PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND CHANGES

Transcription

1 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND CHANGES Name Key PHYSICAL PROPERTY CHEMICAL PROPERTY 1. observed with senses 1. indicates how a substance 2. determined without destroying matter reacts with something else 2. matter will be changed into a new substance after the reaction Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical property (P): 1. blue color 2. density 3. flammability (burns) 4. solubility (dissolves) 5. reacts with acid 6. supports combustion 7. sour taste 8. melting point 9. reacts with water 10. hardness 11. boiling point 12. luster 13. odor 14. reacts with air PHYSICAL CHANGE CHEMICAL CHANGE 1. a change in size, shape, or state 1. a change in the physical and 2. no new substance is formed chemical properties 2. a new substance is formed Identify the following as physical (P) or chemical (C) changes. 1. NaCl (Table Salt) dissolves in water. 9. Milk sours. 2. Ag (Silver) tarnishes. 10. Sugar dissolves in water. 3. An apple is cut. 11. Wood rots. 4. Heat changes H 2 O to steam. 12. Pancakes cook. 5. Baking soda reacts to vinger. 13. Grass grows. 6. Fe (Iron) rusts. 14. A tire is inflated. 7. Alcohol evaporates. 15. Food is digested. 8. Ice melts. 16. Paper towel absorbs water. Physical and Chemical Changes Part A Can you recognize the chemical and physical changes that happen all around us? If you change the way something looks, but haven t made a new substance, a physical change (P) has occurred. If the substance has been changes into another substance, a chemical change (C) has occurred. 1. An ice cube is placed in the sun. Later there is a puddle of water. Later still the puddle is gone. 2. Two chemical are mixed together and a gas is produce. 3. A bicycle changes color as it rusts. 4. A solid is crushed to a powder. 5. Two substances are mixed and light is produced. 6. A piece of ice melts and reacts with sodium. 7. Mixing salt and pepper. 8. Chocolate syrup is dissolved in milk. 9. A marshmallow is toasted over a campfire. 10. A marshmallow is cut in half.

2 Part B Read each scenario. Decide whether a physical or chemical change has occurred and give evidence for your decision. The first one has been done for you to use as an example Scenario Umm! A student removes a loaf of bread hot from the oven. The student cuts a slice off the loaf and spreads butter on it. Your friend decides to toast a piece of bread, but leaves it in the toaster too long. The bread is black and the kitchen if full of smoke. You forgot to dry the bread knife when you washed it and reddish brown spots appeared on it. Physical or Chemical Change? Evidence 4. You blow dry your wet hair In baking biscuits and other quick breads, the baking powder reacts to release carbon dioxide bubbles. The carbon dioxide bubbles cause the dough to rise. You take out your best silver spoons and notice that they are very dull and have some black spots. A straight piece of wire is coiled to form a spring Food color is dropped into water to give it color. Chewing food to break it down into smaller particles represents a change, but the changing of starch into sugars by enzymes in the digestive system represents a change. In a fireworks show, the fireworks explode giving off heat and light. Part C: True (T) or False (F) 1. Changing the size and shapes of pieces of wood would be a chemical change. 2. In a physical change, the makeup of matter is changed. 3. Evaporation occurs when liquid water changes into a gas. 4. Evaporation is a physical change. 5. Burning wood is a physical change. 6. Combining hydrogen and oxygen to make water is a physical change. 7. Breaking up concrete is a physical change. 8. Sand being washed out to sea from the beach is a chemical change. 9. When ice cream melts, a chemical change occurs. 10. Acid rain damaging a marble statue is a physical change.

3 Name: Mods: Date: Free Body Diagram Worksheet: Directions: Draw a free body diagram for each of the following. Label all the x and y forces. (F n, F g, etc.) 1. A book is at rest on a table top. 2. An egg is free-falling from the second floor of the atrium. 3. A flying squirrel is gliding (no wing flaps) from a tree to the ground at constant velocity. Consider air resistance. The system is the squirrel. 4. A rightward force is applied to a book in order to move it across a desk with a rightward acceleration. Consider frictional forces. Neglect air resistance. 5. A rightward force is applied to a book in order to move it across a desk at constant velocity. Consider frictional forces. Neglect air resistance. 6. A skydiver is descending with a constant velocity. Consider air resistance. 7. A force is applied to the right to drag a sled across loosely packed snow with a rightward acceleration. A car is coasting to the right and slowing down.

