ELECTRONIC DEVICES BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR. Piotr Dziurdzia, Ph.D C-3, room 413; tel ,

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1 AGH UNVRSY O SN AND HNOLOGY M. SANSŁAWA SASZA W KRAKOW aculy of ompur Scnc, lcroncs and lcommuncaons DPARMN O LRONS LRON DVS Por Dzurdza, Ph.D. -3, room 43; l , Por.Dzurdza@ah.du.pl POLAR JUNON RANSSOR PD

2 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR NRODUON Do you know ha :. unl rcnly, bpolar ranssor has bn h mos wdly usd smconducor dvc. npn y sayn h word "ranssor" was man a bpolar ranssor.. h currn flown bwn h wo rmnals of h bpolar ranssor s conrolld by a rlavly small currn flown hrouh h hrd rmnal. pnp. n bpolar ranssor, boh lcrons and hols ar nvolvd n currn flow. PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 3 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR NRODUON How was wh a dod?: D UD n p RL Ohr ways of ncrasn h currn??? PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 4

3 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR NRODUON Wb p+ njcon of hols n drf of hols p R MR AS OLLOR R U n a ood pnp ranssor almos all h hols njcd from h mr o h bas ar collcd n h collcor. hs assumpon s fulflld n cas of h narrow bas (Wb<<Lp) and h lon lfm of hols τp. PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 5 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR NRODUON Wb p+ njcon of hols n drf of hols p R MR AS OLLOR R h bas currn flow conss of:. urrn of lcrons rcombnn wh hols n h bas.. urrn of lcrons njcd no h mr dsp h mr s havly dopd han h bas. 3. A small currn of lcrons (rsuln from hrmal nraon) flown no h bas from h rvrs polarzd collcor juncon. PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 6 3

4 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR ALAN O LRONS AND HOLS LOW flow of lcrons 5 flow of hols p+ p n p n 4 3 njcd hols ha ar los durn rcombnaon n h bas hols rachn h rvrs basd collcor juncon 3 hrmal nraon of lcrons and hols formn h sauraon currn of h rvrs basd collcor 4 lcrons suppld by h bas conac and rcombnn wh hols 5 lcrons njcd no h mr hrouh h juncon from: Przyrządy półprzwodnkow, n G. Srman PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 7 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR URRN GAN flow of lcrons p as ranspor facor (wha par of h njcd hols rachd h collcor va h bas) flow of hols p+ n p n p h mr njcon ffcncy p n p p PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 8 n n n p p p p urrn an bwn collcor and mr p / n p / p n p p from: Przyrządy półprzwodnkow, n G. Srman 4

5 00kΩ 5kΩ POLAR JUNON RANSSOR OMMON MR AMPLR QUALAV DSRPON xampl: u 0V p n p+ p 0s 0. s u 00V b[ma] 0.05 c[ma] 5 p 00 0V 0. ma 00k 0mA PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 9 POLAR RANSSOR SRUURS n+ p n p+ n p npn pnp - mr bas - collcor PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 0 5

6 POLAR RANSSOR NRGY AND MODL n+ p n qu polarzd whou polarzaon -qu PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor POLAR RANSSOR OPRAON ONGURAONS O H POLAR RANSSOR O O un uou un uou O un uou PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 6

7 POLAR RANSSOR OPRAON SAS O H POLAR RANSSOR acv normal cu-off acv nvrs sauraon PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 3 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR RS-MOLL MODL αrr npn α R u u PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 4 u u nu n U S RS u u nu n U S S 7

8 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR RS-MOLL MODL S rvrs sauraon mr currn a shord collcor juncon 0 S S rvrs sauraon collcor currn a shord mr juncon 0 S n, n non-daly facors of mr and collcor juncons α D currn an of h ranssor workn n acv normal confuraon n O mod αr - D currn an of h ranssor workn n acv rvrs confuraon n O mod R 0 R 0 PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 5 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR RS-MOLL MODL S R S S Onsar s dny S ranspor sauraon currn u u S nu n U S u u nu S n U S R -M quaons dpndn only on hr paramrs PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 6 8

