ELEN E4830 Digital Image Processing

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Naomi Mosley
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1 ELEN E48 Dgal Imag Procssng Mrm Eamnaon Sprng Soluon Problm Quanzaon and Human Encodng r k u P u P u r r P r 6 6 P r r r P r P r P r / 8 P r / 8 P r / 8 P r / 8 /4 5/8 r r r r 5 Avrag codord lngh:.875 <

Problm Imag Qual Enhancmn A smpl rlaonshp bn h mags and hr hsograms s llusrad n

o mprov havr qual o h orgnal mags h b mplong or combnng h approachs nroducd n h

h gradng s basd on our proposal o h ssm. An manngul asbl and cn ps ll g som pons.

2 Problm Imag Qual Enhancmn A smpl rlaonshp bn h mags and hr hsograms s llusrad n gur. Basd on h hsogram dsrbuon and ohr aurs ou can l r o prsn an mag nhancmn ssm o mprov havr qual o h orgnal mags h b mplong or combnng h approachs nroducd n h lcur such as hsogram srchng unsharp maskng hgh-pass lrng c. h gradng s basd on our proposal o h ssm. An manngul asbl and cn ps ll g som pons. Background Con Bod Con Dr Ara Background Bod Hr ar som possbl canddas: Scannd documn gur Orgnal mags and hr hsograms. h conras nhancmn o h con mag: b mplong a pcs lnar scalng on h prvous mag as ndcad n gur. h uncon could b: α u u v β u u v u α u u v u [ u [ u u [ u 55]

3 h slops α β can b drvd rom h pr-dcdd hrshold u u v v. Ar obsrvng h orgnal hsogram a sampl valu s could b: u u v v 85. h c o such opraon s ha h con sl ll possss br vsual conras and a h sam m h background ll b lghr so ha h conras agans h background ll also b mprovd. O cours a clppd vrson o lnar scalng s also consdrabl hr. Oupu v 55 v α β v α u u 55 Inpu u gur. Pcs lnar mag scalng. h dg sharpnss o h con mag: b mplong a hgh-pass mask h dg o h con can b sharpnd cnl. h smpls hgh-pas masks ar as: H 5 or 5 Anohr alrnav a s o ulz h unsharp maskng approach hr h procssd pl s rplacd b a gradn nhancd sgnal. In h cas o dscr mag h Laplacan can b mplod o approma h gradn opraon: v u [ u u u u ] 4 Acuall h mchansm bhnd hs o mhods s narl h sam: h mag s passd hrough a hgh-pass lr mporal dscr convoluon h corrspondng mpuls rspons and h pl n h mag s nhancd b h gradn. h c o such opraon s ha h con n h mag ll hav a sharp dg and h conv and concav pars ll b clarr.. Smlarl h cas can us a lnar scalng mappng o nhanc h Scannd documn mag so ha h dr ral b h rubbr can b rlvd. h scalng could

4 b dscrbd as n gur. A sampl hrshold vcor s u u v v 6. Oupu v 55 v v α u u 55 Inpu u gur. Inns lvl slcng hs opraon has o cs: o mak h clarr b comprssng s corrspondng hsogram dsrbuon; and o rmov h rubbr dr b ncrasng s nns.

5 Problm Imag Rsoraon Basd on h assumpon ha drcon chang shur opnng and closng ar nsananous h obsrvd mag o h movng obc s: o a b a g g ma b consdrd as h rsul ha h orgnal mag passs hrough a mag procssng modul as ndcad n gur 4. h ransorm uncon o hs opraon s H W hav: ˆ sn sn sn sn ˆ ˆ ˆ a b a b a b b a b a b a b a a a a o b b a a H b b b dd a a a dd a a b dno dd a b dd a dd a b a dd g Lnar Moon Oupu g Inpu

6 Problm 4 Color Spac o o W hav R.5.5 B 4.5. h hu r componn has bn llusrad as n gur 4. r r gur 4. Hu componn o h mag Whn us a 99 avrag mask h rang o nrs s acuall concnrad n h small rgon.. rcangl ACI as n gur 4. As h mask gos no hs rgon h hu valu ll undrgo a gradual chang. h boundar o such chang can b dcdd b h pons A B C D E H and I and h hu valu bn an o adacn boundar pons ll hav a lnar chang. rsl l s ork ou h valu o h boundar pons. hs ob s as bcaus us pu h mask on h dsrd pon and calcula h oupu valu. A al hr s ha plas no h mask s an odd-sz on hl h mag s an vn-sz on. ha mans h boundar pons along h sparar o o colors acuall nclud o pons hs gus ar B H D and or our pons pon E. hs can b br llusrad as n gur 5 hr B s an nsanc. And should hav:

7 hb hb o or smplcaon us dno hb 6. Bu should rmmbr hr ar acuall o pons hr B and B. gur 5. h als n h boundar pon B h hu valus o h boundar pons ar as h ollong abls. h numbr n h bracks s h numbr o acuall pons as pland abov.

8 Ar g hs pons h hu valu bn an o adacn boundar pons ll hav a lnar chang. Snc h S and I componns ar unouchd hs s acl a roaon o hu n a S-I dnd annulus as n gur 6. gur 6. h roaon o hu n a S-I dnd annulus In h RB color spac h phnomnon can s s ha n sd h rgon ACI hr ll b a color gradual chang boundd b h pons A-I.

The Variance-Covariance Matrix

The Variance-Covariance Matrix Th Varanc-Covaranc Marx Our bggs a so-ar has bn ng a lnar uncon o a s o daa by mnmzng h las squars drncs rom h o h daa wh mnsarch. Whn analyzng non-lnar daa you hav o us a program l Malab as many yps o