Optical Imaging. Optical Imaging
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1 Opticl Imgig Mirror Lee Imgig Itrumet eye cmer microcope telecope... imgig Wve Optic Opticl Imgig relectio or rerctio c crete imge o oject ielly, ec oject poit mp to imge poit exmple: urce o till lke relectio: tree ky rerctio: i virtul imge curve urce mgiictio projectio imgig Wve Optic
2 Ple Mirror equl imge, oject itce ig covetio oject imge o mgiictio y y y M T y uprigt, virtul imge - imgig Wve Optic 3 Spericl Mirror α β φ t β t α t φ prxil pproximtio: α β φ mirror ormul >0 or cocve, <0 or covex imgig Wve Optic 4
3 Spericl Mirror: Focl Poit pecil ce:,, eie ocl legt ig covetio cocve: >0 covex: <0 mirror (lo le!) ormul cocve mirror: ry coverge to ocl poit covex mirror: ry iverge rom ocl poit imgig Wve Optic 5 Spericl Mirror Exmple: A m ce i 0 cm rom te vertex o cocve vig mirror wit 8 cm riu o curvture. Were i te imge o i ce locte? I i otril re cm prt, ow r prt re tey i te imge? I e ck wy util e i 75 cm rom te mirror, ecrie te ew imge (poitio, ize, oriettio, type). imgig Wve Optic 6 3
4 Mirror: y Trcig ry i prllel to opticl xi out troug ocl poit ry C i troug ocl poit out prllel to opticl xi ry 3 i troug ceter o curvture out troug ceter o curvture ry 4 ito vertex out t me gle to opticl xi F < < M T > virtul imge imgig Wve Optic 7 Mirror: Mgiictio y - y lterl mgiictio M T > mgiie M T < emgiie ig covetio M T >0 uprigt M T <0 iverte -y y M T y imgig Wve Optic 8 4
5 Mirror: y Trcig ry i prllel to opticl xi out troug ocl poit ry i troug ocl poit out prllel to opticl xi ry 3 i troug ceter o curvture out troug ceter o curvture ry 4 ito vertex out t me gle to opticl xi -y C y F > > > < M T rel imge imgig Wve Optic 9 Mirror: y Trcig Mgiictio ry i prllel to opticl xi out troug ocl poit ry i troug ocl poit out prllel to opticl xi ry 3 i troug ceter o curvture out troug ceter o curvture ry 4 ito vertex out t me gle to opticl xi y C F -y > < 0 > M T rel imge > imgig Wve Optic 0 5
6 Spericl Mirror Exmple: You look ito ilvery pericl Critm tree ormet wit imeter o 7.0 cm. I your ce i 36.0 cm wy rom te urce o te ormet, ecrie it imge (poitio, ize, oriettio, type). imgig Wve Optic Spericl Mirror Exmple: Te rigt rerview mirror o your cr prouce (uprigt) imge o cr tt re mller t i te mirror were lt. I te mirror cocve or covex? I cr 8.8 m wy pper oe-l teir ctul ize, wt i te riu o curvture o te mirror? imgig Wve Optic 6
7 Aperic Mirror pplictio imgig perect o xi poor o-xi o-imgig proloil mirror eligt olr collector ellipoil mirror ligt collectio imgig Wve Optic 3 ocu oject/imge rel/virtul covergig/ivergig cocve/covex mgiictio Termiology imgig Wve Optic 4 7
8 8 imgig Wve Optic 5 erctio t Spericl Iterce prxil pproximtio: >0 or covex towr oject, <0 or cocve towr oject φ φ β β α α t t t ) ( ) ( φ β α θ θ β θ φ α φ θ imgig Wve Optic 6 Lee two pericl urce eprte y irt urce: eco urce: ti-le pproximtio ( ) ( ) wit 0, 0 < > 0, 0 > <
9 Ti Lee: Focl Poit two ocl poit: imge ocu, oject ocu, - imgig Wve Optic 7 - Ti Lee Exmple: A tmp collector ue covergig le wit ocl legt 4 cm to view tmp 8 cm i rot o te le. Were i te imge o te tmp locte? Wt i it mgiictio? imgig Wve Optic 8 9
10 Ti Lee: y Trcig ry i prllel to opticl xi out troug (imge) ocl poit ry i troug (oject) ocl poit out prllel to opticl xi ry 3 i troug ceter o le out i me irectio F F < < M T > virtul imge imgig Wve Optic 9 Ti Lee: Mgiictio y - lterl mgiictio M T > mgiie M T < emgiie -y ig covetio M T >0 uprigt M T <0 iverte y M T y imgig Wve Optic 0 0