9 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR RS-MOLL MODL f w dfn as h forward currn of a mr dod n acv normal mod and h R as collcor dod currn n acv nvrs mod, hn: u nu S R S u nu S w h -M quaons n h form of: R R R u nu PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 7 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR RS-MOLL MODL db dbc jb αrr jbc α R npn u u PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 8 9

10 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR O MOD - HARARSS npu characrscs f U U cons. U U U U<U U U PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 9 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR O MOD - HARARSS ransonal characrscs f U cons. U U U U<U U PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 0 0

11 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR O MOD - HARARSS Oupu characrscs f U cons. < U 4 3 U U PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor POLAR JUNON RANSSOR O MOD - ANALYSS Drmnaon of opraon pon Q +U U R U R R U U R U un U uou U U U R U R PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor

12 R POLAR JUNON RANSSOR O MOD - ANALYSS h mpac of h choc of opraon pon on h amplfyn proprs of h ranssor R un uou Q(, ) -/R Q(U, ) U Q(, U) U PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 3 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR O MOD - ANALYSS h opran pon for maxmum dynamcs of h oupu vola R R un uou Q(, ) -/R Q(U, ) U Q(, U) U PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 4

13 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR O MOD - ANALYSS Oupu dsorons du o oo hh npu amplud R R un uou Q(, ) -/R Q(U, ) U Q(, U) U PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 5 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR O MOD - ANALYSS Opraon pon oo clos o h sauraon ara R R un uou Q(, ) Q(U, ) -/R U Q(, U) U PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 6 3

14 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR O MOD - ANALYSS Opraon pon oo clos o h cu-off ara R R -/R uou un Q(, ) Q(U, ) U Q(, U) U PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 7 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR O MOD - ANALYSS Opraon ara of h ranssor a h oupu characrscs Pmax=U R R -/R Q(U, ) uou un U sauraon ara cu-off ara acv ara PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 8 4

15 SWHNG POLAR JUNON RANSSOR PD 9 SWHNG POLAR JUNON RANSSOR +U R U b P - R c Rc U R b P Rb b U R U c U U R c u c u b - R u c PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 30 5

16 SWHNG POLAR JUNON RANSSOR +U c U /R - R Rc -/R Rb b U sa U U u b u c U R b P M U U R c sa U R c PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 3 U sa U n (x) n (0) SWHNG POLAR JUNON RANSSOR R r R ln U ln R Q dq d Q Q conrol quaon of bas char n acv normal mod Q Q S n (x ) Q QS dq dqs d d S conrol quaon of bas char n sauraon mod 0 x PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 3 6

17 SWHNG POLAR JUNON RANSSOR u b b - R - R Rbb b(0)=(+r)/rb +U R R u b u c c K G M U u c from: Układy lkronczn cz. Układy analoow nlnow mpulsow, J. aranowsk, G. zajkowsk G M b b jc 0 j R b R PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 33 SWHNG POLAR JUNON RANSSOR u b b - R Rbb - R U P b(0)=(+r)/rb Rbb +U R R u b u c c d β r M d dlay m Rbb ln U R P u c U U sa r rsn m K Rc jc ln K PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 34 7

18 SWHNG POLAR JUNON RANSSOR u b b - R Rbb - R U P b(0)=(+r)/rb Rbb β - R ( + R)R Rbb Rbb +U R R u b u c c u c M d r s f U U sa βr s S ln M sora m R R PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 35 SWHNG POLAR JUNON RANSSOR u b b - R Rbb - R U P b(0)=(+r)/rb Rbb β - R ( + R)R Rbb Rbb +U R R u b u c c u c M d r s f U βr f R c jc ln falln m R R G U sa ransfr m (hrouh h bas) PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 36 8

19 SWHNG POLAR JUNON RANSSOR u b b - R Rbb - R U P b(0)=(+r)/rb Rbb β - R ( + R)R Rbb Rbb +U R R u b u c c u c M d r s f U U sa βr ON d r urn-on m O s f urn-off m PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 37 POLAR JUNON RANSSOR SMALL-SGNAL MODLS AND PARAMRS PD 38 9