4 Worksheet: Gravitational Force and Mass Name Physical Science Use the standard problem solving format in your solutions. 1- An object has a mass of 8.00 kg. What is the gravitational force on the object by the earth? 2- An object has a mass of 250 g. What is the gravitational force of on the object by the earth? 3- The earth exerts a gravitational force of 500 N on an object. What is the mass of the object in kg? 4- The earth exerts a gravitational force of N on an object. What is the mass of the object in g? 5- The gravitational acceleration on the moon is 1.63 m/s 2. If a rock on the moon weighs 2000N, how much does the same rock weigh on the earth? 6- A rock has a mass of 5.00 kg on the moon. What is the mass of the rock on the earth?

5 Speed/Velocity/Acceleration Worksheet Name Period Date Use the following equations to answer the questions. Distance Velocity Time Velocity Time Acceleration Distance = Time X Velocity Time = Distance/Velocity Velocity = Distance/Time Velocity = Time x Acceleration Time = Velocity/Acceleration Acceleration = Velocity/Time 1. If Chris throws the baseball 60 meters in 4 seconds, what is the average speed of the football? Show your work Answer Units 2. An airplane travels 4000m in 16 seconds on a heading of 35. What is its velocity? Show your work Answer Units Direction 3. A bicycle is heading West. It goes 5000m in 500s. What is its velocity? Show your work Answer Units Direction 4. If Justin races his Chevy Camaro South down I-540 for 2560 meters in 60 seconds, what is his velocity? Show your work Answer Units Direction

6 10) A graduated cylinder has a mass of 50 g when empty. When 30 ml of water is added, the graduated cylinder has a mass of 120 g. If a rock is added to the graduated cylinder, the water level rises to 75 ml and the total mass is now 250 g. What is the density of the rock? 11) A student performs an experiment with three unknown fluids and obtains the following measurements: Fluid A: m = 2060 g, V = 2000 ml Fluid B: m = 672 g, V = 850 ml Fluid C: m = 990 g, V = 1100 ml Draw how the fluids would be layered if they were combined in a beaker. 12) Use your density skills to find the identity of the following mystery objects. Table of Densities Solids Density g/cm 3 Solids Density g/cm 3 Marble 2.56 Copper 8.92 Quartz 2.64 Gold Diamond 3.52 Platinum 21.4 While digging in the backyard, you find an old coin. Its mass is g and its volume is 3 cm. You think you have found a diamond. Its mass is 5.28 g and its volume is 2 cm 3. What is the coin made of? What did you find? You find a ring with a mass of 107 g. You fill a graduated cylinder up with 10 ml of water and put the ring into the cylinder. The water rises up to the 15 ml mark. There is a block on your desk that acts as a paperweight. Its measurements are 3 cm by 4 cm by 6 cm. The block has a mass of g. What is the ring made of? What is the block made of?

7 233 Physical Science Name Read pages , 364. Answer the questions below. 1. What is a force? 2. List 5 examples of forces that you have applied today. Be specific, name the object and tell what you did to it. 3. What is inertia? 4. What type of objects have the greatest inertia? 5. Which has a greater inertia, a speeding car or a jet airplane sitting on a runway? 6. State Newton s first law of motion. 7. Newton s first law is sometimes called. 8. What is friction? In the situations below tell whether friction is increased or decreased. 9. Drying your hands to open a jar lid. 10. Using crutches with rubber tips. 11. Using a skate board with ball-bearing wheels. 12. Waxing your skis. 13. Using rosin on your hands before pitching or batting.

8 WORKSHEET ON CHEMICAL VS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CHANGES Keep this in your binder as a study guide! You will have a quiz on this next class! Background: Keeping the difference between physical and chemical properties as well as changes can be a challenge! This worksheet will help you do this. First, use the book to define the following terms. VOCABULARY WORD DEFINITION Physical Property Physical Change Change in which the identity of the substance does NOT change Chemical Property Chemical Change Part One: Physical or Chemical Property? Fill in the chart using the vocabulary words or phrases provided. Vocabulary words Boiling point Ability to rust Melting point Brittleness Reactivity with vinegar elasticity Flammability Density Transparency ductility Each word is used once. Define the word when done! Chemical Property! Definition The ability to burn Reacts with oxygen to produce rust Physical Property! Definition The property of letting light pass through something Part Two: Physical or Chemical Change? Indicate with a P or a C which type of change is taking place. 1. glass breaking 10. mixing salt and water 2. hammering wood together 11. mixing oil and water 3. a rusting bicycle 12. water evaporating 4. melting butter 13. cutting grass 5. separate sand from gravel 14. burning leaves 6. bleaching your hair 15. fireworks exploding 7. frying an egg 16. cutting your hair 8. squeeze oranges for juice 17. crushing a can 9. melting ice 18. boiling water