11 Ti Lee: y Trcig F ry i prllel to opticl xi out troug (imge) ocl poit ry i troug (oject) ocl poit out prllel to opticl xi ry 3 i troug ceter o le out i me irectio F > > > < M T rel imge imgig Wve Optic Ti Lee: y Trcig ry i prllel to opticl xi out troug (imge) ocl poit ry i troug (oject) ocl poit out prllel to opticl xi ry 3 i troug ceter o le out i me irectio F F > < 0 > M T rel imge > imgig Wve Optic
12 Ti Lee Exmple: A covergig le wit ocl legt o 0.0 cm orm rel imge.0 cm tll, 4.0 cm to te rigt o te le. Determie te poitio ize o te oject. I te imge erect or iverte? imgig Wve Optic 3 Ti Lee Exmple: How r rom 50-mm le mut oject e plce i it imge i to e mgiie y ctor e rel? virtul? imgig Wve Optic 4
13 Ti Lee Exmple: Etimte te ocl legt o te le i te overe projector. I te imge rel or virtul? imgig Wve Optic 5 Ti Lee Exmple: Te Su imeter i.4x0 6 km it i.5x0 8 km wy. Wt i te ize o te imge o te Su you c project oto piece o pper uig covergig le wit ocl legt o 8 mm 50 mm 00 mm imgig Wve Optic 6 3
14 Imgig Itrumet eye cmer telecope mgiier microcope imgig Wve Optic 7 elemet ligt-tigt ox covergig le ilm utter jutmet le-ilm itce -umer /# D ocl legt: zoom le (utter pee) Cmer imgig Wve Optic 8 4
15 Cmer Exmple: A typicl 35 mm cmer ue covergig le wit 50 mm ocl legt to orm rel imge o 4x36 mm re o ilm. How r rom te ilm oul te le e plce to potogrp.75 m tll rie tig 4.75 m wy? Will te etire imge it o te ilm? Oter commoly ville ocl legt or cmer lee re 8, 35, 85, 00, 35, 00, 300 mm. Wic oul you cooe i you wt to potogrp cterl 00 m tll y 50 m wie t itce o 0 m ve it ill mot o te picture re? imgig Wve Optic 9 Eye tructure reemle cmer core (mi rerctive urce) pupil le reti ccomotio: orte le ocu r poit relxe le ielly t iiity er poit mximum le curvture typicl vlue 0 5 cm imgig Wve Optic 30 5
16 erctig Telecope view itt oject (t let) two lee ojective eyepiece (oculr) coiciet ocl poit θ θ oject imge ot t iiity gulr mgiictio: MP θ θ ligt gterig power imgig Wve Optic 3 Mgiier mgiy ery oject mx gulr ize witout mgiier y θ 0 mx gulr ize wit mgiier y θ gulr mgiictio 0 M A θ θ θ θ y y errtio o imple le limit mgiictio imgig Wve Optic 3 6
17 mgiy ery oject o-coiciet ocu mgiyig power MP Compou Microcope L 0 T A tr tue legt L60 mm typicl er poit 0 0 i umericl perture etermie imge rigte NA M i M i θ mx» c ve NA> imgig Wve Optic 33 Microcope Exmple: Te ojective eyepiece o microcope ve ocl legt o.6 cm.5 cm, repectively, re locte.6 cm prt. Te il imge i orme t iiity. Wt i te itce rom te ojective to te oject eig viewe? Wt i te mgiictio prouce y te ojective? Wt i te overll mgiictio o te microcope? imgig Wve Optic 34 7
18 Compou Lee i prctice, lee ote ve multiple rerctive urce cmer le microcope ojective (Hect, Fig 5-00) imgig Wve Optic 35 Compou Lee eve like ti lee wit itce meure rom pricipl ple reviit pproximtio: ti le prxil H H - - imgig Wve Optic 36 8
19 9 imgig Wve Optic 37 Compou Lee Exmple: A imple zoom le coit o two ti lee, covergig le wit ocl legt 0 cm, ollowe y ivergig le wit ocl legt 5 cm. Te itce etwee te lee i jutle rom 0 to 7 cm. Fi te eective ocl legt te loctio o te pricipl poit we te le eprtio i 5 cm. Wt le eprtio i eee to cieve eective ocl legt o 5 cm? imgig Wve Optic 38 Tick Lee reviit ti le pproximtio exct i itce meure rom pricipl ple ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) -
20 reviit prxil pproximtio Le Aerrtio cromtic errtio (iex ocl legt epe o wvelegt) moocromtic errtio pericl errtio (o xi) com, tigmtim, iel curvture, itortio multielemet lee re eige to remove errtio imgig Wve Optic 39 0
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