Index. breakdown voltage 50 bremsstrahlung 64 Budker parameter 140 bump-in-tail instability 173 buneman instability 172

Transcription

1 209 Index a accelerating point charge frequency spectrum of radiation 59 adiabatic invariant 97 Alfvén current 141 ionization 46 ionizing flows 138 speed 29 transittime 27 transverse shock 147 wave cold plasma 126 instability 161 MHD 121 Alfvén s theorem 130 ambipolar diffusion 42 inamagneticfield 43 multispecies 42 atomic ground states 11 atomic lines 12 atomic notation 9 azimuthal quantum number 10 b bands molecular 15 beam perveance 142 beam-plasma instability 172 beams 139 Bennett relation 158 Bernoulli s equation 136 Bernstein mode 127 Bohm criterion 37 boltzmann collision term 81 Boltzmann equation 75 Born Oppenheimer approximation 14 Braginskii transport coefficients 101 breakdown criterion 49 breakdown voltage 50 bremsstrahlung 64 Budker parameter 140 bump-in-tail instability 173 buneman instability 172 c charge density Child Langmuir law 37 Child law 37 classical electron radius 67 cold plasma Alfvén wave 114 circularly polarized waves 112 cut-off 114 dielectric tensor 110 dispersion relation 110 electron cyclotron wave 115 extraordinary wave 115 fast Alfvén wave 116 ion cyclotron wave 115 model equations 108 ordinary wave 115 oscillations 111 resonance 114 whistler wave 115 collision binary 90 coulomb 31 binary 90 multiple 91 elastic 90 inelastic 90 transformation 90 collision cross-section 30 collision frequency 27 collision term Boltzmann 81 Plasma Formulary for Physics, Astronomy, and Technology, Second Edition. Declan A. Diver WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Published 2013 by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

2 210 Index Fokker Planck 82 Krook 82 collision time 27, 100 collisional modeling 81 Compton scattering 70 Compton shift 70 Compton wavelength of electron 70 conductivity Braginskii 104 electrical 99 Spitzer 100 thermal 99 contact discontinuity 147 Couette flow 134 Cowling s theorem 130 cross product 177 cross-section Compton scattering 71 Klein Nishina 71 Rutherford 30 Thomson 67 curl eigenfunctions 188 current density cyclotron emission 63 cyclotron emission line 63 cyclotron frequency 27 cyclotron radiation 60 power in harmonic 62 spectralpowerdensity 61 total radiated power 62 cylindrical beam infinite magnetic field 143 no external fields 142 cylindrical equilibria 158 d Debye length 28 dielectric constant 32 dielectric tensor 110 diffusion ambipolar 42 Fick slaw 40 diffusion coefficient 99 diffusion parameters 40 dispersion measure 113 distribution function 74 Druyvesteyn 85 in presence of electric field 83 Maxwellian 75 moments 74 div dot product 177 double-adiabatic instability 161 double layer 39 Dreicer field 174 drift E B 95 curvature 96 diamagnetic 96 externalforce 96 finite larmor radius 95 inelectromagneticwave 97 rb 95 drift velocity 95 drift wave instability 169 Druyvesteyn distribution function 85 dyad 177 e effective ion charge 100 Einstein coefficient 13 electric field moving point charge 55 electrical conductivity 99 electromagetic equations 2, 3, 203 electromagnetic boundary conditions 3 electron affinities gas-phase atoms and molecules 8 electron attachment 48 electron Compton wavelength 70 electron cyclotron wave 115 electron heat flux Braginskii 103 electron positron transport coefficients 104 electron radius 67 electron runaway 174 electron spin 11 electrostatic waves 123 energy distribution function 74 energy probability function 74 equilibrium Bennett relation 158 cylindrical 158 distribution function 75 dynamical (solar wind) 137 fluid plasma 157 force-free 158

3 Index 211 general definition 156 local thermodynamic 50 metastable solutions of Vlasov equation 80 Taylor 158 extraordinary mode f Faraday rotation 112 fast magnetic shock 147 general case 151 perpendicular shock 150 Ferraro s theorem 130 Fick s law 40 field-aligned flow 135 firehose instability 161 flow Couette 134 field-aligned 135 Hartmann 132 hydromagnetic 131 Poiseuille 133 flute instability 163 Fokker Planck collision term 82 Fokker Planck potentials 83 force-free equilibrium 158 form factor 69 frequency spectrum accelerating charge 59 frozen-in field 130 g Gauss theorem 183 generalized Margenau distribution 83 generalized perveance 142 grad gravitational instability 162 Green s theorem 184 guiding center 94 h Hartmann flow 132 Hartmann number 32, 133 HCD 18 heat flux electron 103 ion 103 hollow cathode discharge 18 hot plasma Bernstein mode 127 O-mode 127 X-mode 127 hydromagnetic jump conditions 145 hydromagnetic shocks 145 i impact parameter 90 instability beam-plasma 172 bump-in-tail 173 Dreicer 174 firehose 161 flute 163 gravitational 162 interchange 163 ion-acoustic 174 Kelvin Helmholtz 164 kink 164 Kruskal Schwarzschild 162 pinch 164 Rayleigh Taylor 162 resistive drift wave 169 resistive wall 170 sausage 164 two-stream 172 integral theorems 183 interchange instability 163 intermediate shock 147 invariant adiabatic 97 longitudinal 97 magneticmoment 97 ion-acoustic instability 174 ion-acoustic shock 153 ion acoustic speed 124 ion-acoustic waves 123 ion cyclotron wave 115 ion heat flux Braginskii 103 ionization Alfvén 46 Townsend s first coefficient 43 Townsend s second coefficient 48 ionization energies gas-phase atoms and molecules 6 ionizing flow 138 Ionosphere table of parameters 21, 203 k Kelvin Helmholtz instability 164