20 SMALL-SGNAL MODL - OJVS ranssor a non lnar dvc Non lnar characrscs Non lnar modl N N N U U brs-moll Modl of a bpolar npn ranssor h characrscs of a bpolar ranssor workn n h common mr confuraon u u nu mu S ( ) S ( u u nu mu N S ( ) S ( ) ) Pcur from: W. Marcnak Przyrządy półprzwodnkow układy scalon, WN 979 PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 39 SMALL-SGNAL MODL OJVS ranssor n a crcu () =? R R U Z U n ()= A w sn() G Non lnar Modl (.: brs-moll) s nconvnn for h analyss of h ranssor n larr lcronc crcus PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 40 0

21 SMALL-SGNAL MODL OJVS ranssor n a crcu () =? R A smpl crcu. R U N N Who can solv? U Z U n ()= A w sn() G U N U U xp S xp nu mu S N u U xp U S xp nu mu S Non lnar Modl (.: brs-moll) s nconvnn for h analyss of h ranssor n larr lcronc crcus PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 4 SMALL-SGNAL MODL how o? ranssor a non lnar dvc How o do? Lnar modl PP PP Around opraon pon PP Lnarzaon of characrscs PP Modl bul of lnar lmns (wh som mnor lmaons) haracrscs of a bpolar ranssor workn n a h common mr mod Pcur from: W. Marcnak Przyrządy półprzwodnkow układy scalon, WN 979 PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 4

22 SMALL-SGNAL MODL ranssor as an acv four-rmnal un Small-snal componn D componn = + c + c c lnarzaon of characrsc u n Opraon pon n h acv ara = + b u =U +u b U R u =U +u c U u U u U + u b or small alrnan snals (low amplud). ranssor can b rplacd by a four-rmnal lnar crcu R b c u b u c R PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 43 LNAR OUR-RMNAL MODLS (rpon crcu hory) n a nral cas: mpdanc quaons: U = Z + Z U Lnar four-rmnal crcu U U = Z + Z Admanc quaons: = Y U + Y U = Y U + Y U Mxd quaons (hybrd): U = H + H U = H + H U PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 44

23 OUR-RMNAL MODLS (small-snal modls) Small snals w dno as: small lrs small ndxs mpdanc quaons: u = z + z u = z + z Admanc quaons: = y u + y u = y u + y u Hybrd quaons: u = h + h u = h + h u z z u z z u y u u y u y y u h u h h h u PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 45 h u h h h u HYRD MODL paramrs for O npu mpdanc a shord oupu (for small-snal vola componn a h oupu) u h u 0 u U cons b uc 0 Rvrs vola ransfr funcon a opn npu (opn small-snal currn sourc a npu) u h u 0 urrn ransmanc - currn an a shord oupu (for small-snal vola componn a h oupu) h u 0 Oupu admanc a opn npu (opn small-snal currn sourc a npu) h u 0 PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 46 u u cons u U cons cons u u u c b b c u c b 0 b uc 0 c b 0 h h h h 3

24 HYRD MODL paramrs for dffrn confuraons PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 47 SMALL-SGNAL MODL of J Rprsnaon of physcal phnomna occurrn n h ranssor quvaln crcu unusual ransonal characrsc = f(u ) ransconducanc h mpac of npu o oupu m u U, U cons ransonal characrsc m PP u U dback ransconducanc h mpac of h oupu vola o h npu r u U, U cons npu conducanc npu characrsc (ranssor sn a h npu sd ) u U, U cons fdback characrsc npu characrsc Oupu conducanc oupu characrsc (ranssor sn a h oupu sd ) o u U, U cons oupu characrsc PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 48 4

