Polarimetry and spectral imaging of mature Jupiter and super-earth with SEE-COAST
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1 Polarimetry and spectral imaging of mature Jupiter and super-earth with SEE-COAST Jean Schneider, A. Boccaletti, P. Baudoz, R. Galicher, R. Gratton, D. Stam et al. & E. Pantin,
2 Complementarity of techniques Transit SPECTRA & POLARIZATION DATA Direct imaging
3 Ground/space complementarity We are here Space-based > Ground-based
4 Ground/space complementarity HST We are here Space-based > m + OA Silla, CFH 8m + OA VLT, Keck, Gemini Ground-based
5 Ground/space complementarity HST We are here Space-based > m + OA Silla, CFH 8m + OA VLT, Keck, Gemini 8m + XAO SPHERE / GPI / HICIAO NIR : EGPs young/massive/nearby Ground-based
6 Ground/space complementarity HST We are here Space-based > m + OA Silla, CFH 8m + OA VLT, Keck, Gemini 8m + XAO SPHERE / GPI / HICIAO NIR : EGPs young/massive/nearby 30/42m + XAO EPICS, METIS etc with ELTs NIR : EGPs intermediate Old + Super-Earth? Ground-based
7 Ground/space complementarity HST We are here Space-based SPICA MIR: Old EGPs JWST NIR + MIR: Old EGPs > m + OA Silla, CFH 8m + OA VLT, Keck, Gemini 8m + XAO SPHERE / GPI / HICIAO NIR : EGPs young/massive/nearby 30/42m + XAO EPICS, METIS etc with ELTs NIR : EGPs intermediate Old + Super-Earth? Ground-based
8 Ground/space complementarity We are here HST Space-based? SPICA MIR: Darwin/TPF-I Old EGPs MIR: Earth TPF-C Vis: Earth JWST? NIR + MIR: Old EGPs m + OA Silla, CFH > m + OA 8m + XAO 30/42m + XAO VLT, Keck, SPHERE / GPI / HICIAO EPICS, METIS, etc with ELTs Gemini NIR : EGPs young/massive/nearby NIR : EGPs intermediate Old + Super-Earth? Ground-based SEE-COAST UCF Orlando 8
9 Ground/space complementarity We are here HST? Space-based SPICA MIR: Darwin/TPF-I Old EGPs Opportunity for space projects NIR + MIR: Old EGPs m + OA Silla, CFH TPF-C Vis: Earth Visible light JWST MIR: Earth Old giants & super-earths ? > m + OA 8m + XAO 30/42m + XAO VLT, Keck, SPHERE / GPI / HICIAO EPICS, METIS, etc with ELTs Gemini? NIR : EGPs young/massive/nearby NIR : EGPs intermediate Old + Super-Earth? Ground-based SEE-COAST UCF Orlando 9
10 Ground/space complementarity We are here HST Space-based? SPICA MIR: Old EGPs Darwin/TPF-I MIR: Earth TPF-C Vis: Earth JWST m + OA Silla, CFH NIR + MIR: SEE COAST Vis/NIR Old EGPs Old Jupiter + Super Earth > m + OA 8m + XAO 30/42m + XAO VLT, Keck, SPHERE / GPI / HICIAO EPICS, PFI, etc with ELTs Gemini? NIR : EGPs intermediate NIR : EGPs young/massive/nearby Old + Super-Earth? Ground-based SEE-COAST UCF Orlando 10
11 What SEE-COAST will characterize : What's expected : Mature Jupiter (>1 Gyr) Super - Earth Brighter Atmosphere, climate Variations, habitability Around nearby star Exo-zodiacal and debris disk And unexpected objects! Stay open-minded (cf. hot Jupiter in 1995)
12 Spectroscopy : chemical composition Solid planets Giant planets
13 Polarimetry : physical informations Jupiter-like planet - Stam et al Earth-like planet - Stam et al Spectrum A=0 ocean Polarization cloud vegetation A=1
14 Spectroscopy Polarimetry Variability - Spectral time variation => variation of temperature Cloud free Earth from 0.65 to 0.9 µm 0.75 µm => surface properties - Polarimetric time variation => surface properties µm 50 Phase angle
15 How many detections?
16 How many detections? 1e-9 1e-10
17 How many detections? contrast Requirements : Small inner working angles 1e-9 1e-10
18 SEE-COAST proposed to ESA Cosmic Vision Parameter Value Hyperbolic secondary mirror 4,85m long Entrance pupil diameter D > 1.5m Angular resolution µm Contrast (after speckle 2 λ /D < 10-9 Contrast (after speckle 4 λ /D < Orbit for 6 months visibility, L2 Lagrangian high thermal stability Two folding mirrors Parabolic primary mirror Focal plane SEE-COAST UCF Orlando Submitted in 2007 to ESA Cosmic Vision 18
19 SEE-COAST : optical concept 1) Coronagraphy 2) Wavefront control (a few nm rms from science image) 3) Polarization+Spectral Differential imaging 1) visible light channel ( µm): 2 polarimetric arms 2) Near-IR channel ( µm): no polarimetry
20 Main component I: Achromatic Coronagraph Laboratory "planet" Contrast : Δλ/λ= 20% Visible light at 4.5λ/D Multi-stage four quadrant phase mask coronagraph Baudoz et al. 2007, 08
21 Main component II: Wavefront correction 2 stages WFS: 1st stage : Classical WFS+DM (~1 nm rms residuals) 2nd stage : Phase correction in coronagraphic image : wavefront error reduced by 100, spurious speckles by a factor (speckles nulling). 2 DMs concept is preferred (and envisioned) Speckle nulling in a limited FOV with a DM (JPL, Trauger & Traub, 07)
22 Main component III : Integral Field Spectrometer (R=40-80) Wavelength Field position
23 Main component IV : Reject efficiently spurious star speckles 1) differential polarimetry 2) spectral deconvolution (aberrations scale with λ)) 3) Self-coherent method (Baudoz, 07) Field position Wavelength Wavelength
24 Summary SEE COAST requires : High contrast : AND small IWA : 2 λ/d SEE COAST can get : low res spectra of mature giants < 20pc (< 8-10 AU) colors of a few mature Super Earths < 10pc (< 4-5 AU) possibly Earths around the nearest star (α Cen) low res spectra of self luminous planets (extension to near IR) SEE COAST is : Compatible with general astrophysics (pushing to UV, wide field?) Compatible with transit spectroscopy additional targets (unresolved planets) & complements IR transit characterization programs Next steps in the project : refine some science cases and simulations (statistical analysis) elaborate optical design with industrial partners (Astrium) + derive tolerances technological developments in coronagraphy and wavefront control get prepared for next COSMIC VISION proposal (2010)
Polarimetry and spectral imaging of mature Jupiter and super Earth SEE COAST
Polarimetry and spectral imaging of mature Jupiter and super Earth SEE COAST Jean Schneider, A. Boccaletti, P. Baudoz, G. Tinetti, D. Stam, R. Gratton,... Eth Zurich Univ. of Leiden Univ. Amsterdam CSL
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