (ExoPAG) meeting Can we sell a mission that doesn t look for and characterize Earth-like planets? Very Expensive That s our driver! Unlikely to obtain many spectra of Earth-like planets around Sun-like stars with transits 2 2

3 Direct imaging Find an Earth-like planet in the habitable zone Detection and characterization (spectroscopy, orbits ) of a large type of exoplanets from giant planets to Super-Earths The future missions will all serve as demonstrators of the technology we need to answer the big question: are we alone? 3 3

4 2010 Decadal Survey How diverse are planetary systems? Do habitable worlds exist around other stars, and can we identify the telltale signs of life on an exoplanet? How do circumstellar disks evolve and form planetary systems? 4

5 Agenda How do NASA plan to answer to these questions?! STScI Activities Wavefront sensing and control (WFS&C) Coronagraphy Post-processing 5

6 Some current projects for direct imaging Probe-class missions (<$1B) Flagships NWT/ATLAST (Spergel et al.) (Stapelfeldt et al.) (Seager et al.) 1.5m 1.1m 2020s 2.4m 8-16m 2030s 6

7 Some current projects for direct imaging 7

8 Some current projects for direct imaging Probe-class missions (<$1B) Flagships NWT/ATLAST (Spergel et al.) (Stapelfeldt et al.) (Seager et al.) 1.5m 1.1m 2020s 2.4m 8-16m 2030s 8

9 2020s projects for direct imaging EXO-C EXO-S WFIRST-AFTA Science case Giants to Super-Earths Spectral bandwitdh ~ nm Contrast Concept Coronagraph Starshade Coronagraph Apertures 1.5m 1.1m 2.4m Mission type H-C Dedicated Probe (<$1B) H-C Dedicated Probe (<$1B) Flagship 9

10 Some current projects for direct imaging Probe-class missions (<$1B) Flagships NWT/ATLAST (Spergel et al.) (Stapelfeldt et al.) (Seager et al.) 1.5m 1.1m 2020s 2.4m 8-16m 2030s 10

11 2030s projects for direct imaging Large UV / Optical / IR Surveyor Exo-Earth Mapper 11

12 High-contrast imaging challenges Contrasts: from to Small IWAs WFS-C DM1 Broadband Diversity of geometry apertures DM2 Pueyo et al 2014 Coronagraph FPM Post-! processing Apodiser Lyot Stop Coronagraph Exo-C WFIRST-AFTA ATLAST 12

13 Agenda How do NASA plan to answer to these questions? STScI Activities! Wavefront sensing and control (WFS&C) Coronagraphy Post-processing 13

14 Active Correction of Aperture Discontinuities (ACAD) Pueyo & Norman 2013 ACAD: pupil remapping solution from Monge-Ampere Solution (non-linear) Tradeoffs ACAD + stroke minimization (linear algorithm) - 10% bandpass Pueyo et al AFTA-like Pupil DM1 Coronagraph FPM DM2 Apodiser Lyot Stop 14

15 Novel coronagraphic designs Aperture Shaped pupil Lyot stop Intensity at λ0 before stop -2 Broadband coronagraphic intensity 10% bandwidth r i = 3.5l 0 êd mê2= 4.00l 0 êd r o = 20.0l 0 êd Intensity at λ0 after stop 10% broadband coronagraphic image Normalized intensity in log scale % central obstruction 10% bandwidth Coronagraph throughput 28% Angular separation in l 0 êd N Diaye et al., 2015a in press, 2015b in prep Carlotti et al., 2015 in prep 15

16 HICAT - Context and goals (N Diaye et al. 2013, 2014) High Contrast Imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes! Direct imaging of exoplanets with:! On-axis telescopes (central obstruction and spiders e.g. AFTA) Segmented primary mirrors (ATLAST, next-generation telescopes) Testbed goals include:! Wavefront sensing & control Pupil remapping techniques e.g. Active Compensation of Aperture Discontinuities, ACAD (Pueyo & Norman 2013) Starlight suppression techniques (coronagraphy) Project started in

17 Lyot FPM Apod IrisAO 17 17

18 Fold2 BS Fold1 Lyot FPM OAP1 CamP Lf Lp TRD8 BOS2 TRD7 BOS1 Apod PAR34 IrisAO Fiber PUP CamF OAP6 OAP5 OAP2 SPH9 Completed alignment 06/24/

19 PSFs at the Focal Plane Mask 12±3nm rms WFE over 18mm pupil after 8 OAPs/toric mirrors and 4 pupil planes Alignment by S. Egron and L. Leboulleux 06/23/

20 New challenges in PSF subtraction (Ygouf et al.) Development of a coronagraphic instrument and dedicated postprocessing methods at the same time! Contrast requirement: after post-processing. 20

21 WFIRST-AFTA like multispectral images (Ygouf, N Diaye) 21

22 WFIRST-AFTA like multispectral images (Ygouf, N Diaye) 22

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25 The ALICE project Choquet et al Reprocessing the HST-NICMOS Archive Archival Legacy Investigations of Circumstellar Environments Debris disks Protoplanetary disks Sub-stellar companion candidates Soummer et al DO Tau, F160W RX-J , F110W E N E N PV Cep, F160W HD , F110W E N N E HD , F160W TWA 7, F160W N E N E LHS 2320, F160W HD 34700, F160W E RE , F160W N E E N N V1121 Oph, F110W Proportion in line N of code E E 25 N

26 Detection with KLIP - Preliminary (Ygouf et al.) results in the context of WFIRST-AFTA Karhunen-Loève Image Projection (KLIP) Principal Component Analysis (PCA)! AFTA-like temporal sequences with fake planets 3 fake planets detected Separations between 3.5 and 4.2 λ/d Preliminary results 10 Contrast gain of 5 on this data set Estimated Neptune- like spectrum 5 Unprocessed PSF After KLIP level of residual speckles (Arbitrary normalization) Gain of 5 on contrast Angular separation [ /D] 26

27 Conclusions STScI activities in high-contrast are fully included in US spatial mission projects Challenges in all fields of high-contrast imaging techniques: Wavefront sensing and control (WFS&C) Coronography Post-processing STScI committed to address these issues jointly with the HiCAT project amongst other things 27

28 Check out the EPSIG Team Blog! Staff Post-doc & Grad Students Makidon Lab Rachel Lajoie Team Marshall Perrin Mamadou N'Diaye Elodie Choquet Charles Lajoie Johan Mazoyer Rémi Soummer Laurent Pueyo Christine Chen Marie Ygouf David Golimowski Jackie Radigan Anand Sivaramakrishnan Alex Greenbaum Schuyler Wolff Students Dean Hines John Debes Jonathan Aguilar, Bin Ren 28 Abhijith Rajan, Olivier Levecq, Sylvain Egron, Lucie Leboulleux, J. Brendan Hagan, Elena Gofas Salas 28