25 HYRD- MODL for O MOD smplfd b c u b b m u b o c u c haracrscs of bpolar ranssor n h O mod a h oupu sd: currn sourc conrolld from h npu: m u b a h npu sd: npu conducanc: b a h oupu sd : oupu conducanc: o c` PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 49 HYRD- MODL for O MOD bc full b r bb r bc c u b u b b b m u b o c u c haracrscs of bpolar ranssor n h O mod a h oupu sd: currn sourc conrolld from h npu: m u b a h npu sd: npu conducanc: b a h oupu sd : oupu conducanc: o c` a h npu sd : bas rssanc: r bb from h npu o h oupu a drc: rssv fdback bas-collcor: r bc capacanc of mr juncon b and capacanc of collcor juncon bc PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 50 5

26 HYRD- MODL for O MOD smaon of paramrs () ransconducanc m rom a dfnon: m h slop of unusual ransonal characrsc = f(u ) U rom a opraon pon: dffrnan mr dod currn from brs-moll modl: m ( U and akn no accoun collcor currn ( = ): ) n U smplfd rlaonshp S U n U ( ) m n pracc n = n U m U coffcn of currn an for O mod n coffcn of non daly of mr juncon U lcrohrmal ponal consan collcor currn PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 5 npu conducanc b rom a dfnon: b slop of h npu characrsc = f(u ) rom h opraon pon: for O mod, s: hrfor from brs-moll modl, bas currn for O s: akn no accoun h dfnon: and: HYRD- MODL for O MOD smaon of paramrs () 0 w hav: b U n U b b n U 0 n U ( ) ( ) coffcn of currn an for O 0 coffcn of currn an for O n coffcn of non daly of mr juncon U lcrohrmal ponal consan collcor currn PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 5 m 0 S U xp nu, ( ) S U xp nu 6

27 HYRD- MODL for O MOD smaon of paramrs (3) Dsrbud rssanc of h bas r bb rom h comparson of hybrd- and hybrd modls : r bb h r b Oupu conducanc c rom a dfnon: akn no accoun arly ffc: And afr dffrnaon: c U c U 0 U 0 U A c h A A U U U A arly vola U Rssv fdback r b c rom a dfnon: rb c bu U >> U, hn: U 0 U A U rb c 0 c 0 bu f: U A>> U, hn: rb c 0 U A U m PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 53 HYRD- MODL for O MOD smaon of paramrs (4) npu capacanc mr juncon b b d j juncon capacanc dffuson capacanc b d U b oupld capacanc collcor juncon b c Juncon capacanc of rvrs basd bas-collcor juncon PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 54 7

28 HYRD- MODL for O MOD c c u b b b m u b cb cb u cb r bb U cons b u U, U cons U b b 0 b m PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 55 RQUNY LMS Whn, for whch frquncy dos ranssor sop o fulfl s basc funcon, ha s amplfcaon of snals? applcably : small-snal currn an for shord oupu: c ( j) b uc 0 mub ( j) ( j) ( j) m b ( j) b j b PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 56 b b c 8

29 u-off frquncy f whn (f) s rducd by 3d: PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 57 ) ( 0 f b c b b b m j j ) ( ) ( X GX X G j ) ( X GX j X G X j G j Dnon : b b c b b m X G, ) ( 0 f G X X G X G X GX X G X b c b b ) ( b c b b f 0 m b RQUNY LMS u-off frquncy f whn (f) s rducd by 3d: ollown h analoous procdur as for f β : PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 58 ) ( 0 f b b f RQUNY LMS

30 RQUNY LMS hrshold frquncy f whn manud of (f) = m b ( j) b j b b c b c b f ( b ) 0 ( f ) f j f ( f ) 0 j f f f j f whn: f f for: f s: ( f ) f 0 f f f 0 f PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 59 RQUNY LMS, 0-3d -3d f f [khz] 0 00 f 000 f 0000 polar ranssor opran n a common bas mod has -ms hhr cu-off frquncy f 0 f PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 60 30

31 URRN SOURS < U 4 3 U U PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 6 URRN SOURS R w U R = U R + U U R R + R = R + U R =R R = U R R + R U R PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 6 3

32 URRN SOURS urrn mrrors PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 63 URRN SOURS Wlson s currn mrror PD lcronc dvcs polar Juncon ranssor 64 3