Quantum manipulation of NV centers in diamond

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Quantum manipulation of NV centers in diamond 12.09.

Andreas Albrect, M. B. Plenio,Fedor Jelezko, P. London, R. Fisher,B. Nayedonov, L.

1 Quantum manipulation of NV centers in diamond The University of Virginia Physics Colloquium Alex Retzker Jianming Cai, Andreas Albrect, M. B. Plenio,Fedor Jelezko, P. London, R. Fisher,B. Nayedonov, L. Mcguiness, Guy Koplovitz, Shira Yochelis,Danny Porath, Yuval Nevo, Oded Shoseyov, Yossi Paltiel, Paz London. Ran Fischer NJP (2013), Nature Physics 9, 168 (2013) PRL. 111, (2013), NJP (2014) B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E

, Science 329, 542 (2010) Quantum devices

for cellular imaging Biosensor technology

2 Scanning probe magnetometer Quantum computing/simulations P. Neumann et al., Science 329, 542 (2010) Quantum devices and photonics G. Balasubramanian, et al. Nature 455, 648 (2008) J.Maze, et al, Nature 455, 644 (2008) R. Kolesov et al. Nat. Phys. 5, 470 (2009) NV in diamond Nanodiamonds for cellular imaging Biosensor technology & Molecular Spin sensors L. C. L. Hollenberg, et al, Nature Nanotec 6, 358 (2011).

Diamond 5 m The Color is given by the color centers Isotope: 99.

resolution) CVD reactor: University Paris XIII (Villtaneuse) J.

3 Diamond 5 m The Color is given by the color centers Isotope: % 12 C Concentration of impurities: below cm -3 (optical resolution) CVD reactor: University Paris XIII (Villtaneuse) J. Achard D. Twitchen, Element 6 Ltd Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 3

Early work: Manson, Glasbeek, Hemmer (ensembles) Single center detection Gruber A

4 Color Centers Nitrogen-Vacancy color center excited state 3 E 1 A ground state 3 A m S = ±1 } e-spin m S = 0 Optical excitation: read out and initialization: 96% Early work: Manson, Glasbeek, Hemmer (ensembles) Single center detection Gruber A et al., Science (1997) Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 4

Laser 30 % ESR of single N-V defect APD Single NV-Centers 2800 3000 MW

5 Fluorescence, a. u. Fluorescence [a.u.] Single spin deteciton A Ambient condition = Room temperature! No vacuum! Laser 30 % ESR of single N-V defect APD Single NV-Centers MW frequency [MHz] MW frequency, MHz Diamond surface Microwave and Radiofrequency A Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 5

, Science 326, 1520 (2009) figure of merit: Phase memory time T 2 *=110µs, T 2 =2.

6 fluorescence intensity [a.u.] Coherent control I time /2 0,00 0,05 0,10 microwave pulselength [ s] m S =+1-1 m S =0 MW Jelezko et al., PRL 2004, Epstein Nat. Phys (2005), Childress Science (2006) up to GHz control, Fuchs et al., Science 326, 1520 (2009) figure of merit: Phase memory time T 2 *=110µs, T 2 =2.6 ms (e6) ultrapure CVD diamonds (no electron spins) 10 6 Rabi oscillations within T 2 Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 6

spin (in diamond at room temperature) Neumann et al.

7 Single shot readout single nuclear spin Repetitive QND measurements reveal quantum jumps of a single nuclear spin (in diamond at room temperature) Neumann et al., Science 2010 Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 7

8 Ramsey magnetometer Zeeman Shift + e iwt Measurement error Total time Coherence time Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 8

NV center in diamond as a nano-scale quantum sensor o o o o Chemical and thermal stability Optical readout of spin state Coherent control with microwave Long coherence time: spin bath o Non-toxic:

9 NV center in diamond as a nano-scale quantum sensor o o o o Chemical and thermal stability Optical readout of spin state Coherent control with microwave Long coherence time: spin bath o Non-toxic: biological/medical application How to detect a single nucleus? o o Long measurement time: small magnetic moment Single out the target nucleus from environment noise J. R. Maze, et al, Nature 455, 644 (2008). G. Balasubramanian, et al, Nature 455, 648 (2008). Our proposal: Continuously driven diamond spin sensor Single molecule magnetic resonance spectroscopy Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 9

12 Decoherence of NV centers in diamond NV Center paramagnetic spin-1/2 nitrogen donors 13 C isotopic impurity spin-1/2 nuclear spins Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 12

13 SIGNAL NV in diamond

14 Measure position of a single nucleus: Idea r ˆr A = ( g 3r 2 z +1)ĥ q 0,f 0 ( ) Prob e Direction of the field Dipole - Dipole o Flip-flop process between NV sensor and target system S(t) = ( ) éë 1+ cos Jt ù û ( ) J = 1 é 4 g(r) 3rz2 +1ù 1- ĥ ˆb ë û Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 14

Experimental setup and procedure Magnetic Field of 0.

