Non-Renewable Resources

Transcription

1 ENG 4 UTAINABILITY d NATUAL EOUE MANAGEMENT No-wbl soucs Boi ushm-oisi 8- Juy 8 W do xc viy of o-wbl sil soucs.

2 of xcio vicl sms limid by mou of svs hoizol. 3 ys slop = /3 ys Mk pic is clly ld o scciy diluio i viom.

3 Wh is m by h wod svs. impl Modlig Lych, cio.. Vibls: = mou of h souc miig = poducio = mk pic p ui poducio im Mss blc: d souc dwidls s i is big xcd ic-ssiiv dmd: high pic, low dmd, low xcio ic voluio: d blc bw poducig/sllig vs. $ i h bk oluio: d d 3

4 Wll L s dmi h h siuio is lil mo complicd. loig of soluio:, sidul soucs lf uouchd Hiig zo i fii im W o h, dpdig o h of xcio d hus o h mk pic, h mou of soucs c ch zo i fii im o lvl off sidul posiiv vlu. 4

5 5 If you do lik usig diffil quios, us disc mh o Excl spdsh.,, If d vlu is <, i ms h h souc is xhusd i fii im If d vlu is >, i ms h h is lfov h will v b poducd. Th opiml us of h souc is bcus, if so, w u ou jus s w o log w his souc bcus i hs bcom oo xpsiv. This occus fo h iiil poducio bu h iiil pic my dic ohwis.? o Tmil codiio l T T T

6 vu of vu = umb of uis poducd ims pic p ui: umuld ov im, wih pop discouig: This is clld h. Vlu: mx iiil pic ims ol mou xcd Of cous, i is hd o chiv his opiml siuio bcus. W do kow how much is h o bgi wih, d. W do cool h pic; h mk dos. o, w vy much c i h dk. I my siuios, xl pssu o ld o xhusio coms o chg h dymics. Exmpls: - ol xcio much dcsd wh polum bcm vilbl; i ws jus m of covic liquid vsio solid; - W bou o swich wy fom polum o bcus w uig ou bu bcus of h clim impc of cbo dioxid. - W my b uig of -h mils dd fo lcoics bu h w c swich fom miig w mils o cyclig ou old lcoics. 6

7 Effc of mximum pic: Lych, cio.. osid h cs wh high pic cuss buys o swich o liv. oducio css wh h pic chs mximum mx, which is h pic of h liv. Assum h his mximum pic is kow ll log. Thus, o opimiz icom, poducs sk o xhus h souc by h im T wh h pic chs h mximum mx : mx T T mx T T mx T T l mx ospodig xcio : mx T mx Th pcdig xpssios w ud h ssumpio h h mximum pic ws kow sic h bgiig of h xploiio. hould his o b h cs, h is, if liv mgs o poi log h wy, h simply cosid h cu vlus s w sig vlus. Thus, mx T l mx opiml of xcio im lf Ud hs codiios, h is: T T uchgd sic h i souc is poducd. 7

8 osum s uplus: Lych, pgs 7-8 Th sllig pic is, bu cosums my vlu h souc vlu V, high h : V >. Now, V would b s by supply-dmd cuv, such s Th cosum pys bu ws dy o py V. Thus, h cosum s suplus is V y giv im. Th cumuld suplus is obid by igio ov im yllow. Effc of discovy Lych, cio.3 Imgi h h mk pomps ffo o discov ddiiol svs. Do h of discovy by D d h miig sill u discovd soucs by U. i quios : d D du D Ths quios sy h D ks wy fom U d dds o, h kow mou souc zo-sum bcus o cio. Now, w d o sy wh cools h of discovy. Th soig is h i is si o discov h souc if h is sill mo of i ou h. Thus, h D my b k s popoiol o h udiscovd mou U: D U Th coffici pss h s high o difficuly low wih which w discovis occu. I is fucio of xisig chology d pocliviy o ivs i discovy ffo. 8

9 Wih D U, h miig udiscovd mou U is dwidlig ccodig o: du D U U U If w ow dd h miig dymics wih h xisc of mximum pic which poducio will cs: d mx d D U Th soluio looks lik wih complicd lgb o dmi h cofficis: mx = U = =. pk poducio = 5.75 wih mx =.5 = U = 5 =. pk poducio =.96 wih mx = 3.6 m s bov bu wih slow of discovy =.4 No pk poducio Fo ll css: =. =.5 No pic limi 9

10 oducio wih discovy d ffo Lych, cio.3.4 Effo of xploio E is modld s de offici of popoioliy ofi d o poducio... D... E of discovy Effo Vyig Dmd: Lych, cio..4 W cosid h fc h h poducio my b mo h oly fucio of pic. I picul, i my lso dpd o cusom fcos uld o pic, such s vilbiliy of livs, chgig ss, o w chologis x. lss d fo gsoli wh lcic cs g o h mk. Th wy o modl his is o iclud im viio i h umo of h xpssio likig pic o poducio: Wih pic s bfo:

11 A isig cs is h of li dmd gowh Lych, pgs -4. I his cs, w k: Th mhmics giv squilly: d Th isig spc is h iiil bhvio of h poducio: d d d,, gows iiilly lwys dcys osly oducio: Lych, cio.. If w do h cos of poducio p ui poducd s, h h pofi o h poduc is p ui poducd. Th is likwis djusd dowwd: Glly, h cos of poducio is ld o h budc of h souc: Th mo h is lg, h si d chp i is o xc som of i, d h cos icss s h souc bcoms mo scc wh. Thus, =.

12 osid chik of im, such s o qu 3 mohs o o y. Th ps coibuio o plus h of h x coscuiv piod is: Th poduc my sk: Wh if I icip smll poio of poducio fom piod o piod? To sw his qusio, w cosid h chg i h bov icom wh d d,, om lgb shows h h chg o h wo-piod bov is: d d Th poi of idiffc cospods o o chg i : d d High-od diffil -gig, w obi squilly: d d d d I h limi of sho im ivl: d d d Tim discouig iflio sock ffc

13 Filly, cllig h mss blc d w hv d d d d d d d h poi of idiffc cospods o: d This is h dcisio ul ud cosly poducio. d d W o h h cos of poducio slows dow h of pic ics. losig mks fo hp Lych, pg 3 A sil souc, lik polum, hs oly o f, xhusio. Tim o xhusio is fii if h is mximum pic bov which dmd vishs lwys h cs. Implicio fo susibiliy: - A subsiu ds o b foud duig h poducio d xhusio pocss. - om of h ccumuld icom ds o b ivsd i h sch fo h liv, o o hs o l how o do wihou. Eih wy, h is lig cuv. - Th cumuliv lig ough o b h susibl spc. Ulimly, howv, subsiuio lo is idqu if i pogsss hough sis of fii soucs xhusios. Th mus b usibl Fil! 3