4 212 Index Kelvin s vorticity theorem 131 kink instability 164 Klein Nishina cross-section 71 Knudsen number 32 Kronecker delta 14 krook collision term 82 Kruskal Schwarzschild instability 162 Kruskal Shafranov condition 166 l Landau damping 123 Langmuir oscillations 123 Langmuir waves 123 laplacian Larmor formula 56 Larmor radius 29 lines atomic 12 Liénard Wiechert potentials 54 local thermodynamic equilibrium 50 longitudinal invariant 97 Lorentz transformations 3 Lorentzian conductivity 100 Lorentzian gas 92 Lorentzian resistivity 100 LTE 50 Lundquist number 33 m magnetic bottle 98 magnetic field moving point charge 55 magnetic mirror 98 magnetic moment 31 magnetic quantum number 11 magneto-acoustic mode 121 magnetosonic modes 121 matrix complex conjugate 184 determinant 186 eigenvalue 187 Hermitian 187 idempotent 185 nilpotent 185 orthogonal 185 partitioned 186 skew-hermitian 187 skew-symmetric 185 symmetric 185 trace 186 transpose 184 triangular 185 unitary 188 Matrix algebra 184 Maxwell Boltzmann Jüttner distribution 77 Maxwellian 75 relaxation times 92 Maxwell s electromagnetic equations 2, 3, 203 mean energy relativistic Maxwellian 78 mean free path 28 Mercier criterion 169 MHD Alfvén wave 121 dispersion relation 120 magnetosonic mode 121 validity criteria 119 MHD generator 134 microdischarge 18 minimum sparking potential 50 mirror ratio 98 mobility 31, 41, 99 mobility tensor 31 mode conversion 192 molecular bands 15 molecular spectra 15 molecular term 14 moments of distribution function 74 momentum momentum transfer Braginskii 102 moving point charge electricfield 55 magneticfield 55 power radiated 56 radiation 54 multiplet 12 n Navier Stokes equation 131 negative inertia 136 negative ion 8 o O-Mode Ohm s Law general 117 single fluid 119

5 Index 213 orbital quantum number 10 Ordinary mode p parallel shock 148 Paschen law 49 Pauli Principle 9 perveance 142 phase integral method 191 pitch angle 98 plasma beam 139 plasma column resonances 159 plasma cylinder surface waves 160 plasma dispersion function 194 Plasma frequency 26 plasma oscillations 123 maximum amplitude 111 plasma pump 134 Plasma Transport 89 Poiseuille flow 133 ponderomotive force 97 power radiated accelerating point charge 56 principal quantum number 10 q quantum angular momentum 12 quantum number azimuthal 10 magnetic 11 principal 10 quantum vector resultant 12 r radiation moving point charge 54 radiation scattering coherent 69 Compton 70 incoherent 68 Klein Nishina 71 Thomson 65 Thomson cross-section 67 Rankine Hugoniot relations 146 Rayleigh Taylor instability 162 reduced mass 90 relativistic Maxwellian 77 relativistic temperature 77 relativity special 3 resistive streaming instability 170 resistive timescale 28 resistive wall instability 170 resistivity Braginskii 104 Krook 99 Lorentzian 100 Spitzer 100 resonance plasma column 159 rotation measure 113 runaway electrons 174 Rutherford scattering 31 s safety factor 166 sausage instability 164 scattering Compton 70 formfactor 69 Schott Trubnikov formula 61 selection rules atoms 13 molecular transition 15 sgn 147 sheath Bohm criterion 37 equation 37 number density 36 planar 36 shock classification 147 compressive 146 contact discontinuity 147 expansive 146 fast magnetic 147 hydromagnetic 145 hydromagnetic jump conditions 145 intermediate 147 ion-acoustic 153 noncompressive 146 parallel 148 slow magnetic 148 transverse Alfvén 147 signum function 147 single fluid variables 119 skin depth 29 slow magnetic shock 148 general case 152 solar plasma parameters 21, 138 solar wind 136 sparking criterion 49 special relativity 3 spectral lines 12

6 214 Index speed most probable relativistic distribution 77 spin electron 11 Spitzer conductivity 100 Spitzer Härm conductivity 100 spurious entry stability Kruskal Shafranov 166 Mercier criterion 169 metaequilibria 81 Suydam criterion 169 Stokes theorem 183 Stoletow point 46 streaming instability 172 Suydam criterion 169 synchrotron emission 63 synchrotron radiation 60 total radiated power 62 t Taylor equilibrium 158 temperature relativistic 77 term notation molecule 14 thermal conductivity 99 thermodynamic equilibrium local 50 Thomson scattering 65 coherent 69 cross-section 67 differential cross-section 67 incoherent 68 time Alfvéntransit 27 collision 27 resistive 28 tokamak 19 Townsend breakdown criterion 49 current multiplication factor 44 Townsend ionization firstcoefficient 43 second coefficient 48 transport Braginskii coefficients 101 electron positron 104 transport coefficients 99 transverse Alfvén shock 147 two-stream instability 172 v vector cross product 177 dot product 177 dyad 177 vector algebra 177 vector calculus 178 Cartesian coordinates 178 curl cylindrical coordinates 179 div grad laplacian spherical coordinates 181 velocity viscosity 99 Vlasov equation 79 vorticity evolution 132 vorticity stretching 132 w wave scattering 189 whistler wave 115 WKB asymptotic solutions 191 reflection coefficient 192 transmission coefficient 192 WKB method 191 Wronskian 190 x X-Mode