The sequence is repeated ~10 5 times to average

15 Experimental setup and procedure Magnetic Field of 0.54T. Nuclear 13 C energy scale (Larmor frequency) at this field is ~6MHz. We apply the spin-locking sequence. The sequence is repeated ~10 5 times to average photons statistics. light Initialize NV center s spin Let the spins interact Readout NV center s spin Microwave

16 Experiment Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 16

17 Experiment Precision of 0.5 Angstrom Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 17

18 I PL (Rabi-normalized) Experiment Detecting and polarizing nuclear spins Experimental results Outside the double resonance, the NV center s spin is locked and decoupled from the environment At resonance, we witness oscillations of population between the spins Locking time ( sec) 18 Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 18

19 Polarizing Nuclei using Hartmann-Hahn sequence Polarization Direct measurements We can actually play with polarization by controlling the rates of the two sequences Alternating Or Polarize /2 [ s] /2 Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 20

20 Detecting and polarizing nuclear spins

21 Analong Quantum simulator Proposed by Feynman in 1982 Much easier than a quantum computer since does not require the usual error correction but a simplified version of it? Virginia I I Folie: 22

Digital Quantum Simulator Seth Lloyd 1996 The idea behind this is the trotter decomposition and BCH For two noncommuting operators e ieh 1 e-ieh 2 ¹

22 Digital Quantum Simulator Seth Lloyd 1996 The idea behind this is the trotter decomposition and BCH For two noncommuting operators e ieh 1 e-ieh 2 ¹ ( eie H 1 - H 2) However in the limit: Coherent control: e eh 1 +eh 2 = e eh 1 eeh 2 e-e 2 [ ] e e 3 ()... 2 H 1,H 2 Virginia I I Folie: 23

23 Quantum Simulator: spin arrays Single spin readout Coherent interaction Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 24

24 Magnetic dipole coupled spin arrays dip B 0 3cos 1 4 r 2 3 Challenge: creation and addressing single qubits Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 25

25 Bulck Diamond Precision is limited by 1μm with regular implantation However, for dipole dipole interaction a distance of 10 nm is necessary Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 26

Diamond-based quantum simulator: architecture Wolfgang Pauli: God made the bulk; the surface was invented by the devil Fluorine nuclear spins (directly linked to diamond or linked to a graphene

26 Diamond-based quantum simulator: architecture Wolfgang Pauli: God made the bulk; the surface was invented by the devil Fluorine nuclear spins (directly linked to diamond or linked to a graphene sheet) Electron and nuclear spin arrays in diamond (P donor, 13 C) J.-M. Cai, AR, Fedor Jelezko, Martin B. Plenio, Nature Physics 9, 168 (2013) NV center in nuclear spin free 12 C diamond Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 27

27 Diamond-based quantum simulator: architecture (a) (111) surface g a =6.8kHz (b) (100) surface J.-M. Cai,, Fedor Jelezko, Martin B. Plenio, Nature Physics 9, 168 (2013) Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 28

28 Nuclear spin quantum simulator on diamond surface! $ # % " % # &! ' #( ) # *! +#( ) # ±1! " # 0 Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 29

29 Rothemund s idea: DNA origami Nature, 440, (2006) Virginia Physics ColloquiumI I Folie: 30

30 DNA origami and gold Figure 1. Assembly of DNA o ed. A is represented as CD signal Virginia Physics ColloquiumI I Folie: 31

31 SP1 and gold Oded Shoseyov and Danny Porath Virginia Physics ColloquiumI I Folie: 32

32 SP1 and NV Andreas Albrecht, AR, Guy Koplovitz, Fedor Jelezko, Shira Yochelis, Danny Porath, Yuval Nevo, Oded Shoseyov, Yossi Paltiel, and Martin B Plenio arxiv: Virginia Physics ColloquiumI I Folie: 33

33 The Spin lattice noise decoupling Dipolar coupling Coherence time Rabi frequency of driving/ decoupling In principle very versatile as a large set of Hamiltonians could be created digitally Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 34

Summary NV probe for measuring nuclear spin states Quantum microscope Readout a single nuclear (electron) spin state: quantum information processing Selective coupling Sensitivity limit : approaching

34 Summary NV probe for measuring nuclear spin states Quantum microscope Readout a single nuclear (electron) spin state: quantum information processing Selective coupling Sensitivity limit : approaching to T 1 Probe many-body physics: towards a large-scale quantum simulator A new platform based on NVs for quantum simulations Complementary advantages to the other physical systems Virginia Physics Colloquium I I Folie: 35

35 Thank you! B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E

Quantum technologies based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: towards applications in (quantum) biology

Quantum technologies based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: towards applications in (quantum) biology 3 E 532 nm 1 2δω 1 Δ ESR 0 1 A 1 3 A 2 Microwaves 532 nm polarization Pulse sequence detection